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<-- Begin file 1 of 10: Version 0.4 of
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Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
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<-- p. 1 -->
A.
A (named \'be in the English, and most commonly
\'84 in other languages). The first letter of the
English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the
alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter
(a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all
descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek
Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the
first letter (Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian
origin. The Aleph was a consonant letter, with a
guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek
articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel
Alpha with the \'84 sound, the Ph\'d2nician alphabet
having no vowel symbols.
This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel
sounds. See Guide to pronunciation, 43-74. The
regular long a, as in fate, etc., is a
comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till
about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the
quality of \'84 (as in far).
2. (Mus.) The name of the sixth tone in
the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor
scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second
string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A
sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A
and B. -- A flat (A
A per se (L. per se by
itself), one pre\'89minent; a nonesuch.
[Obs.]
O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se
Of Troy and Greece.
Chaucer.
A (# emph. #). 1.
[Shortened form of an. AS. \'ben one. See
One.] An adjective, commonly called the
indefinite article, and signifying one or
any, but less emphatically. \'bdAt a
birth\'b8; \'bdIn a word\'b8; \'bdAt a
blow\'b8. Shak. It is placed before nouns of the
singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality
individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural
nouns when the adjective few or the phrase great
many or good many is interposed; as,
a dog, a house, a man; a
color; a sweetness; a hundred, a
fleet, a regiment; a few persons, a great many
days. It is used for an, for the sake of
euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for
exception of certain words beginning with h, see
An]; as, a table, a woman, a year,
a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a
oneness, such a one, etc. Formally an
was used both before vowels and consonants.
2. [Originally the preposition a
(an, on).] In each; to or for
each; as, \'bdtwenty leagues a day\'b8, \'bda
hundred pounds a year\'b8, \'bda dollar a
yard\'b8, etc.
A (#), prep. [Abbreviated form
of an (AS. on). See On.]
1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.]
\'bdA God's name.\'b8 \'bdTorn a
pieces.\'b8 \'bdStand a tiptoe.\'b8 \'bdA
Sundays\'b8 Shak. \'bdWit that men have now a
days.\'b8 Chaucer. \'bdSet them a work.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia)
2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used
with verbal substantives in -ing which begin with a
consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition
an (which was used before the vowel sound); as in
a hunting, a building, a
begging. \'bdJacob, when he was a dying\'b8 Heb.
xi. 21. \'bdWe'll a birding together.\'b8 \'bd
It was a doing.\'b8 Shak. \'bdHe burst out
a laughing.\'b8 Macaulay. The hyphen may be
used to connect a with the verbal substantive (as,
a-hunting, a-building) or the words may be
written separately. This form of expression is now for the most
part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal
substantive treated as a participle.
A. [From AS. of off, from. See
Of.] Of. [Obs.] \'bdThe
name of John a Gaunt.\'b8 \'bdWhat time a
day is it ?\'b8 Shak. \'bdIt's six a
clock.\'b8 B. Jonson.
A. A barbarous corruption of have, of
he, and sometimes of it and of
they. \'bdSo would I a done\'b8
\'bdA brushes his hat.\'b8
Shak.
A. An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the
meter
A merry heart goes all the day,
Your sad tires in a mile-a.
Shak.
A-. A, as a prefix to English words, is derived
from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies on
or in (from an, a forms of AS.
on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on
foot, abed, amiss, asleep,
aground, aloft, away (AS.
onweg), and analogically, ablaze,
atremble, etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in
adown (AS. ofd\'81ne off the dun
or hill). (3) AS. \'be- (Goth. us-, ur-,
Ger. er-), usually giving an intensive force, and
sometimes the sense of away, on,
back, as in arise, abide,
ago. (4) Old English y- or i-
(corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle ge-,
cognate with OHG. ga-, gi-, Goth.
ga-), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition
to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French \'85 (L.
ad to), as in abase, achieve.
(6) L. a, ab, abs, from, as in
avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix abyss, atheist; akin
to E. un-.
Besides these, there are other sources from which the
prefix a takes its origin.
A 1 (#). A registry mark given by
underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in first-class condition.
Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3.
A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply
superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.
\'d8Aam (#), n. [D.
aam, fr. LL. ama; cf. L. hama a
water bucket, Gr. A Dutch and German measure of
liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41
wine gallons, at Antwerp 36\'ab, at Hamburg 38\'ac.
[Written also Aum and Awm.]
\'d8Aard"-vark` (#), n. [D.,
earth-pig.] (Zo\'94l.) An edentate mammal,
of the genus Orycteropus, somewhat resembling a pig,
common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the
ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its
long, slimy tongue.
\'d8Aard"-wolf` (#), n. [D,
earth-wolf] (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous
quadruped (Proteles Lalandii), of South Africa,
resembling the fox and hyena. See Proteles.
{ Aa*ron"ic (#), Aa*ron"ic*al
(#), } a. Pertaining to Aaron, the
first high priest of the Jews.
Aar"on's rod` (#). [See Exodus vii. 9 and
Numbers xvii. 8] 1. (Arch.) A rod
with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the
caduceus of Mercury, which has two.
2. (Bot.) A plant with a tall flowering
stem; esp. the great mullein, or hag-taper, and the
golden-rod.
Ab- (#). [Latin prep., etymologically the
same as E. of, off. See Of.]
A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies
from, away , separating, or
departure, as in abduct,
abstract, abscond. See
A-(6).
\'d8Ab (#), n. [Of Syriac
origin.] The fifth month of the Jewish year according
to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil
computation, coinciding nearly with August.
W. Smith.
\'d8Ab"a*ca (#), n. [The native
name.] The Manila-hemp plant (Musa
textilis); also, its fiber. See Manila hemp
under Manila.
A*bac"i*nate (#), v.t. [LL.
abacinatus, p.p. of abacinare;
ab off + bacinus a basin.] To
blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes.
[R.]
A*bac`i*na"tion (#), n. The act
of abacinating. [R.]
\'d8Ab`a*cis"cus (#), n.
[Gr.Abacus.]
(Arch.) One of the tiles or squares of a
tessellated pavement; an abaculus.
Ab"a*cist (#), n. [LL
abacista, fr. abacus.] One who
uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.
A*back" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + back; AS. on b\'91c at, on,
or toward the back. See Back.] 1.
Toward the back or rear; backward. \'bdTherewith aback
she started.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. Behind; in the rear.
Knolles.
3. (Naut.) Backward against the
mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind.
Totten.
To be taken aback. (a) To be driven
backward against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship
when the sails are thus driven. (b) To be suddenly
checked, baffled, or discomfited.
Dickens.
Ab"ack (#), n. An abacus.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Ab*ac"ti*nal (#), a. [L.
ab + E. actinal.]
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the surface or end
opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; -- opposed to
actinal. \'bdThe aboral or abactinal area.\'b8
L. Agassiz.
Ab*ac"tion (#), n. Stealing
cattle on a large scale. [Obs.]
Ab*ac"tor (#), n. [L., fr.
abigere to drive away; ab+agere to
drive.] (Law) One who steals and drives
away cattle or beasts by herds or droves.
[Obs.]
\'d8A*bac"u*lus (#), n.; pl.
Abaculi (#). [L., dim. of
abacus.] (Arch.) A small tile of
glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in
making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements.
Fairholt.
Ab"a*cus (#), n.>; E. pl.
Abacuses ; L. pl. Abaci (#).
[L. abacus, abax, Gr.
1. A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used
for drawing, calculating, etc. [Obs.]
2. A calculating table or frame; an instrument for
performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires,
or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the
second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China.
3. (Arch.) (a) The uppermost
member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under
the architrave. See Column. (b) A
tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.
4. A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated
compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of
cupboard, buffet, or sideboard.
Abacus harmonicus (Mus.), an
ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys
of an instrument.
Crabb.
Ab"a*da (#), n. [Pg., the
female rhinoceros.] The rhinoceros.
[Obs.]
Purchas.
A*bad"don (#), n. [Heb.
\'bebadd\'d3n destruction, abyss, fr.
\'bebad to be lost, to perish.] 1.
The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same
as Apollyon and Asmodeus.
2. Hell; the bottomless pit.
[Poetic]
In all her gates, Abaddon rues
Thy bold attempt.
Milton.
A*baft" (#), prep. [Pref.
a-on + OE. baft, baften,
biaften, AS. be\'91ftan; be by +
\'91ftan behind. See After, Aft,
By.] (Naut.) Behind; toward the
stern from; as, abaft the wheelhouse.
Abaft the beam. See under
Beam.
A*baft", adv. (Naut.) Toward
the stern; aft; as, to go abaft.
A*bai"sance (#), n. [For
obeisance; confused with F. abaisser, E.
abase] Obeisance. [Obs.]
Jonson.
A*bai"ser (#), n. Ivory black
or animal charcoal.
Weale.
<-- p. 2 -->
A*baist" (#), p.p. Abashed;
confounded; discomfited. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ab*al"ien*ate (#), v.t. [L.
abalienatus, p.p. of abalienare; ab +
alienus foreign, alien. See Alien.]
1. (Civil Law) To transfer the title of
from one to another; to alienate.
2. To estrange; to withdraw.
[Obs.]
3. To cause alienation of (mind).
Sandys.
Ab*al`ien*a"tion (#), n. [L.
abalienatio: cf. F. abalianation.]
The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement.
[Obs.]
\'d8Ab`a*lo"ne (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A univalve mollusk of the genus
Haliotis. The shell is lined with mother-of-pearl, and
used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear. Several large species
are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the
rocks.
A*band" (#), v.t. [Contracted
from abandon.]
1. To abandon. [Obs.]
Enforced the kingdom to aband.
Spenser.
2. To banish; to expel. [Obs.]
Mir. for Mag.
A*ban"don (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abandoned
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abandoning.] [OF. abandoner,
F.abandonner; a (L.
ad)+bandon permission, authority, LL.
bandum, bannum, public proclamation,
interdiction, bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic
origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan to show by signs, to
designate OHG. banproclamation. The word meant to
proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE.,
to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and
hence, to give up. See Ban.] 1. To
cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.
[Obs.]
That he might . . . abandon them from him.
Udall.
Being all this time abandoned from your bed.
Shak.
2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to
renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern
on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or
fidelity; to quit; to surrender.
Hope was overthrown, yet could not be
abandoned.
I. Taylor.
3. Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without
attempt at self-control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ;
-- often in a bad sense.
He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite
vice.
Macaulay.
4. (Mar. Law) To relinquish all claim
to; -- used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all
claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after
loss or damage by a peril insured against.
Syn. -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign;
abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave;
retire; withdraw from. -- To Abandon,
Desert, Forsake. These words agree in
representing a person as giving up or
leaving some object, but differ as to the mode of
doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a
thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends,
places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a
shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is more widely applicable
than forsake or desert. The Latin original
of desert appears to have been originally applied to
the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb,
when used of persons in the active voice, has usually
or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor,
etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully
stand by and support; as, to desert one's colors, to
desert one's post, to desert one's
principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not
necessarily bad; as, the fields were deserted, a
deserted village, deserted halls.
Forsake implies the breaking off of previous habit,
association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been
familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to
forsake the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his
cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad
sense.
A*ban"don, n. [F. abandon.
fr. abandonner. See Abandon,
v.] Abandonment; relinquishment.
[Obs.]
\'d8A`ban`don" (#), n. [F. See
Abandon.] A complete giving up to natural
impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or
ease.
A*ban"doned (#), a. 1.
Forsaken, deserted. \'bdYour abandoned
streams.\'b8
Thomson.
2. Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely
wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ;
as, an abandoned villain.
Syn. -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved;
reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile. --
Abandoned, Profligate,
Reprobate. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea
of great personal depravity. Profligate has reference to
open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or
political conduct; as, a profligate court, a
profligate ministry. Abandoned is stronger, and
has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart
produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a
man of abandoned character. Reprobate describes
the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and
who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of
recovery.
God gave them over to a reprobate mind.
Rom. i. 28.
A*ban"doned*ly, adv.
Unrestrainedly.
A*ban`don*ee" (#), n.
(Law) One to whom anything is legally
abandoned.
A*ban"don*er (#), n. One who
abandons.
Beau. & Fl.
A*ban"don*ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
abandonnement.]
1. The act of abandoning, or the state of being
abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment.
The abandonment of the independence of Europe.
Burke.
2. (Mar. Law) The relinquishment by the
insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property
insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.
3. (Com. Law) (a) The relinquishment of
a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The
voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special
relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.
4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon.
[R.]
Carlyle.
\'d8A*ban"*dum (#), n. [LL. See
Abandon.] (Law) Anything forfeited
or confiscated.
Ab"a*net (#), n. See
Abnet.
\'d8A*ban"ga (#), n. [Name
given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.] A
West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which
are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.
{ Ab`an*na"tion (#), Ab`an*nition
(#), } n. [LL.
abannatio; ad + LL. bannire to
banish.] (Old Law) Banishment.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ab + E. articulation : cf. F.
abarticulation. See Article.] (Anat.)
Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits
of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis.
Coxe.
A*base" (#), v.t.
[imp.&p.p. Abased (#);
p.pr. & vb. n. Abasing.] [F.
abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare ; ad
+ bassare, fr. bassus low. See Base,
a.]
1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down;
as, to abase the eye.
[Archaic]
Bacon.
Saying so, he abased his lance.
Shelton.
2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank,
office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to
depress; to humble; to degrade.
Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased.
Luke xiv. ll.
Syn. -- To Abase, Debase,
Degrade. These words agree in the idea of bringing down
from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to
a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to abase
one's self before God. Debase has reference to the
bringing down of a thing in purity, or making it base.
It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to
debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase
the mind by vicious indulgence, to debase one's style
by coarse or vulgar expressions. Degrade has reference
to a bringing down from some higher grade or from some
standard. Thus, a priest is degraded from the clerical
office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in
character and just estimation; as, degraded by
intemperance, a degrading employment, etc. \'bdArt is
degraded when it is regarded only as a
trade.\'b8
A*based" (#), a. 1.
Lowered; humbled.
2. (Her.) [F.
abaiss\'82.] Borne lower than usual, as a
fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards
the point of the shield.
A*bas"ed*ly (#), adv. Abjectly;
downcastly.
A*base"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
abaissement.] The act of abasing, humbling,
or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled;
humiliation.
A*bas"er (#), n. He who, or
that which, abases.
A*bash" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abashed (#);
p.pr. & vb. n. Abashing.]
[OE. abaissen, abaisshen,
abashen, OF.esbahir, F.
\'82bahir, to astonish, fr. L. ex + the
interjection bah, expressing astonishment. In OE.
somewhat confused with abase. Cf.
Finish.] To destroy the self-possession of;
to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness
of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to
disconcert; to discomfit.
Abashed, the devil stood,
And felt how awful goodness is.
Milton.
He was a man whom no check could abash.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame.
-- To Abash, Confuse, Confound.
Abash is a stronger word than confuse, but
not so strong as confound. We are abashed
when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of
inferiority; as, Peter was abashed in the presence of
those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from
some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of
thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by
a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused
in entering a room full of strangers. We are
confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were,
by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that
we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually
confounded at the discovery of his guilt.
Satan stood
Awhile as mute, confounded what to say.
Milton.
A*bash"ed*ly (#), adv. In an
abashed manner.
A*bash"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
\'82bahissement.] The state of being
abashed; confusion from shame.
{ \'d8A*bas"si (#), \'d8A*bas"sis
(#), } n. [Ar.& Per.
ab\'bes\'c6, belonging to Abas (a king of
Persia).] A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty
cents.
A*bat"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being abated; as, an abatable writ or
nuisance.
A*bate" (#), v.t.
[imp.& p.p. Abated, p.pr. &
. Abating.] [OF.
abatre to beat down, F. abattre, LL.
abatere; ab or ad + batere,
battere (popular form for L. batuere to
beat). Cf. Bate, Batter.]
1. To beat down; to overthrow.
[Obs.]
The King of Scots . . . sore abated the walls.
Edw. Hall.
2. To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower
state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to
moderate; toto cut short; as, to abate a demand; to
abate pride, zeal, hope.
His eye was not dim, nor his natural force
abated.
Deut. xxxiv. 7.
3. To deduct; to omit; as, to abate
something from a price.
Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd
hundreds.
Fuller.
4. To blunt. [Obs.]
To abate the edge of envy.
Bacon.
5. To reduce in estimation; to deprive.
[Obs.]
She hath abated me of half my train.
Shak.
6. (Law) (a) To bring entirely down or
put an end to; to do away with; as, to abate a
nuisance, to abate a writ. (b) (Eng.
Law) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be
abated entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of
assets.
To abate a tax, to remit it either wholly or
in part.
A*bate" (#), v.i. [See
Abate, v.t.] 1.
To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as,
pain abates, a storm abates.
The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly abated.
Macaulay.
2. To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall
through; to fail; as, a writ abates.
To abate into a freehold, To abate in
lands (Law), to enter into a freehold
after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes
possession. See Abatement, 4.
Syn. -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish;
lessen. -- To Abate, Subside.
These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some
previously raised or exited state. Abate expresses
this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or
of intensity; as, the storm abates, the cold
abates, the force of the wind abates; or,
the wind abates, a fever abates. Subside
(to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation
or commotion; as, the waves subside after a storm, the
wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively,
the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a
thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the
word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger
abates, the ardor of one's love abates, \'bdWinter
rage abates\'b8. But if the image be that of a sinking
down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word
to be used is subside; as, the tumult of the people
subsides, the public mind subsided into a
calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are
tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion subsides,
his joy quickly subsided, his grief
subsided into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such
cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion,
we might use abate; as, his joy will abate
in the progress of time; and so in other instances.
A*bate (#), n. Abatement.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
A*bate"ment (#), n. [OF.
abatement, F. abattement.]
1. The act of abating, or the state of being
abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting
an end to; as, the abatement of a nuisance is the
suppression thereof.
2. The amount abated; that which is taken away by
way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount
allowed.
3. (Her.) A mark of dishonor on an
escutcheon.
4. (Law) The entry of a stranger,
without right, into a freehold after the death of the last
possessor, before the heir or devisee.
Blackstone.
Defense in abatement, Plea in
abatement, (Law), plea to the effect
that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of
jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.
A*bat"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, abates.
{ Ab"a*tis, Aba"t*tis, }
(#) n. [F. abatis,
abattis, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr.
abattre. See Abate.] (Fort.)
A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose
branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the
enemy.
Ab"a*tised (#), a. Provided
with an abatis.
A*ba"tor (#), n. (Law)
(a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without
right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor,
before the heir or devisee.
Blackstone.
\'d8A`bat`toir" (#), n.; pl.
Abattoirs (#). [F., fr.
abattre to beat down. See Abate.]
A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.
Ab"a*ture (#), n. [F.
abatture, fr. abattre. See
Abate.] Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled
down by a stag passing through them.
Crabb.
\'d8A`bat`voix" (#), n. [F.
abattre to beat down + voix voice.]
The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.
Ab*awed" (#), p.p. [Perh. p.p.
of a verb fr. OF. abaubir to frighten, disconcert, fr.
L. ad + balbus stammering.] Astonished;
abashed. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Ab*ax"i*al (#), Ab*ax"ile (#),}
a. [L. ab + axis
axle.] (Bot.) Away from the axis or central
line; eccentric.
Balfour.
A*bay" (#), n. [OF.
abay barking.] Barking; baying of dogs upon
their prey. See Bay. [Obs.]
Abb (#), n. [AS.
\'beweb, \'beb; pref. a- +
web. See Web.] Among weaves, yarn
for the warp. Hence, abb wool is wool for the
abb.
Ab"ba (#), n. [Syriac
abb\'be father. See Abbot.]
Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and
Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the
bishops to the patriarch.
Ab"ba*cy (#), n.; pl.
Abbacies (#). [L.
abbatia, fr. abbas, abbatis,
abbot. See Abbey.] The dignity, estate, or
jurisdiction of an abbot.
Ab*ba"tial (#), a. [LL.
abbatialis : cf. F. abbatial.]
Belonging to an abbey; as, abbatial
rights.
Ab*bat"ic*al (#), a.
Abbatial. [Obs.]
\'d8Ab"b\'82` (#), n.[F.
abb\'82. See Abbot.] The French
word answering to the English abbot, the head of an
abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every
one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.
\'b5 After the 16th century, the name was given, in social
parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of
the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary
and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be
applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally.
Littr\'82.
Ab"bess (#), n.
[OF.abaesse, abeesse, F.
abbesse, L. abbatissa, fem. of
abbas, abbatis, abbot. See
Abbot.] A female superior or governess of a
nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the
nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See
Abbey.
Ab"bey (#), n.; pl.
Abbeys (#). [OF.
aba\'8be, F. abbaye, L. abbatia,
fr. abbas abbot. See Abbot.] 1. A
monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the
world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic
building or buildings.
monks, and governed by
an abbot; the women are called nuns, and governed by
an abbess.
2. The church of a monastery.
<-- p. 3 -->
In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey,
and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name
is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey;
as, Newstead Abbey, the residence of Lord
Byron.
Syn. -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See
Cloister.
Ab"bot (#), n. [AS.
abbod, abbad, L. abbas,
abbatis, Gr. abb\'be
father. Cf. Abba, Abb\'90.]
1. The superior or head of an abbey.
2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were
formerly abbeys.
Encyc. Brit.
Abbot of the people. a title formerly given to
one of the chief magistrates in Genoa. -- Abbot
of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in
medi\'91val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in
Scotland called the Abbot of Unreason.
Encyc. Brit.
Ab"bot*ship (#), n.
[Abbot + -ship.] The state
or office of an abbot.
Ab*bre"vi*ate (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abbreviated
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abbreviating.] [L.
abbreviatus, p.p. of abbreviare; ad +
breviare to shorten, fr. brevis short. See
Abridge.] 1. To make briefer; to
shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission,
especially of words written or spoken.
It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting,
another by cutting off.
Bacon.
2. (Math.) To reduce to lower terms, as
a fraction.
Ab*bre"vi*ate (#), a. [L.
abbreviatus, p.p.] 1. Abbreviated;
abridged; shortened. [R.] \'bdThe
abbreviate form.\'b8
Earle.
2. (Biol.) Having one part relatively
shorter than another or than the ordinary type.
Ab*bre"vi*ate, n. An abridgment.
[Obs.]
Elyot.
Ab*bre"vi*a`ted (#), a.
Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.
Ab*bre`vi*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
abbreviatio: cf. F. abbr\'82viation.]
1. The act of shortening, or reducing.
2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment.
Tylor.
3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by
contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a
word or phrase of which they are a part; as,
Gen. for Genesis;
U.S.A. for United States of
America.
4. (Mus.) One dash, or more, through the
stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers,
semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers.
Moore.
Ab*bre"vi*a`tor (#), n. [LL.:
cf. F. abbr\'82viateur.] 1. One
who abbreviates or shortens.
2. One of a college of seventy-two officers of the
papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on
a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards
expand the minute into official form.
Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry (#), a.
Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening;
abridging.
Ab*bre"vi*a*ture (#), n. 1.
An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form.
[Obs.]
2. An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.
This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty
of a Christian.
Jer. Taylor.
Abb" wool (#). See Abb.
A B C" (#). 1. The first three
letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.
2. A primer for teaching the alphabet and first
elements of reading. [Obs.]
3. The simplest rudiments of any subject; as,
the A B C of finance.
A B C book, a primer.
Shak.
\'d8Ab"dal (#), n. [Ar.
bad\'c6l, pl. abd\'bel, a substitute, a
good, religious man, saint, fr. badala to change,
substitute.] A religious devotee or dervish in
Persia.
Ab*de"ri*an (#), a. [From
Abdera, a town in Thrace, of which place Democritus,
the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.] Given to
laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.
Ab*de"rite (#), n. [L.
Abderita, Abderites, fr. Gr. '
An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace.
The Abderite, Democritus, the Laughing
Philosopher.
Ab"dest (#), n. [Per.
\'bebdast; ab water + dast
hand.] Purification by washing the hands before
prayer; -- a Mohammedan rite.
Heyse.
Ab"di*ca*ble (#), a. Capable of
being abdicated.
Ab"di*cant (#), a. [L.
abdicans, p.pr. of abdicare.]
Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by of.
Monks abdicant of their orders.
Whitlock.
Ab"di*cant, n. One who abdicates.
Smart.
Ab"di*cate (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abdicated
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abdicating.] [L. abdicatus,
p.p. of abdicare; ab + dicare to proclaim,
akin to dicere to say. See Diction.]
1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power;
to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high
office, station, dignity; as, to abdicate the
throne, the crown, the papacy.
abdicate was held to mean, in
the case of James II., to abandon without a formal
surrender.
The cross-bearers abdicated their service.
Gibbon.
2. To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of
authority, a trust, duty, right, etc.
He abdicates all right to be his own governor.
Burke.
The understanding abdicates its functions.
Froude.
3. To reject; to cast off.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
4. (Civil Law) To disclaim and expel
from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to
disinherit.
Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake;
abandon; resign; renounce; desert. -- To
Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly
expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding
up sovereign authority; as, to abdicate the
government. Resign is applied to the act of any
person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the
hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister
resigns, a military officer resigns, a
clerk resigns. The expression, \'bdThe king
resigned his crown,\'b8 sometimes occurs in our later
literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There
are other senses of resign which are not here brought
into view.
Ab"di*cate (#), v.i. To
relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or
dignity.
Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he
cannot abdicate for the monarchy.
Burke.
Ab`di*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
abdicatio: cf. F. abdication.]
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office,
dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary
renunciation of sovereign power; as, abdication of
the throne, government, power, authority.
Ab"di*ca*tive (#), a. [L.
abdicativus.] Causing, or implying,
abdication. [R.]
Bailey.
Ab"di*ca`tor (#), n. One who
abdicates.
Ab"di*tive (#), a. [L.
abditivus, fr. abdere to hide.]
Having the quality of hiding. [R.]
Bailey.
Ab"di*to*ry (#), n. [L.
abditorium.] A place for hiding or
preserving articles of value.
Cowell.
Ab*do"men (#), n. [L.
abdomen (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F.
abdomen.] 1. (Anat.)
The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and
the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the
peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera.
In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and
the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the
pelvic cavity.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The posterior section of
the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other
Arthropoda.
Ab*dom"i*nal (#), a. [Cf. F.
abdominal.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the abdomen; ventral; as, the abdominal regions,
muscles, cavity.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having abdominal fins;
belonging to the Abdominales; as, abdominal
fishes.
Abdominal ring (Anat.), a fancied
ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and
superior to the pubes; -- called also inguinal
ring.
Ab*dom"i*nal, n.; E. pl.
Abdominals, L. pl. Abdominales.
A fish of the group Abdominales.
\'d8Ab*dom`i*na"les (#), n. pl.
[NL., masc. pl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group
including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine
ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the
pectorals.
\'d8Ab*dom`i*na"li*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., neut. pl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
cirripeds having abdominal appendages.
Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py (#), n. [L.
abdomen + Gr. (Med.)
Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal
disease.
Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic (#), a.
Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.
Ab*dom"i*nous (#), a. Having a
protuberant belly; pot-bellied.
Gorgonius sits, abdominous and wan,
Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan.
Cowper.
Ab*duce" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abduced (#);
p.pr. & vb.n. Abducing.] [L.
abducere to lead away; ab + ducere to lead.
See Duke, and cf. Abduct.] To draw
or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part.
[Obs.]
If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object
will not duplicate.
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*duct" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abducted
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abducting.] [L. abductus,
p.p. of abducere. See Abduce.]
1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry
away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to
kidnap.
2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its
ordinary position.
Ab*duc"tion (#), n. [L.
abductio: cf. F. abduction.]
1. The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing
apart; a carrying away.
Roget.
2. (Physiol.) The movement which
separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of
the body.
3. (Law) The wrongful, and usually the
forcible, carrying off of a human being; as, the
abduction of a child, the abduction of an
heiress.
4. (Logic) A syllogism or form of
argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only
probable.
Ab*duc"tor (#), n. [NL.]
1. One who abducts.
2. (Anat.) A muscle which serves to draw
a part out, or form the median line of the body; as, the
abductor oculi, which draws the eye outward.
A*beam" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + beam.] (Naut.)
On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle
with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's
side.
A*bear" (#), v.t. [AS.
\'beberan; pref. \'be- + beran
to bear.] 1. To bear; to behave.
[Obs.]
So did the faery knight himself abear.
Spenser.
2. To put up with; to endure.
[Prov.]
Dickens.
A*bear"ance (#), n.
Behavior. [Obs.]
Blackstone.
A*bear"ing, n. Behavior.
[Obs.]
Sir. T. More.
A`be*ce*da"ri*an (#), n. [L.
abecedarius. A word from the first four letters of the
alphabet.] 1. One who is learning the
alphabet; hence, a tyro.
2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet.
Wood.
{ A`be*ce*da"ri*an, A`be*ce"da*ry
(#), } a. Pertaining to, or formed
by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence,
rudimentary.
Abecedarian psalms, hymns,
etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew)
distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of
the alphabet.
Hook.
A`be*ce"da*ry (#), n. A primer;
the first principle or rudiment of anything.
[R.]
Fuller.
A*bed" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- in, on + bed.] 1. In
bed, or on the bed.
Not to be abed after midnight.
Shak.
2. To childbed (in the phrase \'bdbrought
abed,\'b8 that is, delivered of a child).
Shak.
A*beg"ge (#). Same as Aby.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*bele" (#), n. [D.
abeel (abeel-boom), OF.
abel, aubel, fr. a dim. of L.
albus white.] The white polar (Populus
alba).
Six abeles i' the churchyard grow.
Mrs. Browning.
{ A*bel"i*an (#), A"bel*ite
(#), A`bel*o"ni*an (#), }
n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in
Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that
they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they
pretended, of Abel.
A"bel*mosk` (#), n. [NL.
abelmoschus, fr. Ar.
abu-l-misk father of musk,
i.e., producing musk. See
Musk.] (Bot.) An evergreen shrub
(Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-moschatus), of
the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds
are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes called
musk mallow.
Ab` er-de-vine" (#), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The European siskin (Carduelis spinus), a small
green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.
Ab*err" (#), v.i. [L.
aberrare. See Aberrate.] To
wander; to stray. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ Ab*er"rance (#), Ab*er"ran*cy
(#), } n. State of being aberrant;
a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude,
etc.
Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.), the
deviation of a curve from a circular form.
Ab*er"rant (#), a. [L.
aberrans, -rantis, p.pr. of
aberrare.] See Aberr.] 1.
Wandering; straying from the right way.
2. (Biol.) Deviating from the ordinary
or natural type; exceptional; abnormal.
The more aberrant any form is, the greater must
have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory,
have been exterminated.
Darwin.
Ab"er*rate (#), v.i. [L.
aberratus, p.pr. of aberrare; ab +
errare to wander. See Err.] To go
astray; to diverge. [R.]
Their own defective and aberrating vision.
De Quincey.
Ab`er*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
aberratio: cf. F. aberration. See
Aberrate.] 1. The act of wandering;
deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the
natural state, or from a type. \'bdThe
aberration of youth.\'b8 Hall.
\'bdAberrations from theory.\'b8 Burke.
2. A partial alienation of reason.
\'bdOccasional aberrations of intellect.\'b8
Lingard.
Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a
single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form.
I. Taylor.
3. (Astron.) A small periodical change
of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the
combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the
observer; called annual aberration, when the
observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and
dairy or diurnal aberration, when of the
earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case,
to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary
aberration is that due to the motion of light and the
motion of the planet relative to the earth.
4. (Opt.) The convergence to different
foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one
and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single
focus; called spherical aberration, when due to the
spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different
foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic
aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the
colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a
distinct focus.
5. (Physiol.) The passage of blood or
other fluid into parts not appropriate for it.
6. (Law) The producing of an unintended
effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended
for A glances and strikes B.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation;
mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See
Insanity.
Ab`er*ra"tion*al (#), a.
Characterized by aberration.
Ab`e*run"cate (#), v.t. [L.
aberuncare, for aberruncare. See
Averruncate.] To weed out.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab`e*run"ca*tor (#), n. A
weeding machine.
A*bet" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abetted (#);
p.pr. & vb.n. Abetting.]
[OF. abeter; a (L. ad) +
beter to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. beita
to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel.
b\'c6ta to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See
Bait, Bet.] 1. To instigate
or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad sense of
persons and acts; as, to abet an ill-doer; to
abet one in his wicked courses; to abet vice;
to abet an insurrection. \'bdThe whole tribe
abets the villany.\'b8
South.
Would not the fool abet the stealth,
Who rashly thus exposed his wealth?
Gay.
2. To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a
good sense. [Obs.].
Our duty is urged, and our confidence abetted.
Jer. Taylor.
3. (Law)To contribute, as an assistant
or instigator, to the commission of an offense.
Syn. -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment;
advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist;
support; sustain; back; connive at.
A*bet" (#), n. [OF.
abet, fr. abeter.] Act of
abetting; aid. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*bet"ment (#), n. The act of
abetting; as, an abetment of treason, crime,
etc.
A*bet"tal (#), n.
Abetment. [R.]
<-- p. 4 -->
{ A*bet"ter, A*bet*tor }
(#), n. One who abets; an instigator of
an offense or an offender.
abettor is the legal term and
also in general use.
Syn. -- Abettor, Accessory,
Accomplice. These words denote different
degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An
abettor is one who incites or encourages to the act,
without sharing in its performance. An accessory
supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor
in an offense, nor present at its performance, but
accedes to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by
some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging,
aiding, or concealing, etc., is an accessory. An
accomplice is one who participates in the commission
of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in
treason, there are no abettors or
accessories, but all are held to be principals or
accomplices.
Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion (#), n.
[Pref. ab- + evacuation.]
(Med.) A partial evacuation.
Mayne.
A*bey"ance (#), n. [OF.
abeance expectation, longing; a (L.
ad) + baer, beer, to gape, to
look with open mouth, to expect, F. bayer, LL.
badare to gape.] 1. (Law)
Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.
abeyance, that is, in expectation; the law considering
it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a
proper owner appears.
Blackstone.
2. Suspension; temporary suppression.
Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant
state, or state of abeyance.
De Quincey.
A*bey"an*cy (#), n.
Abeyance. [R.]
Hawthorne.
A*bey"ant (#), a. Being in a
state of abeyance.
\'d8Ab"hal (#), n. The berries
of a species of cypress in the East Indies.
Ab*hom"i*na*ble (#), a.
Abominable. [A false orthography anciently used;
h was foisted into various words; hence
abholish, for abolish, etc.]
This is abhominable, which he [Don Armado] would
call abominable.
Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.
Ab*hom`i*nal (#), a. [L.
ab away from + homo, hominis,
man.] Inhuman. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Ab*hor" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abhorred
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abhorring.] [L. abhorrere;
ab + horrere to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F.
abhorrer. See Horrid.] 1.
To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror
or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to
extremity; to loathe.
Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is
good.
Rom. xii. 9.
2. To fill with horror or disgust.
[Obs.]
It doth abhor me now I speak the word.
Shak.
3. (Canon Law) To protest against; to
reject solemnly. [Obs.]
I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul
Refuse you for my judge.
Shak.
Syn. -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See
Hate.
Ab*hor", v. i. To shrink back with
horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; --
with from. [Obs.] \'bdTo
abhor from those vices.\'b8
Udall.
Which is utterly abhorring from the end of all
law.
Milton.
Ab*hor"rence (#), n. Extreme
hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.
Ab*hor"ren*cy (#), n.
Abhorrence. [Obs.]
Locke.
Ab*hor"rent (#), a. [L.
abhorens, -rentis, p. pr. of
abhorrere.] 1. Abhorring;
detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence,
strongly opposed to; as, abhorrent
thoughts.
The persons most abhorrent from blood and
treason.
Burke.
The arts of pleasure in despotic courts
I spurn abhorrent.
Clover.
2. Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent;
-- followed by to. \'bdInjudicious profanation,
so abhorrent to our stricter principles.\'b8
Gibbon.
3. Detestable. \'bdPride,
abhorrent as it is.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Ab*hor"rent*ly, adv. With
abhorrence.
Ab*hor"rer (#), n. One who
abhors.
Hume.
Ab*hor"ri*ble (#), a.
Detestable. [R.]
Ab*hor"ring (#), n. 1.
Detestation.
Milton.
2. Object of abhorrence.
Isa. lxvi. 24.
\'d8A"bib (#), n. [Heb.
ab\'c6b, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called
from barley being at that time in ear.] The first
month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to
our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called
Nisan.
Kitto.
A*bid"ance (#), n. The state of
abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (with).
The Christians had no longer abidance in the holy
hill of Palestine.
Fuller.
A judicious abidance by rules.
Helps.
A*bide" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abode (#),
formerly Abid(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abiding (#).] [AS.
\'beb\'c6dan; pref. \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ b\'c6dan to bide. See Bide.]
1. To wait; to pause; to delay.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's
abode; to dwell; to sojourn; -- with with before a
person, and commonly with at or in before a
place.
Let the damsel abide with us a few days.
Gen. xxiv. 55.
3. To remain stable or fixed in some state or
condition; to continue; to remain.
Let every man abide in the same calling.
1 Cor. vii. 20.
Followed by by: To abide by. (a)
To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.
The poor fellow was obstinate enough to abide by
what he said at first.
Fielding.
(b) To acquiesce; to conform to; as, to abide
by a decision or an award.
A*bide", v. t. 1. To wait for;
to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I
abide my time. \'bdI will abide
the coming of my lord.\'b8
Tennyson.
[[Obs.], with a personal object.
Bonds and afflictions abide me.
Acts xx. 23.
2. To endure; to sustain; to submit to.
[Thou] shalt abide her judgment on it.
Tennyson.
3. To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up
with.
She could not abide Master Shallow.
Shak.
4. [Confused with aby to pay for. See
Aby.] To stand the consequences of; to
answer for; to suffer for.
Dearly I abide that boast so vain.
Milton.
A*bid"er (#), n. 1.
One who abides, or continues. [Obs.]
\'bdSpeedy goers and strong abiders.\'b8
Sidney.
2. One who dwells; a resident.
Speed.
A*bid"ing, a. Continuing; lasting.
A*bid"ing*ly, adv. Permanently.
Carlyle.
\'d8A"bi*es (#), n. [L., fir
tree.] (Bot.) A genus of coniferous trees,
properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The
spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus.
Ab"i*e*tene (#), n. [L.
abies, abietis, a fir tree.] A
volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine
(Pinus sabiniana) of California.
Ab`i*et"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the fir tree or its products; as,
abietic acid, called also sylvic
acid.
Watts.
{ Ab"i*e*tin, Ab"i*e*tine }
(#), n. [See Abietene.]
(Chem.) A resinous obtained from Strasburg
turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is
insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the
boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.
Watts.
Ab`i*e*tin"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to abietin; as, abietinic
acid.
Ab"i*e*tite (#), n.
(Chem.) A substance resembling mannite, found in
the needles of the common silver fir of Europe (Abies
pectinata).
Eng. Cyc.
Ab"i*gail (#), n. [The proper
name used as an appellative.] A lady's
waiting-maid.
Pepys.
Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set
of night curls for sleeping in.
Leslie.
A*bil"i*ment (#), n.
Habiliment. [Obs.]
A*bil"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Abilities(#). [F.
habilet\'82, earlier spelling habilit\'82
(with silent h), L. habilitas aptitude,
ability, fr. habilis apt. See Able.]
The quality or state of being able; power to perform,
whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal;
capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength,
skill, resources, etc.; -- in the plural, faculty,
talent.
Then the disciples, every man according to his
ability, determined to send relief unto the
brethren.
Acts xi. 29.
Natural abilities are like natural plants, that
need pruning by study.
Bacon.
The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of
ability.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability;
efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill.
Ability, Capacity. These words come
into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers.
Ability has reference to the active
exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of
mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from
mental training. Thus, we speak of the ability with
which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation
carried on, etc. It always something to be done, and
the power of doing it. Capacity has
reference to the receptive powers. In its higher
exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth
of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and
retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of
resources and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the
extraordinary capacity of such men as Lord Bacon,
Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. \'bdCapacity,\'b8
says H. Taylor, \'bdis requisite to devise, and
ability to execute, a great enterprise.\'b8 The word
abilities, in the plural, embraces both these
qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.
A*bime" or A*byme" (#),
n. [F. ab\'8cme. See
Abysm.] A abyss. [Obs.]
Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
(Biol.) The supposed origination of living
organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve
the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; -- called
also abiogeny, and opposed to
biogenesis.
I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be
produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of
abiogenesis.
Huxley, 1870.
Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic (#), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to abiogenesis.
Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ab`i*og"e*nist (#), n.
(Biol.) One who believes that life can be
produced independently of antecedent.
Huxley.
Ab`i*og"e*nous (#), a.
(Biol.) Produced by spontaneous generation.
Ab`i*og"e*ny (#), n.
(Biol.) Same as Abiogenesis.
Ab`i*o*log"ic*al (#), a. [Gr.
biological.] Pertaining to
the study of inanimate things.
Ab*ir"ri*tant (#), n.
(Med.) A medicine that diminishes
irritation.
Ab*ir"ri*tate (#), v. t. [Pref.
ab- + irritate.] (Med.)
To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.
Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion (#), n.
(Med.) A pathological condition opposite to that
of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia.
Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive (#), a.
(Med.) Characterized by abirritation or
debility.
A*bit" (#), 3d sing. pres. of
Abide. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ab"ject (#), a. [L.
abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away;
ab + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting
forth.] 1. Cast down; low-lying.
[Obs.]
From the safe shore their floating carcasses
And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown
Abject and lost lay these, covering the flood.
Milton.
2. Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope;
degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; as, abject
posture, fortune, thoughts. \'bdBase and
abject flatterers.\'b8 Addison. \'bdAn
abject liar.\'b8 Macaulay.
And banish hence these abject, lowly dreams.
Shak.
Syn. -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish;
ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.
Ab*ject" (#), v. t. [From
Abject, a.] To cast off or down;
hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase.
[Obs.]
Donne.
Ab"ject (#), n. A person in the
lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway.
[Obs.]
Shall these abjects, these victims, these outcasts,
know any thing of pleasure?
I. Taylor.
Ab*ject"ed*ness (#), n. A very
abject or low condition; abjectness. [R.]
Boyle.
Ab*jec"tion (#), n. [F.
abjection, L. abjectio.] 1.
The act of bringing down or humbling. \'bdThe
abjection of the king and his realm.\'b8
Joe.
2. The state of being rejected or cast out.
[R.]
An adjection from the beatific regions where God,
and his angels and saints, dwell forever.
Jer. Taylor.
3. A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit;
abasement; degradation.
That this should be termed baseness, abjection of
mind, or servility, is it credible?
Hooker.
Ab"ject*ly (#), adv. Meanly;
servilely.
Ab"ject*ness, n. The state of being
abject; abasement; meanness; servility.
Grew.
Ab*judge" (#), v. t. [Pref.
ab- + judge, v. Cf.
Abjudicate.] To take away by judicial
decision. [R.]
Ab*ju"di*cate (#), v. t. [L.
abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab +
judicare. See Judge, and cf.
Abjudge.] To reject by judicial sentence;
also, to abjudge. [Obs.]
Ash.
Ab*ju`di*ca"tion (#), n.
Rejection by judicial sentence. [R.]
Knowles.
Ab"ju*gate (#), v. t. [L.
abjugatus, p. p. of abjugare.]
To unyoke. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab*junc"tive (#), a. [L.
abjunctus, p. p. of abjungere; ab +
jungere to join.] Exceptional.
[R.]
It is this power which leads on from the accidental and
abjunctive to the universal.
I. Taylor.
Ab`ju*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
abjuratio: cf. F. abjuration.]
1. The act of abjuring or forswearing; a
renunciation upon oath; as, abjuration of the realm,
a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never
to return.
2. A solemn recantation or renunciation; as, an
abjuration of heresy.
Oath of abjuration, an oath asserting the
right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and
expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the
Pretender.
Brande & C.
Ab*ju"ra*to*ry (#), a.
Containing abjuration.
Ab*jure" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abjured
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abjuring
(#).] [L. abjurare to deny
upon oath; ab + jurare to swear, fr. jus,
juris, right, law; cf. F. abjurer. See
Jury.] 1. To renounce upon oath; to
forswear; to disavow; as, to abjure allegiance to a
prince. To abjure the realm, is to swear to
abandon it forever.
2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant;
to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; as, to
abjure errors. \'bdMagic I here
abjure.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- See Renounce.
Ab*jure", v. i. To renounce on
oath.
Bp. Burnet.
Ab*jure"ment (#), n.
Renunciation. [R.]
Ab*jur"er (#), n. One who
abjures.
Ab*lac"tate (#), v. t. [L.
ablactatus, p. p. of ablactare; ab +
lactare to suckle, fr. lac milk.] To
wean. [R.]
Bailey.
Ab`lac*ta"tion (#). n. 1.
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts
from their dam.
Blount.
2. (Hort.) The process of grafting now
called inarching, or grafting by
approach.
Ab*la"que*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ablaqueatus, p. p. of. ablaqueare; fr.
ab + laqueus a noose.] To lay bare, as the
roots of a tree. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab*la`que*a"tion (#), n. [L.
ablaqueatio.] The act or process of laying
bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and
water. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Ab`las*tem"ic (#), a. [Gr. (Biol.)
Non-germinal.
Ab*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ablatio, fr. ablatus p. p. of
auferre to carry away; ab + latus, p. p. of
ferre carry: cf. F. ablation. See
Tolerate.] 1. A carrying or taking
away; removal.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Med.) Extirpation.
Dunglison.
3. (Geol.) Wearing away; superficial
waste.
Tyndall.
Ab`la*ti"tious (#), a.
Diminishing; as, an ablatitious
force.
Sir J. Herschel.
Ab"la*tive (#), a. [F.
ablatif, ablative, L. ablativus
fr. ablatus. See Ablation.] 1.
Taking away or removing. [Obs.]
Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion,
ablative directions are found needful to unteach
error, ere we can learn truth.
Bp. Hall.
2. (Gram.) Applied to one of the cases
of the noun in Latin and some other languages, -- the fundamental
meaning of the case being removal,
separation, or taking away.
Ab"la*tive, (Gram.) The ablative
case.
ablative absolute, a construction in Latin, in
which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either
expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and
case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being
unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as,
Tarquinio regnante, Pythagoras venit, i. e.,
Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.
\'d8Ab"laut (#), n. [Ger.,
off-sound; ab off + laut sound.]
(Philol.) The substitution of one root vowel for
another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or
meaning; vowel permutation; as, get, gat,
got; sing, song; hang,
hung.
Earle.
<-- p. 5 -->
A*blaze" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + blaze.] 1. On
fire; in a blaze, gleaming.
Milman.
All ablaze with crimson and gold.
Longfellow.
2. In a state of glowing excitement or ardent
desire.
The young Cambridge democrats were all ablaze to
assist Torrijos.
Carlyle.
A"ble (#), a.
[Comp. Abler (#);
superl. Ablest (#).]
[OF. habile, L. habilis that may be
easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. habere to
have, hold. Cf. Habile and see Habit.]
1. Fit; adapted; suitable.
[Obs.]
A many man, to ben an abbot able.
Chaucer.
2. Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill,
means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object;
possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end;
competent; qualified; capable; as, an able workman,
soldier, seaman, a man able to work; a mind
able to reason; a person able to be generous;
able to endure pain; able to play on a
piano.
3. Specially: Having intellectual qualifications,
or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented;
clever; powerful; as, the ablest man in the senate;
an able speech.
No man wrote abler state papers.
Macaulay.
4. (Law) Legally qualified; possessed of
legal competence; as, able to inherit or devise
property.
Able for, is Scotticism. \'bdHardly able
for such a march.\'b8
Robertson.
Syn. -- Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective;
capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.
A"ble, v. t. [See Able,
a.] [Obs.] 1. To make
able; to enable; to strengthen.
Chaucer.
2. To vouch for. \'bdI 'll able
them.\'b8
Shak.
*a*ble (#). [F. -able, L.
-abilis.] An adjective suffix now usually
in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or
worthiness in a passive sense; as, movable, able to
be moved; amendable, able to be amended;
blamable, fit to be blamed; salable.
The form ible is used in the
same sense.
able instead of -ible. \'bdYet a rule may
be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then,
from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival
stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all
substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex -able
only.\'b8
Fitzed. Hall.
A`ble-bod"ied (#), a. Having a
sound, strong body; physically competent; robust.
\'bdAble-bodied vagrant.\'b8
Froude. -- A`ble-bod"ied*ness,
n..
Ab"le*gate (#), v. t. [L.
ablegatus, p. p. of ablegare; ab +
legare to send with a commission. See
Legate.] To send abroad.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab"le*gate (#), n. (R. C.
Ch.) A representative of the pope charged with
important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties
being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of
office.
Ab`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
ablegatio.] The act of sending
abroad. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
A`ble-mind"ed (#), a. Having much
intellectual power. --
A`ble-mind"ed*ness, n.
A"ble*ness (#), n. Ability of
body or mind; force; vigor. [Obs. or R.]
Ab"lep*sy (#), n. [Gr. Blindness.
[R.]
Urquhart.
A"bler (#), a.,
comp. of Able. --
A"blest (#), a.,
superl. of Able.
Ab"let (#), Ab"len [F.
ablet, ablette, a dim. fr. LL.
abula, for albula, dim. of albus
white. Cf. Abele.] (Zo\'94l.) A
small fresh-water fish (Leuciscus alburnus); the
bleak.
Ab"li*gate (#), v. t. [L.
ab + ligatus, p. p. of ligare to
tie.] To tie up so as to hinder from.
[Obs.]
Ab*lig`u*ri"tion (#), n. [L.
abligurito, fr. abligurire to spend in
luxurious indulgence; ab + ligurire to be lickerish,
dainty, fr. lingere to lick.] Prodigal
expense for food. [Obs.]
Bailey.
A"blins (#), adv. [See
Able.] Perhaps. [Scot.]
A*bloom" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + bloom.] In or into bloom;
in a blooming state.
Masson.
Ab*lude" (#), v. t. [L.
abludere; ab + ludere to play.]
To be unlike; to differ. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Ab"lu*ent (#), a. [L.
abluens, p. pr. of. abluere to wash away;
ab + luere (lavere, lavare). See
Lave.] Washing away; carrying off impurities;
detergent. -- n. (Med.)
A detergent.
A*blush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + blush.] Blushing;
ruddy.
Ab*lu`tion (#), n. [L.
ablutio, fr. abluere: cf. F.
ablution. See Abluent.] 1.
The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing
of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.
2. The water used in cleansing. \'bdCast the
ablutions in the main.\'b8
Pope.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A small quantity of wine
and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index
finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing
portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the
priest.
Ab*lu"tion*a*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to ablution.
Ab*lu"vi*on (#), n. [LL.
abluvio. See Abluent.] That which
is washed off. [R.]
Dwight.
A"bly (#), adv. In an able
manner; with great ability; as, ably done, planned,
said.
-a*bly(#). A suffix composed of
-able and the adverbial suffix -ly; as,
favorably.
Ab"ne*gate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abnegated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abnegating.] [L.
abnegatus,p. p. of abnegare; ab +
negare to deny. See Deny.] To deny and
reject; to abjure.
Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.
Ab`ne*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
abnegatio: cf. F. abn\'82gation.]
a denial; a renunciation.
With abnegation of God, of his honor, and of
religion, they may retain the friendship of the court.
Knox.
Ab"ne*ga*tive (#), a. [L.
abnegativus.] Denying; renouncing;
negative. [R.]
Clarke.
Ab"ne*ga`tor(#), n. [L.] One
who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything.
[R.]
\'d8Ab"net (#), n. [Heb.]
The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.
Ab"no*date (#), v. t. [L.
abnodatus, p. p. of abnodare; ab +
nodus knot.] To clear (tress) from knots.
[R.]
Blount.
Ab`no*da"tion (#), n. The act
of cutting away the knots of trees. [R.]
Crabb.
Ab*nor"mal (#), a. [For earlier
anormal.F. anormal, LL.
anormalus for anomalus, Gr. abnormis. See Anomalous,
Abnormous, Anormal.] Not conformed
to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous;
irregular. \'bdThat deviating from the type; anomalous;
irregular. \'b8
Froude.
Ab`nor*mal"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Abnormalities (#). 1. The
state or quality of being abnormal; variation;
irregularity.
Darwin.
2. Something abnormal.
Ab*nor"mal*ly (#), adv. In an
abnormal manner; irregularly.
Darwin.
Ab*nor"mi*ty (#), n.; pl.
Abnormities (#). [LL.
abnormitas. See Abnormous.]
Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity;
monstrosity. \'bdAn abnormity . . . like a calf
born with two heads.\'b8
Mrs. Whitney.
Ab*nor"mous (#), a. [L.
abnormis; ab + norma rule. See
Normal.] Abnormal; irregular.
Hallam.
A character of a more abnormous cast than his
equally suspected coadjutor.
State Trials.
A*board" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- on, in + board.]
On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or
within a railway car.
2. Alongside; as, close
aboard.
Naut.: To fall aboard of, to strike
a ship's side; to fall foul of. -- To haul the tacks
aboard, to set the courses. -- To keep the
land aboard, to hug the shore. -- To lay (a
ship) aboard, to place one's own ship close alongside
of (a ship) for fighting.
A*board", prep. 1. On board of;
as, to go aboard a ship.
2. Across; athwart. [Obs.]
Nor iron bands aboard
The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast.
Spenser.
A*bod"ance (#), n. [See
Bode.] An omen; a portending.
[Obs.]
A*bode" (#), pret. of
Abide.
A*bode", n. [OE. abad,
abood, fr. abiden to abide. See
Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode,
imp. of abide.] 1. Act of waiting;
delay. [Obs.]
Shak.
And with her fled away without abode.
Spenser.
2. Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn.
He waxeth at your abode here.
Fielding.
3. Place of continuance, or where one dwells;
abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation.
Come, let me lead you to our poor abode.
Wordsworth.
A*bode", n. [See Bode, v.
t.] An omen. [Obs.]
High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true
abodes.
Chapman.
A*bode", v. t. To bode; to
foreshow. [Obs.]
Shak.
A*bode", v. i. To be ominous.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
A*bode"ment (#), n. A
foreboding; an omen. [Obs.]
\'bdAbodements must not now affright us.\'b8
Shak.
A*bod"ing (#), n. A
foreboding. [Obs.]
A*bol"ish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abolished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abolishing.] [F. abolir, L.
abolere, aboletum; ab + olere to
grow. Cf. Finish.]
1. To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void;
-- said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.;
as, to abolish slavery, to abolish
folly.
2. To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical
objects; to wipe out. [Archaic]
And with thy blood abolish so reproachful blot.
Spenser.
His quick instinctive hand
Caught at the hilt, as to abolish him.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- To Abolish, Repeal,
Abrogate, Revoke, Annul,
Nullify, Cancel. These words have
in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act.
Abolish applies particularly to things of a permanent
nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to
abolish monopolies, serfdom, slavery.
Repeal describes the act by which the legislature of a
state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted.
Abrogate was originally applied to the repeal of a law
by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was
usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to their
act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act
by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws,
ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc.
Revoke denotes the act or recalling some previous
grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to revoke
a decree, to revoke a power of attorney, a promise,
etc. Thus, also, we speak of the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes. Annul is used in a more general
sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to annul a
contract, to annul an agreement. Nullify is
an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting
of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to
nullify an act of Congress. Cancel is to
strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something
which has operative force.
A*bol"ish*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
abolissable.] Capable of being
abolished.
A*bol"ish*er (#), n. One who
abolishes.
A*bol"ish*ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
abolissement.] The act of abolishing;
abolition; destruction.
Hooker.
Ab"o*li"tion (#), n. [L.
abolitio, fr. abolere: cf. F.
abolition. See Abolish.] The act
of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling;
abrogation; utter destruction; as, the abolition of
slavery or the slave trade; the abolition of laws,
decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc.
Ab`o*li"tion*ism (#), n. The
principles or measures of abolitionists.
Wilberforce.
Ab`o*li"tion*ist, n. A person who favors
the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery.
Ab`o*li`tion*ize (#), v. t. To
imbue with the principles of abolitionism.
[R.]
Bartlett.
\'d8A*bo"ma (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large South American serpent
(Boa aboma).
{ \'d8Ab`o*ma"sum (#),
\'d8Ab`o*ma"sus (#), } n.
[NL., fr. L. ab + omasum (a Celtic
word.] (Anat.) The fourth or digestive stomach
of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach
omasum. See Ruminantia.
A*bom"i*na*ble (#), a. [F.
abominable. L. abominalis. See
Abominate.] 1. Worthy of, or
causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the
utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome;
execrable.
2. Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive.
[Obs.]
bomynable syght of monkes\'b8 was
elegant English for \'bda large company of friars.\'b8
G. P. Marsh.
A*bom"i*na*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being abominable; odiousness.
Bentley.
A*bom"i*na*bly (#), adv. In an
abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.
A*bom"i*nate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abominated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abominating.] [L.
abominatus, p. p. or abominari to deprecate
as ominous, to abhor, to curse; ab + omen a
foreboding. See Omen.] To turn from as
ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious
dread; loathe; as, to abominate all
impiety.
Syn. -- To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See
Hate.
A*bom`i*na"tion (#), n. [OE.
abominacioun, -cion, F.
abominatio. See Abominate.] 1.
The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence;
detestation; loathing; as, he holds tobacco in
abomination.
2. That which is abominable; anything hateful,
wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites
disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution.
Antony, most large in his abominations.
Shak.
3. A cause of pollution or wickedness.
Syn. -- Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust;
aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness.
Sir W. Scott.
A*boon" (#), prep. and
adv. Above. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Aboon the pass of Bally-Brough.
Sir W. Scott.
The ceiling fair that rose aboon.
J. R. Drake.
Ab*o"ral (#), a. [L.
ab. + E. oral.] (Zo\'94l.)
Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.
\'d8A*bord" (#), n. [F.]
Manner of approaching or accosting; address.
Chesterfield.
A*bord" (#), v. t. [F.
aborder, \'85 (L. ad) +
bord rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See
Border, Board.] To approach; to
accost. [Obs.]
Digby.
Ab`o*rig"i*nal (#), a. [See
Aborigines.]
1. First; original; indigenous; primitive; native;
as, the aboriginal tribes of America.
\'bdMantled o'er with aboriginal turf.\'b8
Wordsworth.
2. Of or pertaining to aborigines; as, a Hindoo
of aboriginal blood.
Ab`o*rig"i*nal, n. 1. An
original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.
2. An animal or a plant native to the region.
It may well be doubted whether this frog is an
aboriginal of these islands.
Darwin.
Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being aboriginal.
Westm. Rev.
Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly (#), adv.
Primarily.
Ab`o*rig"i*ness (#), n. pl. [L.
Aborigines; ab + origo, especially the
first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (ab
origine) inhabited Latium or Italy. See
Origin.] 1. The earliest known
inhabitants of a country; native races.
2. The original fauna and flora of a geographical
area
A*borse"ment (#), n. Abortment;
abortion. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
A*bor"sive (#), a.
Abortive. [Obs.]
Fuller.
A*bort" (#), v. i. [L.
abortare, fr. abortus, p. p. of
aboriri; ab + oriri to rise, to be born.
See Orient.]
1. To miscarry; to bring forth young
prematurely.
2. (Biol.) To become checked in normal
development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away
wholly; to become sterile.
A*bort", n. [L. abortus, fr.
aboriri.] 1. An untimely
birth. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
2. An aborted offspring. [Obs.]
Holland.
A*bort"ed, a. 1. Brought forth
prematurely.
2. (Biol.) Rendered abortive or sterile;
undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage;
as, spines are aborted branches.
The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less aborted
in their mature state.
Owen.
A*bor"ti*cide (#), n. [L.
abortus + caedere to kill. See Abort.]
(Med.) The act of destroying a fetus in the womb;
feticide.
A*bor`ti*fa"cient (#), a. [L.
abortus (see Abort, v.) +
faciens, p. pr. of facere to make.]
Producing miscarriage. -- n. A drug
or an agent that causes premature delivery.
A*bor"tion (#), n. [L.
abortio, fr. aboriri. See
Abort.] 1. The act of giving
premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus
prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life;
miscarriage.
abortion, \'bdcausing or procuring
abortion\'b8 is the full name of the offense.
Abbott.
<-- p. 6 -->
2. The immature product of an untimely birth.
3. (Biol.) Arrest of development of any
organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is
absorbed.
4. Any fruit or produce that does not come to
maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured
or perfect; a complete failure; as, his attempt. proved
an abortiori.
A*bor"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive.
Carlyle.
A*bor"tion*ist, n. One who procures
abortion or miscarriage.
A*bor"tive (#), a. [L.
abortivus, fr. aboriri. See Abort,
v.] 1. Produced by abortion; born
prematurely; as, an abortive child.
[R.]
2. Made from the skin of a still-born animal;
as, abortive vellum. [Obs.]
3. Rendering fruitless or ineffectual.
[Obs.] \'bdPlunged in that abortive
gulf.\'b8
Milton.
4. Coming to naught; failing in its effect;
miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; as, an
abortive attempt. \'bdAn abortive
enterprise.\'b8
Prescott.
5. (Biol.) Imperfectly formed or
developed; rudimentary; sterile; as, an abortive
organ, stamen, ovule, etc.
6. (Med.) (a) Causing abortion;
as, abortive medicines. Parr.
(b) Cutting short; as, abortive
treatment of typhoid fever.
A*bor"tive, n. 1. That which is
born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. A fruitless effort or issue.
[Obs.]
3. A medicine to which is attributed the property
of causing abortion.<-- now usu. abortifacient. -->
Dunglison.
A*bor"tive*ly, adv. In an abortive or
untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.
A*bor"tive*ness, n. The quality of being
abortive.
A*bort"ment (#), n.
Abortion. [Obs.]
A*bought" (#), imp. & p. p. of
Aby. [Obs.]
A*bound" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abounded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abounding.] [OE.
abounden, F. abonder, fr. L.
abundare to overflow, abound; ab + unda
wave. Cf. Undulate.] 1. To be in
great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.
The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the
continent of Europe.
Chambers.
Where sin abounded grace did much more
abound.
Rom. v. 20.
2. To be copiously supplied; -- followed by
in or with.
To abound in, to posses in such abundance as
to be characterized by. -- To abound with, to
be filled with; to possess in great numbers.
Men abounding in natural courage.
Macaulay.
A faithful man shall abound with blessings.
Prov. xxviii. 20.
It abounds with cabinets of curiosities.
Addison.
A*bout" (#), prep. [OE.
aboute, abouten, abuten; AS.
\'bebutan, onbutan; on + butan,
which is from be by + utan outward, from
ut out. See But, Out.]
1. Around; all round; on every side of.
\'bdLook about you.\'b8 Shak. \'bdBind them
about thy neck.\'b8 Prov. iii. 3.
2. In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity
or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's
person). \'bdHave you much money about you?\'b8
Bulwer.
3. Over or upon different parts of; through or over
in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in;
throughout.
Lampoons . . . were handed about the
coffeehouses.
Macaulay.
Roving still about the world.
Milton.
4. Near; not far from; -- determining approximately
time, size, quantity. \'bdTo-morrow, about
this time.\'b8 Exod. ix. 18. \'bdAbout my
stature.\'b8 Shak.
He went out about the third hour.
Matt. xx. 3.
5. In concern with; engaged in; intent on.
I must be about my Father's business.
Luke ii. 49.
6. Before a verbal noun or an infinitive:
On the point or verge of; going; in act of.
Paul was now aboutto open his mouth.
Acts xviii. 14.
7. Concerning; with regard to; on account of;
touching. \'bdTo treat about thy ransom.\'b8
Milton.
She must have her way about Sarah.
Trollope.
A*bout", adv. 1. On all sides;
around.
'Tis time to look about.
Shak.
2. In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way;
around the outside; as, a mile about, and a third of
a mile across.
3. Here and there; around; in one place and
another.
Wandering about from house to house.
1 Tim. v. 13.
4. Nearly; approximately; with close
correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; as,
about as cold; about as high; -- also of
quantity, number, time. \'bdThere fell . . .
about three thousand men.\'b8
Exod. xxii. 28.
5. To a reserved position; half round; in the
opposite direction; on the opposite tack; as, to face
about; to turn one's self about.
To bring about, to cause to take place; to
accomplish. -- To come about, to occur; to
take place. See under Come. -- To go
about, To set about, to undertake; to
arrange; to prepare. \'bdShall we set about some
revels? Shak. -- Round about, in
every direction around.
A*bout"-sledge" (#), n. The
largest hammer used by smiths.
Weale.
A*bove" (#), prep. [OE.
above, aboven, abuffe, AS.
abufon; an (or on) on +
be by + ufan upward; cf. Goth.
uf under. \'fb199. See Over.]
1. In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over
the upper surface; over; -- opposed to below or
beneath.
Fowl that may fly above the earth.
Gen. i. 20.
2. Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any
respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than;
as, things above comprehension; above mean
actions; conduct above reproach. \'bdThy
worth . . . is actions above my gifts.\'b8
Marlowe.
I saw in the way a light from heaven above the
brightness of the sun.
Acts xxxvi. 13.
3. Surpassing in number or quantity; more than;
as, above a hundred. (Passing into the
adverbial sense. See Above, adv., 4.)
above all, before every other consideration;
chiefly; in preference to other things.
Over and above, prep. or adv.,
besides; in addition to.
A*bove" (#), adv. 1.
In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; as,
the clouds above.
2. Earlier in order; higher in the same page;
hence, in a foregoing page. \'bdThat was said
above.\'b8
Dryden.
3. Higher in rank or power; as, he appealed to
the court above.
4. More than; as, above five hundred
were present.
Above is often used elliptically as an adjective
by omitting the word mentioned, quoted, or
the like; as, the above observations, the
above reference, the above articles. --
Above is also used substantively. \'bdThe waters that
come down from above.\'b8
Josh. iii. 13.
It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of
before, previously; as,
above-cited, above-described,
above-mentioned, above-named,
abovesaid, abovespecified,
above-written, above-given.
A*bove"board` (#), adv. Above
the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick,
concealment, or deception. \'bdFair and
aboveboard.\'b8
Burke.
A*bove"-cit`ed (#), a. Cited
before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.
A*bove"deck` (#), a. On deck;
and hence, like aboveboard, without artifice.
Smart.
A*bove"-men`tioned (#),
A*bove"-named`(#), a.
Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.
A*bove"said` (#), a. Mentioned
or recited before.
A*box" (#), adv. & a.
(Naut.) Braced aback.
Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra (#), n. [L. Of
unknown origin.] A mystical word or collocation of
letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was
supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly
in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon.
Ab*ra"dant (#), n. A material
used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.
Ab*rade" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abraded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Abrading.] [L.
abradere, abrasum, to scrape off; ab +
radere to scrape. See Rase, Raze.]
To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction;
as, to abrade rocks.
Lyell.
A*brade" (#), v. t. Same as
Abraid. [Obs.]
A`bra*ham"ic (#), a. Pertaining
to Abraham, the patriarch; as, the Abrachamic
covenant.
A`bra*ham*it"ic, *ic*al(#),
a. Relating to the patriarch Abraham.
A"bra*ham-man`(#) or
A"bram-man`(#), n.
[Possibly in allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus
in Luke xvi. Murray (New Eng. Dict. ).] One
of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England,
feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms.
Nares.
To sham Abraham, to feign sickness.
Goldsmith.
A*braid" (#), v. t. & i. [OE.
abraiden, to awake, draw (a sword), AS.
\'bebredgan to shake, draw; pref. \'be-
(cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + bregdan to shake, throw. See
Braid.] To awake; to arouse; to stir or start
up; also, to shout out. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*bran"chi*al (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Abranchiate.
\'d8A*bran`chi*a"ta (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of annelids, so
called because the species composing it have no special organs of
respiration.
A*bran"chi*ate (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Without gills.
Ab*rase" (#), a. [L.
abrasus, p. p. of abradere. See
Abrade.] Rubbed smooth.
[Obs.] \'bdAn abrase table.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Ab*ra"sion (#), n. [L.
abrasio, fr. abradere. See
Abrade.] 1. The act of abrading,
wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; as,
the abrasion of coins.
2. The substance rubbed off.
Berkeley.
3. (Med.) A superficial excoriation,
with loss of substance under the form of small shreds.
Dunglison.
Ab*ra"sive (#), a. Producing
abrasion.
Ure.
A*braum" or A*braum" salts
(#), n. [Ger., fr.
abr\'84umen to remove.] A red ocher used to
darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.
\'d8A*brax"as (#), n. [A name
adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek
letters \'3ca\'3e, \'3cb\'3e, \'3cr\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cx\'3e,
\'3ca\'3e, \'3cs\'3e, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was
used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of
his system.] A mystical word used as a charm and
engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus
engraved.
A*bray" (#), v. [A false form
from the preterit abraid, abrayde.]
See Abraid. [Obs.]
Spenser.
A*breast" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + breast.] 1. Side
by side, with breasts in a line; as, \'bdTwo men could hardly
walk abreast.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. (Naut.) Side by side; also, opposite;
over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; -- with
of.
3. Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced;
as, to keep abreast of [or with] the present state
of science.
4. At the same time; simultaneously.
[Obs.]
Abreast therewith began a convocation.
Fuller.
A*breg"ge (#), v. t. See
Abridge. [Obs.]
Ab`re*nounce" (#), v. t. [L.
abrenuntiare; ab + renuntiare. See
Renounce.] To renounce.
[Obs.] \'bdThey abrenounce and cast them
off.\'b8
Latimer.
Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion (#), n.
[LL. abrenuntiatio. See
Abrenounce.] Absolute renunciation or
repudiation. [Obs.]
An abrenunciation of that truth which he so long
had professed, and still believed.
Fuller.
Ab*rep"tion (#), n. [L.
abreptus, p. p. of abripere to snatch away;
ab + rapere to snatch.] A snatching
away. [Obs.]
\'d8A`breu`voir" (#), n. [F., a
watering place.] (Masonry) The joint or
interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar.
Gwilt.
A"bri*cock (#), n. See
Apricot. [Obs.]
A*bridge" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abridged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abridging.] [OE. abregen,
OF. abregier, F. abr\'82ger, fr. L.
abbreviare; ad + brevis short. See
Brief and cf. Abbreviate.] 1.
To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to
diminish; to curtail; as, to abridge labor; to
abridge power or rights. \'bdThe bridegroom .
. . abridged his visit.\'b8
Smollett.
She retired herself to Sebaste, and abridged her
train from state to necessity.
Fuller.
2. To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet
retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; as, to
abridge a history or dictionary.
3. To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by
of, and formerly by from; as, to
abridge one of his rights.
A*bridg"er (#), n. One who
abridges.
A*bridg"ment (#), n. [OE.
abregement. See Abridge.] 1.
The act abridging, or the state of being abridged;
diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; as, an
abridgment of pleasures or of expenses.
2. An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened
or abridged form; an abbreviation.
Ancient coins as abridgments of history.
Addison.
3. That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an
entertainment that makes the time pass quickly.
[Obs.]
What abridgment have you for this evening? What
mask? What music?
Shak.
Syn. -- Abridgment, Compendium,
Epitome, Abstract, Synopsis.
An abridgment is made by omitting the less
important parts of some larger work; as, an abridgment
of a dictionary. A compendium is a brief exhibition of
a subject, or science, for common use; as, a
compendium of American literature. An
epitome corresponds to a compendium, and
gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an
epitome of history. An abstract is a brief
statement of a thing in its main points. A synopsis is
a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several
parts.
A*broach" (#), v. t. [OE.
abrochen, OF. abrochier. See
Broach.] To set abroach; to let out, as
liquor; to broach; to tap. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*broach", adv. [Pref. a- +
broach.] 1. Broached; in a
condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is
tapped.
Hogsheads of ale were set abroach.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated;
afoot; astir. \'bdMischiefs that I set
abroach.\'b8
Shak.
A*broad" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + broad.] 1. At
large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; as, a tree spreads
its branches abroad.
The fox roams far abroad.
Prior.
2. Without a certain confine; outside the house;
away from one's abode; as, to walk
abroad.
I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court
abroad.
Evelyn.
3. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign
countries; as, we have broils at home and enemies
abroad. \'bdAnother prince . . . was living
abroad.\'b8
Macaulay.
4. Before the public at large; throughout society
or the world; here and there; widely.
He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze
abroad the matter.
Mark i. 45.
To be abroad. (a) To be wide of the
mark; to be at fault; as, you are all abroad in your
guess. (b) To be at a loss or nonplused.
Ab"ro*ga*ble (#), a. Capable of
being abrogated.
Ab"ro*gate (#), a. [L.
abrogatus, p. p.]
Abrogated; abolished. [Obs.]
Latimer.
Ab"ro*gate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abrogated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abrogating.] [L.
abrogatus, p. p. of abrogare; ab +
rogare to ask, require, propose. See
Rogation.] 1. To annul by an
authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or
his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws,
decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.
Let us see whether the New Testament abrogates what
we so frequently see in the Old.
South.
Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not
alter or abrogate.
Burke.
2. To put an end to; to do away with.
Shak.
Syn. -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke;
repeal; cancel; annihilate. See Abolish.
Ab`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
abrogatio, fr. abrogare: cf. F.
abrogation.] The act of abrogating; repeal
by authority.
Hume.
Ab"ro*ga*tive (#), a. Tending
or designed to abrogate; as, an abrogative
law.
Ab"ro*ga`tor (#), n. One who
repeals by authority.
A*brood" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + brood.] In the act of
brooding. [Obs.]
Abp. Sancroft.
A*brook" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + brook, v.] To brook; to
endure. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ab*rupt" (#), a. [L.
abruptus, p. p. of abrumpere to break off;
ab + rumpere to break. See Rupture.]
1. Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks,
precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; as, abrupt
places. \'bdTumbling through ricks
abrupt,\'b8
Thomson.
2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the
event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. \'bdThe cause of your
abrupt departure.\'b8
Shak.
3. Having sudden transitions from one subject to
another; unconnected.
The abrupt style, which hath many breaches.
B. Jonson.
<-- p. 7 -->
<-- end of search for ? marks 11-30-94 -->
4. (Bot.) Suddenly terminating, as if
cut off.
Gray.
Syn. -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt;
unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.
Ab*rupt" (#), n. [L.
abruptum.] An abrupt place.
[Poetic] \'bdOver the vast
abrupt.\'b8
Milton.
Ab*rupt", v. t. To tear off or
asunder. [Obs.] \'bdTill death
abrupts them.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*rup"tion (#), n. [L.
abruptio, fr. abrumpere: cf. F.
abruption.] A sudden breaking off; a
violent separation of bodies.
Woodward.
Ab*rupt"ly, adv. 1. In an
abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms;
suddenly.
2. Precipitously.
Abruptly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate
without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end.
Gray.
Ab*rupt"ness, n. 1. The state
of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness;
steepness.
2. Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence;
as, abruptness of style or manner.
Ab"scess (#), n.; pl.
Abscesses (#). [L.
abscessus a going away, gathering of humors, abscess,
fr. abscessus, p. p. of absedere to go
away; ab, abs + cedere to go
off, retire. See Cede.] (Med.) A
collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of
the body, the result of a morbid process.
Cold abscess, an abscess of slow formation,
unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary
abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency
towards healing; a chronic abscess.
Ab*sces"sion (#), n. [L.
abscessio a separation; fr. absedere. See
Abscess.] A separating; removal; also, an
abscess. [Obs.]
Gauden. Barrough.
Ab*scind" (#), v. t. [L.
absindere; ab + scindere to rend, cut. See
Schism.] To cut off. [R.]
\'bdTwo syllables . . . abscinded from the rest.\'b8
Johnson.
Ab*sci"sion (#), n. [L.
abscisio.] See Abscission.
Ab"sciss (#), n.; pl.
Abscisses (#). See
Abscissa.
Ab*scis"sa (#), n.; E. pl.
Abscissas, L. pl. Absciss\'91.
[L., fem. of abscissus, p. p. of
absindere to cut of. See Abscind.]
(Geom.) One of the elements of reference by which
a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed
rectilineal co\'94rdinate axes. When referred to two
intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or
of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the
abscissa of the point is the distance cut off from the
axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of
Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a
common intersection, the abscissa may be the distance
measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane
of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are
called co\'94rdinates. -- OX or PY is the abscissa of
the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting
lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates
respectively, and the point O their origin.
Ab*scis"sion (#), n. [L.
abscissio. See Abscind.] 1.
The act or process of cutting off. \'bdNot to be cured
without the abscission of a member.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
2. The state of being cut off.
Sir T. Browne.
3. (Rhet.) A figure of speech employed
when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus,
\'bdHe is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such
generosity -- but I need say no more.\'b8
Ab*scond" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Absconded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Absconding.] [L.
abscondere to hide; ab, abs +
condere to lay up; con + d\'ddre (only in comp.)
to put. Cf. Do.] 1. To hide,
withdraw, or be concealed.
The marmot absconds all winter.
Ray.
2. To depart clandestinely; to steal off and
secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to
avoid a legal process; as, an absconding
debtor.
That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so
many recruits to abscond.
Macaulay.
Ab*scond", v. t. To hide; to
conceal. [Obs.]
Bentley.
Ab*scond"ence (#), n. Fugitive
concealment; secret retirement; hiding. [R.]
Phillips.
Ab*scond"er (#), n. One who
absconds.
Ab"sence (#), n. [F., fr. L.
absentia. See Absent.] 1.
A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from
companionship; -- opposed to presence.
Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my
absence.
Phil. ii. 12.
2. Want; destitution; withdrawal. \'bdIn the
absence of conventional law.\'b8
Kent.
3. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of
mind); as, absence of mind.
\'bdReflecting on the little absences and distractions
of mankind.\'b8
Addison.
To conquer that abstraction which is called
absence.
Landor.
Ab"sent (#), a. [F., fr.
absens, absentis, p. pr. of
abesse to be away from; ab + esse to be.
Cf. Sooth.] 1. Being away from a
place; withdrawn from a place; not present. \'bdExpecting
absent friends.\'b8
Shak.
2. Not existing; lacking; as, the part was
rudimental or absent.
3. Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded;
preoccupied; as, an absent air.
What is commonly called an absent man is commonly
either a very weak or a very affected man.
Chesterfield.
Syn. -- Absent, Abstracted.
These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding
objects. We speak of a man as absent when his thoughts
wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse;
we speak of him as abstracted when his mind (usually
for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some
weighty matter for reflection. Absence of mind is
usually the result of loose habits of thought;
abstraction commonly arises either from engrossing
interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of
association.
Ab*sent" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Absented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Absenting.] [Cf. F.
absenter.] 1. To take or withdraw
(one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; --
used with the reflexive pronoun.
If after due summons any member absents himself, he
is to be fined.
Addison.
2. To withhold from being present.
[Obs.] \'bdGo; for thy stay, not free,
absents thee more.\'b8
Milton.
Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous (#), a. [LL.
absentaneus. See absent]
Pertaining to absence. [Obs.]
Ab`sen*ta"tion (#), n. The act
of absenting one's self.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Ab`sen*tee" (#), n. One who
absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty;
especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district
than that where his estate is situated; as, an Irish
absentee.
Macaulay.
Ab`sen*tee"ism (#), n. The
state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting
one's self from the country or district where one's estate is
situated.
Ab*sent"er (#), n. One who
absents one's self.
Ab"sent*ly (#), adv. In an
absent or abstracted manner.
Ab*sent"ment (#), n. The state
of being absent; withdrawal. [R.]
Barrow.
Ab`sent-mind"ed(#), a. Absent
in mind; abstracted; preoccupied. --
Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness, n. --
Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly, adv.
Ab"sent*ness (#), n. The
quality of being absent-minded.
H. Miller.
Ab"sey-book`(#), n. An A-B-C
book; a primer. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ab"sin"thate (#), n.
(Chem.) A combination of absinthic acid with a
base or positive radical.
{ Ab"sinth`, Ab"sinthe` }
(#), n. [F. absinthe. See
Absinthium.] 1. The plant absinthium
or common wormwood.
2. A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood
and brandy or alcohol.
Ab*sin"thi*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.
Ab*sin"thi*an (#), n. Of the
nature of wormwood. \'bdAbsinthian
bitterness.\'b8
T. Randolph.
Ab"sin"thi*ate (#), v. t. [From
L. absinthium: cf. L. absinthiatus,
a.] To impregnate with wormwood.
Ab*sin"thi*a`ted (#), a.
Impregnated with wormwood; as, absinthiated
wine.
Ab*sin"thic (#), a.
(Chem.) Relating to the common wormwood or to an
acid obtained from it.
Ab*sin"thin (#), n.
(Chem.) The bitter principle of wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium).
Watts.
Ab"sin*thism (#), n. The
condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of
absinth.
Ab*sin"thi*um (#), n. [L., from
Gr. (Bot.) The common wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium), an intensely bitter plant,
used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.
Ab"sis (#), n. See
Apsis.
Ab*sist" (#), v. i. [L.
absistere, p. pr. absistens; ab +
sistere to stand, causal of stare.]
To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist.
[Obs.]
Raleigh.
Ab*sist"ence (#), n. A standing
aloof. [Obs.]
Ab"so*lute (#), a. [L.
absolutus, p. p. of absolvere: cf. F.
absolu. See Absolve.] 1.
Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled;
unrestricted; unconditional; as, absolute authority,
monarchy, sovereignty, an absolute promise or command;
absolute power; an absolute monarch.
2. Complete in itself; perfect; consummate;
faultless; as, absolute perfection;
absolute beauty.
So absolute she seems,
And in herself complete.
Milton.
3. Viewed apart from modifying influences or
without comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed
to relative and comparative;
as, absolute motion; absolute time or
space.
Absolute rights and duties are such as pertain
to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from
relative rights and duties, or such as pertain to him
in his social relations.
4. Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on
any other being; self-existent; self-sufficing.
the Absolute
by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the
universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of
relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as
dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually
depending forces and their laws.
5. Capable of being thought or conceived by itself
alone; unconditioned; non-relative.
the absolute, as thus defined,
can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.
To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the
recent philosophy of the absolute.
Sir W. Hamilton.
6. Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful.
[R.]
I am absolute 't was very Cloten.
Shak.
7. Authoritative; peremptory.
[R.]
The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head,
With absolute forefinger, brown and ringed.
Mrs. Browning.
8. (Chem.) Pure; unmixed; as,
absolute alcohol.
9. (Gram.) Not immediately dependent on
the other parts of the sentence in government; as, the case
absolute. See Ablative absolute, under
Ablative.
Absolute curvature (Geom.), that
curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in
the osculating plane of the curve. -- Absolute
equation (Astron.), the sum of the optic and
eccentric equations. -- Absolute space
(Physics), space considered without relation to
material limits or objects. -- Absolute terms.
(Alg.), such as are known, or which do not contain
the unknown quantity. Davies & Peck. --
Absolute temperature (Physics), the
temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general
thermo-dynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute
zero. -- Absolute zero (Physics),
the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute
temperature. It is equivalent to -273
Syn. -- Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional;
unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic;
autocratic.
Ab"so*lute (#), n.
(Geom.) In a plane, the two imaginary circular
points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary
circle at infinity.
Ab"so*lute*ly, adv. In an absolute,
independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively.
Ab"so*lute*ness, n. The quality of being
absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness;
absolute power; independent reality; positiveness.
Ab`so*lu"tion (#), n. [F.
absolution, L. absolutio, fr.
absolvere to absolve. See Absolve.]
1. An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin,
or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. \'bdGovernment . . .
granting absolution to the nation.\'b8
Froude.
2. (Civil Law) An acquittal, or sentence
of a judge declaring and accused person innocent.
[Obs.]
3. (R. C. Ch.) The exercise of priestly
jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics
believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven.
4. (Eccl.) An absolving from
ecclesiastical penalties, -- for example, excommunication.
P. Cyc.
5. The form of words by which a penitent is
absolved.
Shipley.
6. Delivery, in speech. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Absolution day (R. C. Ch.), Tuesday
before Easter.
Ab"so*lu`tism (#), n. 1.
The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the
absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary
government; despotism.
The element of absolutism and prelacy was
controlling.
Palfrey.
2. (Theol.) Doctrine of absolute
decrees.
Ash.
Ab"so*lu`tist (#), n. 1.
One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic
government.
2. (Metaph.) One who believes that it is
possible to realize a cognition or concept of the
absolute.
Sir. W. Hamilton.
Ab"so*lu`tist, a. Of or pertaining to
absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; as, absolutist
principles.
Ab`so*lu*tis"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.
Ab*sol"u*to*ry (#), a. [L.
absolutorius, fr. absolvere to
absolve.] Serving to absolve; absolving. \'bdAn
absolutory sentence.\'b8
Ayliffe.
Ab*solv"a*ble (#), a. That may
be absolved.
Ab*solv"a*to*ry (#), a.
Conferring absolution; absolutory.
Ab*solve" (#; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Absolved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Absolving.] [L. absolvere to
set free, to absolve; ab + solvere to loose. See
Assoil, Solve.] 1. To set
free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or
responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as
it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; as,
to absolve a subject from his allegiance; to
absolve an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and
remission of his punishment.
Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen.
Macaulay.
2. To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a
sin); -- said of the sin or guilt.
In his name I absolve your perjury.
Gibbon.
3. To finish; to accomplish.
[Obs.]
The work begun, how soon absolved.
Milton.
4. To resolve or explain. [Obs.]
\'bdWe shall not absolve the doubt.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Syn. -- To Absolve, Exonerate,
Acquit. We speak of a man as
absolved from something that binds his conscience, or
involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to absolve from
allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We
speak of a person as exonerated, when he is released
from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to
exonerate from suspicion, to exonerate from
blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of
a person as acquitted, when a decision has been made
in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a
jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was acquitted
of all participation in the crime.
Ab*solv"ent (#), a. [L.
absolvens, p. pr. of absolvere.]
Absolving. [R.]
Carlyle.
Ab*solv"ent, n. An absolver.
[R.]
Hobbes.
Ab*solv"er (#), n. One who
absolves.
Macaulay.
Ab"so*nant (#), a. [L. ab
+ sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.]
Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to
consonant. \'bdAbsonant to
nature.\'b8
Quarles.
Ab"so*nous (#), a. [L.
absonus; ab + sonus sound.]
Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous.
[Obs.] \'bdAbsonous to our reason.\'b8
Glanvill.
Ab*sorb" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Absorbed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Absorbing.] [L. absorbere;
ab + sorbere to suck in, akin to Gr. absorber.] 1. To swallow up; to
engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing
up; to use up; to include. \'bdDark oblivion soon
absorbs them all.\'b8
Cowper.
The large cities absorb the wealth and fashion.
W. Irving.
2. To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge
or as the lacteals of the body.
Bacon.
3. To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully;
as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of
wealth.
4. To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any
molecular action, as when charcoal absorbs gases. So
heat, light, and electricity are absorbed or taken up
in the substances into which they pass.
Nichol.
p. 8
Syn. -- To Absorb, Engross, Swallow
up, Engulf. These words agree in one
general idea, that of completely taking up. They are
chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a
reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as
absorbed (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or
some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a
person as ebgrossed (lit., seized upon in the
gross, or wholly) by something which occupies his
whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the
attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger
image) as swallowed up and lost in that which
completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the
death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak
of a person as engulfed in that which (like a gulf)
takes in all his hopes and interests; as, engulfed in
misery, ruin, etc.
That grave question which had begun to absorb the
Christian mind -- the marriage of the clergy.
Milman.
Too long hath love engrossed Britannia's stage,
And sunk to softness all our tragic rage.
Tickell.
Should not the sad occasion swallow up
My other cares?
Addison.
And in destruction's river
Engulf and swallow those.
Sir P. Sidney.
Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
state or quality of being absorbable.
Graham (Chemistry).
Ab*sorb"a*ble, a. [Cf. F.
absorbable.] Capable of being absorbed or
swallowed up.
Kerr.
Ab*sorb"ed*ly, adv. In a manner as if
wholly engrossed or engaged.
Ab*sorb"en*cy (#), n.
Absorptiveness.
Ab*sorb"ent (#), a. [L.
absorbens, p. pr. of absorbere.]
Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive.
Absorbent ground (Paint.), a ground
prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors,
by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the
colors.
Ab*sorb"ent, n. 1. Anything
which absorbs.
The ocean, itself a bad absorbent of heat.
Darwin.
2. (Med.) Any substance which absorbs
and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as
magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts
on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated
parts.
3. pl. (Physiol.) The vessels
by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the
lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in
plants.
Ab*sorb"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, absorbs.
Ab*sorb"ing, a. Swallowing, engrossing;
as, an absorbing pursuit. --
Ab*sorb"ing, adv.
Ab`sor*bi"tion (#), n.
Absorption. [Obs.]
Ab*sorpt` (#), a. [L.
absorptus, p. p.] Absorbed.
[Arcahic.] \'bdAbsorpt in care.\'b8
Pope.
Ab*sorp"tion (#), n. [L.
absorptio, fr. absorbere. See
Absorb.] 1. The act or process of
absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made
to disappear; as, the absorption of bodies in a
whirlpool, the absorption of a smaller tribe into a
larger.
2. (Chem. & Physics) An imbibing or
reception by molecular or chemical action; as, the
absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc.
3. (Physiol.) In living organisms, the
process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are
absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.
4. Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind;
as, absorption in some employment.
Ab*sorp"tive (#), a. Having
power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe.
E. Darwin.
Ab*sorp"tive*ness, n. The quality of
being absorptive; absorptive power.
Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty (#), n.
Absorptiveness.
Ab*squat"u*late (#), v. i. To
take one's self off; to decamp. [A jocular word. U.
S.]
\'d8Abs"que hoc (#). [L., without
this.] (Law) The technical words of denial used
in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.
Ab*stain" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abstained
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abstaining.] [OE. absteynen,
abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir,
F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere,
abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; ab,
abs + tenere to hold. See Tenable.]
To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily,
and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites;
-- with from.
Not a few abstained from voting.
Macaulay.
Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt?
Shak.
Syn. -- To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give
up; relinquish.
Ab*stain", v. t. To hinder; to
withhold.
Whether he abstain men from marrying.
Milton.
Ab*stain"er (#), n. One who
abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating
liquors.
Ab*ste"mi*ous (#), a. [L.
abstemius; ab, abs + root of
temetum intoxicating drink.] 1.
Abstaining from wine. [Orig. Latin
sense.]
Under his special eye
Abstemious I grew up and thrived amain.
Milton.
2. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of
food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the
indulgence of the appetite or passions.
Instances of longevity are chiefly among the
abstemious.
Arbuthnot.
3. Sparingly used; used with temperance or
moderation; as, an abstemious diet.
Gibbon.
4. Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; as, an
abstemious life. \'bdOne
abstemious day.\'b8
Pope.
5. Promotive of abstemiousness.
[R.]
Such is the virtue of the abstemious well.
Dryden.
Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness, n. The quality of
being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and
strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than
temperance.
Ab*sten"tion (#), a. [F. See
Abstain.] The act of abstaining; a holding
aloof.
Jer. Taylor.
Ab*sten"tious (#), a.
Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining.
Farrar.
Ab*sterge (#), v. t. [L.
abstergere, abstersum; ab,
abs + tergere to wipe. Cf. F
absterger.] To make clean by wiping; to
wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge. [R.]
Quincy.
Ab*ster"gent (#), a. [L.
abstergens, p. pr. of abstergere.]
Serving to cleanse, detergent.
Ab*ster"gent, n. A substance used in
cleansing; a detergent; as, soap is an
abstergent.
Ab*sterse" (#), v. t. To
absterge; to cleanse; to purge away. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*ster"sion (#), n. [F.
abstersion. See Absterge.] Act of
wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.
The task of ablution and abstersion being
performed.
Sir W. Scott.
Ab*ster"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
abstersif. See Absterge.]
Cleansing; purging.
Bacon.
Ab*ster"sive, n. Something
cleansing.
The strong abstersive of some heroic
magistrate.
Milton.
Ab*ster"sive*ness, n. The quality of
being abstersive.
Fuller.
Ab"sti*nence (#), n. [F.
abstinence, L. abstinentia, fr.
abstinere. See Abstain.] 1.
The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of
any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of
appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual
propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from
intoxicating beverages, -- called also total
abstinence.
The abstinence from a present pleasure that offers
itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one.
Locke.
2. The practice of self-denial by depriving one's
self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.
Penance, fasts, and abstinence,
To punish bodies for the soul's offense.
Dryden.
Ab"sti*nen*cy (#), n.
Abstinence. [R.]
Ab"sti*nent (#), a. [F.
abstinent, L. abstinens, p. pr. of
abstinere. See Abstain.]
Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence
of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate.
Beau. & Fl.
Ab"sti*nent, n. 1. One who
abstains.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect who
appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century.
Ab"sti*nent*ly, adv. With
abstinence.
Ab*stort"ed (#), a. [As if fr.
abstort, fr. L. ab, abs +
tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist.]
Wrested away. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab"stract` (#; 277), a. [L.
abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to draw
from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw.
See Trace.] 1. Withdraw;
separate. [Obs.]
The more abstract . . . we are from the body.
Norris.
2. Considered apart from any application to a
particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind
only; as, abstract truth, abstract
numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.
3. (Logic) (a) Expressing a
particular property of an object viewed apart from the other
properties which constitute it; -- opposed to
concrete; as, honesty is an abstract
word. J. S. Mill. (b) Resulting
from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to
particular; as, \'bdreptile\'b8 is an abstract or
general name.
Locke.
A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an
abstract name which stands for an attribute of a
thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if
not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of
applying the expression \'bdabstract name\'b8 to all
names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and
consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the
names of attributes.
J. S. Mill.
4. Abstracted; absent in mind.
\'bdAbstract, as in a trance.\'b8
Milton.
An abstract idea (Metaph.), an idea
separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which
naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when
contemplated apart from its color or figure. --
Abstract terms, those which express abstract
ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any
object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the
names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a
combination of similar qualities. -- Abstract
numbers (Math.), numbers used without
application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any
thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete. --
Abstract Pure
mathematics. See Mathematics.
Ab*stract" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abstracted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abstracting.] [See
Abstract, a.]
1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away.
He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution
abstracted from his own prejudices.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention;
as, his was wholly abstracted by other
objects.
The young stranger had been abstracted and
silent.
Blackw. Mag.
3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the
mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a
quality or attribute.
Whately.
4. To epitomize; to abridge.
Franklin.
5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin;
as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a
till.
Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins
from the harness.
W. Black.
6. (Chem.) To separate, as the more
volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or
other chemical processes. In this sense extract is now
more generally used.
Ab*stract", v. t. To perform the process
of abstraction. [R.]
I own myself able to abstract in one sense.
Berkeley.
Ab"stract` (#), n. [See
Abstract, a.] 1. That
which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities
of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary
or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a
brief.
An abstract of every treatise he had read.
Watts.
Man, the abstract
Of all perfection, which the workmanship
Of Heaven hath modeled.
Ford.
2. A state of separation from other things; as,
to consider a subject in the abstract, or apart from
other associated things.
3. An abstract term.
The concretes \'bdfather\'b8 and \'bdson\'b8 have, or might
have, the abstracts \'bdpaternity\'b8 and
\'bdfiliety.\'b8
J. S. Mill.
4. (Med.) A powdered solid extract of a
vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion
that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the
original substance.
Abstract of title (Law), an epitome
of the evidences of ownership.
Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See
Abridgment.
Ab*stract"ed (#), a. 1.
Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart.
The evil abstracted stood from his own evil.
Milton.
2. Separated from matter; abstract; ideal.
[Obs.]
3. Abstract; abstruse; difficult.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
4. Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in
mind. \'bdAn abstracted scholar.\'b8
Johnson.
Ab*stract"ed*ly, adv. In an abstracted
manner; separately; with absence of mind.
Ab*stract"ed*ness, n. The state of being
abstracted; abstract character.
Ab*stract"er (#), n. One who
abstracts, or makes an abstract.
Ab*strac"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
abstraction. See Abstract,
a.] 1. The act of abstracting,
separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn;
withdrawal.
A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain
members of the community.
J. S. Mill.
2. (Metaph.) The act process of leaving
out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object
so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind
considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the
leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called
abstraction. So, also, when it considers
whiteness, softness, virtue,
existence, as separate from any particular
objects.
Abstraction is necessary to
classification, by which things are arranged in genera and
species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects,
which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in
each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a
class, or collected body.
Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the
negative of attention.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical
nature; as, to fight for mere
abstractions.
4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse
life; as, a hermit's abstraction.
5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to
present objects.
6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use
part of the property of another; purloining.
[Modern]
7. (Chem.) A separation of volatile
parts by the act of distillation.
Nicholson.
Ab*strac"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to abstraction.
Ab*strac"tion*ist, n. An idealist.
Emerson.
Ab`strac*ti"tious (#), a.
Obtained from plants by distillation.
[Obs.]
Crabb.
Ab*strac"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
abstractif.] Having the power of
abstracting; of an abstracting nature. \'bdThe
abstractive faculty.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Ab*strac"tive*ly, adv. In a abstract
manner; separately; in or by itself.
Feltham.
Ab*strac"tive*ness, n. The quality of
being abstractive; abstractive property.
Ab"stract`ly (#; 277), adv. In
an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself;
as, matter abstractly considered.
Ab"stract`ness, n. The quality of being
abstract. \'bdThe abstractness of the ideas.\'b8
Locke.
Ab*stringe" (#), v. t. [L
ab + stringere, strictum, to press
together.] To unbind. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab*strude" (#), v. t. [L.
abstrudere. See Abstruse.] To
thrust away. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Ab*struse" (#), a. [L.
abstrusus, p. p. of abstrudere to thrust
away, conceal; ab, abs + trudere to thrust;
cf. F. abstrus. See Threat.]
1. Concealed or hidden out of the way.
[Obs.]
The eternal eye whose sight discerns
Abstrusest thoughts.
Milton.
2. Remote from apprehension; difficult to be
comprehended or understood; recondite; as, abstruse
learning.
Profound and abstruse topics.
Milman.
Ab*struse"ly, adv. In an abstruse
manner.
Ab*struse"ness, n. The quality of being
abstruse; difficulty of apprehension.
Boyle.
Ab*stru"sion (#), n. [L.
abstrusio. See Abstruse.] The act
of thrusting away. [R.]
Ogilvie.
Ab*stru"si*ty (#), n.
Abstruseness; that which is abstruse.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*sume" (#), v. t. [L.
absumere, absumptum; ab + sumere
to take.] To consume gradually; to waste away.
[Obs.]
Boyle.
Ab*sump"tion (#; 215), n. [L.
absumptio. See Absume.] Act of
wasting away; a consuming; extinction. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*surd" (#), a. [L.
absurdus harsh-sounding; ab + (prob) a
derivative fr. a root svar to sound; not connected
with surd: cf. F. absurde. See
Syringe.] Contrary to reason or propriety;
obviously and fiatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with
the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory;
nonsensical; ridiculous; as, an absurd person, an
absurd opinion; an absurd dream.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless.
Shak.
'This phrase absurd to call a villain great.
Pope.
p. 9
Syn. -- Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous;
inconsistent; incongruous. -- Absurd,
Irrational, Foolish, Preposterous. Of
these terms, irrational is the weakest, denoting that
which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason;
as, an irrational course of life. Foolish
rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or
an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, foolish
enterprises. Absurd rises still higher, denoting that
which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and
truth; as, an absurd man, project, opinion, story,
argument, etc. Preposterous rises still higher, and
supposes an absolute inversion in the order of things;
or, in plain terms, a \'bdputting of the cart before the
horse;\'b8 as, a preposterous suggestion,
preposterous conduct, a preposterous
regulation or law.
Ab*surd" (#), n. An
absurdity. [Obs.]
Pope.
Ab*surd"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Absurdities (#). [L.
absurditas: cf. F. absurdite.]
1. The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with
obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. \'bdThe
absurdity of the actual idea of an infinite
number.\'b8
Locke.
2. That which is absurd; an absurd action; a
logical contradiction.
His travels were full of absurdities.
Johnson.
Ab*surd"ly, adv. In an absurd
manner.
Ab*surd"ness, n. Absurdity.
[R.]
\'d8A*bu"na (#), n. [Eth. and
Ar., our father.] The Patriarch, or head of the
Abyssinian Church.
A*bun"dance (#), n. [OE.
(h)abudaunce, abundance, F.
abundance, F. abondance, L.
abundantia, fr. abundare. See
Abound.] An overflowing fullness; ample
sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply;
superfluity; wealth: -- strictly applicable to quantity only, but
sometimes used of number.
It is lamentable to remember what abundance of
noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian
state.
Raleigh.
Syn. -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness;
overflow; riches; affluence; wealth. --
Abundance, Plenty, Exuberance. These
words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness.
Plenty denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as,
plenty of food, plenty of money, etc.
Abundance express more, and gives the idea of
superfluity or excess; as, abundance of riches, an
abundance of wit and humor; often, however, it only
denotes plenty in a high degree. Exuberance rises
still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side,
producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an
exuberance of mirth, an exuberance of
animal spirits, etc.
A*bun"dant (#), a. [OE.
(h)abundant, aboundant, F.
abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of
abundare. See Abound.] Fully
sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by
in, rarely by with.
\'bdAbundant in goodness and truth.\'b8
Exod. xxxiv. 6.
Abundant number (Math.), a number,
the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus,
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This
is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot
parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a
perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its
aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.
Syn. -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant;
overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See
Ample.
A*bun"dant*ly, adv. In a sufficient
degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure.
A*burst" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + burst.] In a bursting
condition.
A*bus"a*ble (#), a. That may be
abused.
A*bus"age (#), n. Abuse.
[Obs.]
Whately (1634).
A*buse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abused (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Abusing.]
[F. abuser; L. abusus, p. p. of
abuti to abuse, misuse; ab + uti to use.
See Use.] 1. To put to a wrong use;
to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong
purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse inherited
gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse
one's authority.
This principle (if one may so abuse the word)
shoots rapidly into popularity.
Froude.
2. To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to;
to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; as, to
abuse prisoners, to abuse one's powers, one's
patience.
3. To revile; to reproach coarsely; to
disparage.
The . . . tellers of news abused the general.
Macaulay.
4. To dishonor. \'bdShall flight
abuse your name?\'b8
Shak.
5. To violate; to ravish.
Spenser.
6. To deceive; to impose on.
[Obs.]
Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and
abused by a double object.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify;
vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign.
A*buse" (#), n. [F.
abus, L. abusus, fr. abuti. See
Abuse, v. t.] 1. Improper
treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse;
as, an abuse of our natural powers; an
abuse of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an
abuse of language.
Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty,
as well as by the abuses of power.
Madison.
2. Physical ill treatment; injury.
\'bdRejoice . . . at the abuse of Falstaff.\'b8
Shak.
3. A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime;
fault; as, the abuses in the civil
service.
Abuse after disappeared without a struggle..
Macaulay.
4. Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech;
abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling.
The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of
abuse, came to blows.
Macaulay.
5. Violation; rape; as, abuse of a
female child. [Obs.]
Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?
Shak.
Abuse of distress (Law), a wrongful
using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the
distrainer.
Syn. -- Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult;
opprobrium. -- Abuse, Invective.
Abuse is generally prompted by anger, and vented in
harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than
invective. Abuse generally takes place in
private quarrels; invective in writing or public
discussions. Invective may be conveyed in refined
language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy.
C. J. Smith.
A*buse"ful (#), a. Full of
abuse; abusive. [R.] \'bdAbuseful
names.\'b8
Bp. Barlow.
A*bus"er (#), n. One who abuses
[in the various senses of the verb].
A*bu"sion (#), n. [OE.
abusion, abusioun, OF. abusion,
fr. L. abusio misuse of words, f. abuti.
See Abuse, v. t.] Evil or corrupt
usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat.
Chaucer.
A*bu"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
abusif, fr. L. abusivus.] 1.
Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied.
I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly,
according to the abusive acceptation thereof.
Fuller.
2. Given to misusing; also, full of abuses.
[Archaic] \'bdThe abusive prerogatives of
his see.\'b8
Hallam.
3. Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse,
insulting words or by other ill usage; as, an
abusive author; an abusive fellow.
4. Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument
of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous. \'bdAn
abusive lampoon.\'b8
Johnson.
5. Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating.
[Obs.] \'bdAn abusive treaty.\'b8
Bacon.
Syn. -- Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent;
insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.
A*bu"sive*ly, adv. In an abusive manner;
rudely; with abusive language.
A*bu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being
abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person.
Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground,
Profaneness, filthiness, abusiveness.
Herbert.
A*but" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abutted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Abutting.] [OF.
abouter, aboter; cf. F. aboutir,
and also abuter; a (L. ad) + OF.
boter, buter, to push: cf. F.
bout end, and but end, purpose.]
To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to
meet; -- with on, upon, or
against; as, his land abuts on the
road.
A*bu"ti*lon (#), n. [Ar.
aub\'d4t\'c6l\'d4n.] (Bot.) A
genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid
and temperate zones of both continents; -- called also
Indian mallow.
A*but"ment (#), n. 1.
State of abutting.
2. That on or against which a body abuts or
presses; as (a) (Arch.) The solid
part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or
lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut.
Gwilt. (b) (mech.) A fixed
point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained,
as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever,
etc. (c) In breech-loading firearms, the
block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to
recoil.
A*but"tal (#), n. The butting
or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland.
Spelman.
A*but"ter (#), n. One who, or
that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous
estate; as, the abutters on a street or a
river.
A*buzz" (#), a. [Pref.
a- + buzz.] In a buzz;
buzzing. [Colloq.]
Dickens.
{ A*by", A*bye" } (#),
v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p.
Abought (#).] [AS.
\'bebycgan to pay for; pref. \'be- (cf.
Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + bycgan to buy. See Buy, and
cf. Abide.] 1. To pay for; to suffer
for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give
satisfaction. [Obs.]
Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear.
Shak.
2. To endure; to abide. [Obs.]
But nought that wanteth rest can long aby.
Spenser.
A*bysm" (#), n. [OF.
abisme; F. abime, LL. abyssimus,
a superl. of L. abyssus; Gr. Abyss.] An abyss; a gulf. \'bdThe
abysm of hell.\'b8
Shak.
A*bys"mal (#), a. Pertaining
to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending;
profound.
Geology gives one the same abysmal extent of time
that astronomy does of space.
Carlyle.
A*bys"mal*ly, adv. To a fathomless
depth; profoundly. \'bdAbysmally ignorant.\'b8
G. Eliot.
A*byss" (#), n. [L.
abyssus a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr. 1. A bottomless
or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep,
immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless
pit.
Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost abyss.
Milton.
The throne is darkness, in the abyss of light.
Dryden.
2. Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral
depth.
The abysses of metaphysical theology.
Macaulay.
In unfathomable abysses of disgrace.
Burke.
3. (Her.) The center of an
escutcheon.
Encyc. Brit.
A*byss"al (#), a. [Cf.
Abysmal.] Belonging to, or resembling, an
abyss; unfathomable.
Abyssal zone (Phys. Geog.), one of
the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of
the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one
furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms
deep. Hence, abyssal animals, plants, etc.
Ab`ys*sin"i*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Abyssinia.
Abyssinian gold, an alloy of 90.74 parts of
copper and 8.33 parts of zink.
Ure.
Ab`ys*sin"i*an, n. 1. A native
of Abyssinia.
2. A member of the Abyssinian Church.
A*ca"ci*a (#), n.
(Antiq.) A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne
by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is
represented on medals.
A*ca"cia (#), n.; pl. E.
Acacias (#), L. Acaci\'91
(#). [L. from Gr. ak to
be sharp. See Acute.] 1. A genus of
leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or
Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks,
instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of
America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate
climates.
2. (Med.) The inspissated juice of
several species of acacia; -- called also gum
acacia, and gum arabic.
Ac"a*cin, Ac"a*cine (#),
n. Gum arabic.
Ac`a*deme" (#), n. [L.
academia. See Academy.] An
academy. [Poetic]
Shak.
Ac`a*de"mi*al (#), a.
Academic. [R.]
Ac`a*de"mi*an (#), n. A member
of an academy, university, or college.
{ Ac`a*dem"ic (#), Ac`a*dem"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
academicus: cf. F. acad\'82migue. See
Academy.] 1. Belonging to the school
or philosophy of Plato; as, the Academic sect or
philosophy.
2. Belonging to an academy or other higher
institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in
distinction from scientific. \'bdAcademic
courses.\'b8 Warburton. \'bdAcademical
study.\'b8 Berkeley.
Ac`a*dem"ic, n. 1. One holding
the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist.
Hume.
2. A member of an academy, college, or university;
an academician.
Ac`a*dem`ic*al*ly, adv. In an academical
manner.
Ac`a*dem"ic*als (#), n. pl. The
articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and
universities.
Ac`a*de*mi"cian (#; 277), n.
[F. acad\'82micien. See Academy.]
1. A member of an academy, or society for promoting
science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the
Royal Academy of arts.
2. A collegian. [R.]
Chesterfield.
Ac`a*dem"i*cism (#), n. 1.
A tenet of the Academic philosophy.
2. A mannerism or mode peculiar to an
academy.
A*cad"e*mism (#), n. The
doctrines of the Academic philosophy. [Obs.]
Baxter.
A*cad"e*mist (#), n. [F.
academiste.] 1. An Academic
philosopher.
2. An academician. [Obs.]
Ray.
A*cad"e*my (#), n.; pl.
Academies (#). [F.
acad\'82mie, L. academia. Cf.
Academe.] 1. A garden or grove near
Athens (so named from the hero Academus), where Plato
and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence,
the school of philosophy of which Plato was head.
2. An institution for the study of higher learning;
a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of
learning, holding a rank between a college and a common
school.
3. A place of training; a school.
\'bdAcademies of fanaticism.\'b8
Hume.
4. A society of learned men united for the
advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some
particular art or science; as, the French Academy;
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences;
academies of literature and philology.
5. A school or place of training in which some
special art is taught; as, the military academy at
West Point; a riding academy; the Academy of
Music.
Academy figure (Paint.), a drawing
usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude
model.
A*ca"di*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia.
\'bdAcadian farmers.\'b8 Longfellow. --
n. A native of Acadie.
Acadian epoch (Geol.), an epoch at
the beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the
oldest American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See
Geology. -- Acadian owl
(Zo\'94l.), a small North American owl
(Nyctule Acadica); the saw-whet.
\'d8Ac"a*jou (#), n. [F. See
Cashew.] (Bot.) (a) The
cashew tree; also, its fruit. See Cashew.
(b) The mahogany tree; also, its timber.
{ Ac"a*leph (#), Ac`a*le"phan
(#) } n.; pl. Acalephs
(#), Acalephans (#). [See
Acaleph\'91.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Acaleph\'91.
\'d8Ac`a*le"ph\'91 (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. A group of
C\'d2lenterata, including the Medus\'91 or jellyfishes, and
hydroids; -- so called from the stinging power they possess.
Sometimes called sea nettles.
Ac`ale"phoid (#), a.
[Acaleph + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to or resembling the
Acaleph\'91 or jellyfishes.
A*cal"y*cine (#),
Ac`a*lys`i*nous (#), a.
[Gr. (Bot.)
Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.
A*canth" (#), n. Same as
Acanthus.
\'d8A*can"tha (#), n. [Gr. Acute.] 1.
(Bot.) A prickle.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A spine or prickly
fin.
3. (Anat.) The vertebral column; the
spinous process of a vertebra.
Dunglison.
Ac"an*tha"ceous (#), a. 1.
Armed with prickles, as a plant.
2. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, the family of plants of which the acanthus is the
type.
<-- p. 10 -->
A*can"thine (#), a. [L.
acanthinus, Gr. Acanthus.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling,
the plant acanthus.
A*can`tho*car"pous (#), a. [Gr.
(Bot.) Having the
fruit covered with spines.
\'d8A*can`tho*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A group of intestinal worms, having
the proboscis armed with recurved spines.
A*can`tho*ceph"a*lous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a spiny head, as one of the
Acanthocephala.
Ac`an*thoph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.
Spine-bearing.
Gray.
A*can`tho*po"di*ous (#), a.
[Gr. (Bot.)
Having spinous petioles.
\'d8Ac`an*thop"ter*i (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A group of teleostean fishes having
spiny fins. See Acanthopterygii.
Ac`an*thop"ter*ous (#), a. [Gr.
1. (Zo\'94l.)
Spiny-winged.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Acanthopterygious.
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the order of fishes
having spinose fins, as the perch. -- n.
A spiny-finned fish.
\'d8Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*i (#), n.
pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having
some of the rays of the dorsal, ventral, and anal fins
unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch.
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*ous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having fins in which the rays are hard
and spinelike; spiny-finned.
A*can"thus (#), n.; pl. E.
Acanthuses (#), L. Acanthi
(#). [L., from Gr. Acantha.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous prickly
plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India;
bear's-breech.
2. (Arch.) An ornament resembling the
foliage or leaves of the acanthus (Acanthus spinosus);
-- used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite
orders.
\'d8A cap*pel"la (#). [It. See
Chapel.] (Mus.) (a) In
church or chapel style; -- said of compositions sung in the old
church style, without instrumental accompaniment; as, a mass
a capella, i. e., a mass purely vocal.
(b) A time indication, equivalent to alla
breve.
A*cap"su*lar (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + capsular.] (Bot.)
Having no capsule.
A*car"di*ac (#), a. [Gr. Without a heart; as, an
acardiac fetus.
A*car"i*dan (#), n. [See
Acarus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group
of arachnids, including the mites and ticks.
\'d8Ac`a*ri"na (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks.
Many species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and
mange.
Ac"a*rine (#), a. (Med.)
Of or caused by acari or mites; as,
acarine diseases.
Ac"a*roid (#), a. [NL.,
acarus a mite + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Shaped like or resembling a
mite.
Ac`ar*pel"lous (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + carpel.] (Bot.)
Having no carpels.
A*car"pous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Not
producing fruit; unfruitful.
\'d8Ac"a*rus (#), n.; pl.
Acari (#). [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus
including many species of small mites.
A*cat`a*lec"tic (#), a. [L.
acatalecticus, Gr. (Pros.) Not
defective; complete; as, an acatalectic
verse. -- n. A verse which has
the complete number of feet and syllables.
A*cat"a*lep`sy (#), n. [Gr.
Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the
ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts
to certainty, but only to probability.
A*cat`a*lep"tic (#), a. [Gr.
Incapable of being comprehended;
incomprehensible.
A*ca"ter (#), n. See
Caterer. [Obs.]
A*cates" (#), n. pl. See
Cates. [Obs.]
A*cau"date (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + caudate.]
Tailless.
Ac`au*les"cent (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + caulescent.]
(Bot.) Having no stem or caulis, or only a very
short one concealed in the ground.
Gray.
A*cau"line (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + cauline.] (Bot.)
Same as Acaulescent.
{ A*cau"lose (#), A*cau"lous
(#), } a. [Gr. caulis stalk. See
Cole.] (Bot.) Same as
Acaulescent.
Ac*ca"di*an (#), a. [From the
city Accad. See Gen. x. 10.] Pertaining to
a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before the Assyrian
conquest.
-- Ac*ca"di*an, n., Ac"cad
(#), n.
Sayce.
Ac*cede" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Acceded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Acceding.] [L.
accedere to approach, accede; ad + cedere
to move, yield: cf. F. acc\'82dere. See
Cede.]
1. To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to
recede. [Obs.]
T. Gale.
2. To enter upon an office or dignity; to
attain.
Edward IV., who had acceded to the throne in the
year 1461.
T. Warton.
If Frederick had acceded to the supreme power.
Morley.
3. To become a party by associating one's self with
others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a
proposal or a view; as, he acceded to my
request.
The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch
afterwards acceded.
Chesterfield.
Syn. -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce;
concur.
Ac*ced"ence (#), n. The act of
acceding.
Ac*ced"er (#), n. One who
accedes.
\'d8Ac*cel`er*an"do (#), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Gradually accelerating
the movement.
Ac*cel"er*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accelerated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accelerating.] [L.
acceleratus, p. p. of accelerare; ad +
celerare to hasten; celer quick. See
Celerity.] 1. To cause to move
faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; --
opposed to retard.
2. To quicken the natural or ordinary progression
or process of; as, to accelerate the growth of a
plant, the increase of wealth, etc.
3. To hasten, as the occurence of an event; as,
to accelerate our departure.
Accelerated motion (Mech.), motion
with a continually increasing velocity. -- Accelerating
force, the force which causes accelerated
motion.
Nichol.
Syn. -- To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward;
advance; further.
Ac*cel`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
acceleratio: cf. F.
acc\'82l\'82ration.] The act of
accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of
motion or action; as, a falling body moves toward the earth
with an acceleration of velocity; -- opposed to
retardation.
A period of social improvement, or of intellectual
advancement, contains within itself a principle of
acceleration.
I. Taylor.
(Astr. & Physics.) Acceleration of the
moon, the increase of the moon's mean motion in its
orbit, in consequence of which its period of revolution is now
shorter than in ancient times. --
Acceleration and retardation of the
tides. See Priming of the tides,
under Priming. -- Diurnal acceleration of the
fixed stars, the amount by which their apparent diurnal
motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence of which they
daily come to the meridian of any place about three minutes
fifty-six seconds of solar time earlier than on the day
preceding. -- Acceleration of the planets,
the increasing velocity of their motion, in proceeding from
the apogee to the perigee of their orbits.
Ac*cel"er*a*tive (#), a.
Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity;
quickening.
Reid.
Ac*cel"er*a`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an adj.;
as, accelerator nerves.
Ac*cel"er*a*to*ry (#), a.
Accelerative.
Ac*cel"er*o*graph (#), n.
[Accelerate + -graph.]
(Mil.) An apparatus for studying the combustion
of powder in guns, etc.
Ac*cel`er*om"e*ter (#), n.
[Accelerate + -meter.] An
apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder.
Ac*cend" (#), v. t. [L.
accendere, accensum, to kindle; ad +
cand\'cbre to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to
cand\'c7re to be white, to gleam. See
Candle.] To set on fire; to kindle.
[Obs.]
Fotherby.
Ac*cend`i*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed;
inflammability.
Ac*cend"i*ble (#), a. Capable
of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable.
Ure.
Ac*cen"sion (#), n. The act of
kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition.
Locke.
Ac*cen"sor (#), n. [LL., from
p. p. accensus. See Accend.] (R.
C. Ch.) One of the functionaries who light and trim
the tapers.
Ac"cent` (#), n. [F.
accent, L. accentus; ad + cantus
a singing, canere to sing. See Cant.]
1. A superior force of voice or of articulative
effort upon some particular syllable of a word or a phrase,
distinguishing it from the others.
primary and the secondary; the primary
being uttered with a greater stress of voice than the secondary;
as in as\'b7pira\'b6tion, where
the chief stress is on the third syllable, and a slighter stress
on the first. Some words, as
an\'b7tiap\'b7o-plec\'b6tic,
in-com\'b7pre-hen\'b7si-bil\'b6i-ty, have two
secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., \'c5\'c5 30-46.
2. A mark or character used in writing, and serving
to regulate the pronunciation; esp.: (a) a mark to
indicate the nature and place of the spoken accent; (b)
a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the vowel marked;
as, the French accents.
acute accent
(\'b7) meant a raised tone or pitch, the grave
(`), the level tone or simply the negation of accent,
the circumflex ( ~ or ^) a tone raised and then
depressed. In works on elocution, the first is often used to
denote the rising inflection of the voice; the second, the
falling inflection; and the third (^), the compound or waving
inflection. In dictionaries, spelling books, and the like, the
acute accent is used to designate the syllable which receives the
chief stress of voice.
3. Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of
speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification
of the voice; tone; as, a foreign accent; a French
or a German accent. \'bdBeguiled you in a
plain accent.\'b8 Shak. \'bdA perfect
accent.\'b8 Thackeray.
The tender accent of a woman's cry.
Prior.
4. A word; a significant tone; (pl.)
expressions in general; speech.
Winds! on your wings to Heaven her accents bear,
Such words as Heaven alone is fit to hear.
Dryden.
5. (Pros.) Stress laid on certain
syllables of a verse.
6. (Mus.) (a) A regularly
recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more
feebly, the third part of the measure. (b) A
special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the
measure. (c) The rythmical accent,
which marks phrases and sections of a period. (d)
The expressive emphasis and shading of a
passage.
J. S. Dwight.
7. (Math.) (a) A mark placed at
the right hand of a letter, and a little above it, to distinguish
magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same letter, but
differing in value, as y\'b7, y\'b7\'b7. (b)
(Trigon.) A mark at the right hand of a number,
indicating minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; as,
12\'b727\'b7\'b7, i. e., twelve minutes twenty seven
seconds. (c) (Engin.) A mark used
to denote feet and inches; as, 6\'b7 10\'b7\'b7 is six feet
ten inches.
Ac*cent" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accenting.] [OF.
accenter, F. accentuer.]
1. To express the accent of (either by the voice or
by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent.
2. To mark emphatically; to emphasize.
Ac"cent`less (#), a. Without
accent.
Ac*cen"tor (#), n. [L.
ad. + cantor singer, canere to
sing.] 1. (Mus.) One who sings the
leading part; the director or leader. [Obs.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of European birds
(so named from their sweet notes), including the hedge warbler.
In America sometimes applied to the water thrushes.
Ac*cen"tu*a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being accented.
Ac*cen"tu*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.
Ac*cen`tu*al"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being accentual.
Ac*cen"tu*al*ly (#), adv. In an
accentual manner; in accordance with accent.
Ac*cen"tu*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accentuated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accentuating.] [LL.
accentuatus, p. p. of accentuare, fr. L.
accentus: cf. F. accentuer.]
1. To pronounce with an accent or with
accents.
2. To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to
emphasize.
In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more
accentuated.
London Times.
3. To mark with the written accent.
Ac*cen`tu*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
accentuatio: cf. F. accentuation.]
Act of accentuating; applications of accent.
Specifically (Eccles. Mus.), pitch or modulation
of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.
Ac*cept" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accepted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accepting.] [F.
accepter, L. acceptare, freq. of
accipere; ad + capere to take; akin to E.
heave.]
1. To receive with a consenting mind (something
offered); as, to accept a gift; -- often
followed by of.
If you accept them, then their worth is great.
Shak.
To accept of ransom for my son.
Milton.
She accepted of a treat.
Addison.
2. To receive with favor; to approve.
The Lord accept thy burnt sacrifice.
Ps. xx. 3.
Peradventure he will accept of me.
Gen. xxxii. 20.
3. To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to;
as, I accept your proposal, amendment, or
excuse.
4. To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are
these words to be accepted?
5. (Com.) To receive as obligatory and
promise to pay; as, to accept a bill of
exchange.
Bouvier.
6. In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance
of a duty imposed; as, to accept the report of a
committee. [This makes it the property of the body, and the
question is then on its adoption.]
To accept a bill (Law), to agree
(on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due. -- To
accept service (Law), to agree that a writ
or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has
not been. -- To accept the person
(Eccl.), to show favoritism. \'bdGod
accepteth no man's person.\'b8
Gal. ii. 6.
Syn. -- To receive; take; admit. See Receive.
Ac*cept", a. Accepted.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
acceptabilitas.] The quality of being
acceptable; acceptableness. \'bdAcceptability of
repentance.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Ac*cept"a*ble (#), a. [F.
acceptable, L. acceptabilis, fr.
acceptare.] Capable, worthy, or sure of
being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver;
gratifying; agreeable; welcome; as, an acceptable
present, one acceptable to us.
Ac*cept"a*ble*ness (#), n. The
quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably
received; acceptability.
Ac*cept"a*bly, adv. In an acceptable
manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction.
Ac*cept"ance (#), n. 1.
The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with
approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable
reception; approval; as, the acceptance of a gift,
office, doctrine, etc.
They shall come up with acceptance on mine
altar.
Isa. lx. 7.
2. State of being accepted; acceptableness.
\'bdMakes it assured of acceptance.\'b8
Shak.
3. (Com.) (a) An assent and
engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to
pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance.
(b) The bill itself when accepted.
4. An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a
bargain is concluded and the parties are bound; the reception or
taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as
that agreed to be delivered, or the taking possession as
owner.
5. (Law) An agreeing to the action of
another, by some act which binds the person in law.
acceptance is often a question of great nicety and
difficulty.
Mozley & W.
<-- p. 11 -->
proposal and
acceptance are the constituent elements into which all
contracts are resolved.
Acceptance of a bill of exchange,
check, draft, order,
is an engagement to pay it according to the terms. This
engagement is usually made by writing the word \'bdaccepted\'b8
across the face of the bill. Acceptance of
goods, under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent
acceptance by a party knowing the nature of the
transaction.
6. Meaning; acceptation. [Obs.]
Acceptance of persons, partiality, favoritism.
See under Accept.
Ac*cept"an*cy (#), n.
Acceptance. [R.]
Here's a proof of gift,
But here's no proof, sir, of acceptancy.
Mrs. Browning.
Ac*cept"ant (#), a. Accepting;
receiving.
Ac*cept"ant, n. An accepter.
Chapman.
Ac`cep*ta"tion (#), n. 1.
Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state
of being acceptable. [Obs.]
This is saying worthy of all acceptation.
1 Tim. i. 15.
Some things . . . are notwithstanding of so great dignity and
acceptation with God.
Hooker.
2. The meaning in which a word or expression is
understood, or generally received; as, term is to be used
according to its usual acceptation.
My words, in common acceptation,
Could never give this provocation.
Gay.
Ac*cept"ed*ly (#), adv. In a
accepted manner; admittedly.
Ac*cept"er (#), n. 1.
A person who accepts; a taker.
2. A respecter; a viewer with partiality.
[Obs.]
God is no accepter of persons.
Chillingworth.
3. (Law) An acceptor.
Ac*cep`ti*la"tion (#), n. [L.
acceptilatio entry of a debt collected, acquittance,
fr. p. p. of accipere (cf. Accept) +
latio a carrying, fr. latus, p. p. of
ferre to carry: cf. F.
acceptilation.] (Civil Law)
Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation
without payment; free remission.
Ac*cep"tion (#), n. [L.
acceptio a receiving, accepting: cf. F.
acception.] Acceptation; the received
meaning. [Obs.]
Here the word \'bdbaron\'b8 is not to be taken in that
restrictive sense to which the modern acception hath
confined it.
Fuller.
Acception of persons or
faces (Eccl.), favoritism;
partiality. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Ac*cept"ive (#), a. 1.
Fit for acceptance.
2. Ready to accept. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Ac*cept"or (#; 277), n.
[L.] One who accepts; specifically
(Law & Com.), one who accepts an order or a bill
of exchange; a drawee after he has accepted.
Ac*cess" (#; 277), n. [F.
acc\'8as, L. accessus, fr.
accedere. See Accede.] 1.
A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission;
accessibility; as, to gain access to a
prince.
I did repel his letters, and denied
His access to me.
Shak.
2. The means, place, or way by which a thing may be
approached; passage way; as, the access is by a neck
of land. \'bdAll access was thronged.\'b8
Milton.
3. Admission to sexual intercourse.
During coverture, access of the husband shall be
presumed, unless the contrary be shown.
Blackstone.
4. Increase by something added; addition; as,
an access of territory. [In this sense
accession is more generally used.]
I, from the influence of thy looks, receive
Access in every virtue.
Milton.
5. An onset, attack, or fit of disease.
The first access looked like an apoplexy.
Burnet.
6. A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst;
as, an access of fury. [A Gallicism]
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ly (#), adv. In
the manner of an accessary.
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ness, n. The state of being
accessary.
Ac*ces"sa*ry (#; 277), a.
Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp.,
uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor.
See Accessory.
To both their deaths thou shalt be accessary.
Shak.
Amongst many secondary and accessary causes that
support monarchy, these are not of least reckoning.
Milton.
Ac*ces"sa*ry (277), n.; pl.
Accessaries (#). [Cf.
Accessory and LL. accessarius.]
(Law) One who, not being present, contributes as
an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense.
Accessary before the fact (Law),
one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at
its commission. -- Accessary after the fact,
one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender,
not being present at the commission of the offense.
accessory by Blackstone and many others; but in this
sense is spelt accessary by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns,
Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it
is spelt accessory. In recent text-books on criminal
law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either
accessary or accessory.
Ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
accessibilitas: cf. F.
accessibilit\'82.] The quality of being
accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility.
Langhorne.
Ac*cess"i*ble (#), a. [L.
accessibilis, fr. accedere: cf. F.
accessible. See Accede.] 1.
Easy of access or approach; approachable; as, an
accessible town or mountain, an accessible
person.
2. Open to the influence of; -- with
to. \'bdMinds accessible to
reason.\'b8
Macaulay.
3. Obtainable; to be got at.
The best information . . . at present
accessible.
Macaulay.
Ac*cess"i*bly (#), adv. In an
accessible manner.
Ac*ces"sion (#), n. [L.
accessio, fr. accedere: cf. F.
accession. See Accede.] 1.
A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined;
as, a king's accession to a confederacy.
2. Increase by something added; that which is
added; augmentation from without; as, an accession
of wealth or territory.
The only accession which the Roman empire received
was the province of Britain.
Gibbon.
3. (Law) (a) A mode of
acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance
which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to
the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing
is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a
cow becomes the owner of her calf. (b) The
act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in
force between other powers.
Kent.
4. The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an
office, or dignity; as, the accession of the house
of Stuart; -- applied especially to the epoch of a new
dynasty.
5. (Med.) The invasion, approach, or
commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm.
Syn. -- Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.
Ac*ces"sion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to accession; additional. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ac*ces"sive (#), a.
Additional.
Ac`ces*so"ri*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an accessory; as, accessorial agency,
accessorial guilt.
Ac*ces"so*ri*ly (#), adv. In
the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.
Ac*ces"so*ri*ness, n. The state of being
accessory, or connected subordinately.
Ac*ces"so*ry (#; 277), a. [L.
accessorius. See Access, and cf.
Accessary.] Accompanying as a subordinate;
aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident
or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said
of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad
sense; as, he was accessory to the riot;
accessory sounds in music.
first syllable.
Syn. -- Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary;
subservient; additional; acceding.
Ac*ces"so*ry, n.; pl.
Accessories (#). 1. That
which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something
additional and subordinate. \'bdThe aspect and
accessories of a den of banditti.\'b8
Carlyle.
2. (Law) Same as Accessary,
n.
3. (Fine Arts) Anything that enters into
a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere
ornamental parts.
Elmes.
Syn. -- Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See
Abettor.
\'d8Ac*ciac`ca*tu"ra (#), n.
[It., from acciaccare to crush.]
(Mus.) A short grace note, one semitone below the
note to which it is prefixed; -- used especially in organ music.
Now used as equivalent to the short
appoggiatura.
Ac"ci*dence (#), n. [A
corruption of Eng. accidents, pl. of
accident. See Accident, 2.] 1.
The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of
grammar.
Milton.
2. The rudiments of any subject.
Lowell.
Ac"ci*dent (#), n. [F.
accident, fr. L. accidens,
-dentis, p. pr. of accidere to happen;
ad + cadere to fall. See Cadence,
Case.] 1. Literally, a befalling; an
event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an
undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency;
often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive
or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; as, to die by
an accident.
Of moving accidents by flood and field.
Shak.
Thou cam'st not to thy place by accident:
It is the very place God meant for thee.
Trench.
2. (Gram.) A property attached to a
word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.
3. (Her.) A point or mark which may be
retained or omitted in a coat of arms.
4. (Log.) (a) A property or
quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as
whiteness in paper; an attribute. (b)
A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as
sweetness, softness.
5. Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an
accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an
accident.
This accident, as I call it, of Athens being
situated some miles from the sea.
J. P. Mahaffy.
6. Unusual appearance or effect.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Accident, in Law, is
equivalent to casus, or such unforeseen,
extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of
ordinary calculation.
Ac`ci*den"tal (#), a. [Cf. F.
accidentel, earlier accidental.]
1. Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking
place not according to the usual course of things; casual;
fortuitous; as, an accidental visit.
2. Nonessential; not necessary belonging;
incidental; as, are accidental to a play.
Accidental chords (Mus.), those
which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper
harmony. -- Accidental colors (Opt.),
colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the
eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective
sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of
actually colored bodies. -- Accidental point
(Persp.), the point in which a right line, drawn
from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the
perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal
point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye
perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this plane. --
Accidental lights (Paint.), secondary
lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as
the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the
leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning
bodies.
Fairholt.
Syn. -- Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional;
adventitious. -- Accidental,
Incidental, Casual, Fortuitous,
Contingent. We speak of a thing as accidental
when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of
things; as, an accidental meeting, an
accidental advantage, etc. We call a thing
incidental when it falls, as it were, into
some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no
essential part thereof; as, an incremental remark,
an incidental evil, an incidental benefit.
We speak of a thing as casual, when it falls out or
happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or
premeditated; as, a casual remark or encounter; a
casual observer. An idea of the unimportant is
attached to what is casual. Fortuitous is
applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition
to what has been foreseen; as, a fortuitous
concourse of atoms. We call a thing contingent
when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not
happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else;
as, the time of my coming will be contingent on
intelligence yet to be received.
Ac`ci*den"tal (#), n. 1.
A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything
happening accidentally.
He conceived it just that accidentals . . . should
sink with the substance of the accusation.
Fuller.
2. pl. (Paint.) Those
fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain
objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and
other parts are cast into a deep shadow.
3. (Mus.) A sharp, flat, or natural,
occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the
signature, but before a particular note.
Ac`ci*den"tal*ism (#), n.
Accidental character or effect.
Ruskin.
Ac`ci*den*tal"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being accidental; accidentalness.
[R.]
Coleridge.
Ac`ci*den"tal*ly (#), adv. In
an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally;
casually; fortuitously; not essentially.
Ac`ci*den"tal*ness, n. The quality of
being accidental; casualness.
Ac"ci*die (#), n. [OF.
accide, accidie, LL. accidia,
acedia, fr. Gr.
Sloth; torpor. [Obs.] \'bdThe sin of
accidie.\'b8
Chaucer.
Ac`ci*pen"ser (#), n. See
Acipenser.
Ac*cip"i*ent (#), n. [L.
accipiens, p. pr. of accipere. See
Accept.] A receiver. [R.]
Bailey
\'d8Ac*cip"i*ter (#), n.; pl.
E. Accipiters (#). L. Accipitres
(#). [L., hawk.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of rapacious birds; one of the
Accipitres or Raptores.
2. (Surg.) A bandage applied over the
nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.
Ac*cip"i*tral (#), n.
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk;
hawklike.
Lowell.
\'d8Ac*cip"i*tres (#), n. pl.
[L., hawks.] (Zo\'94l.) The order that
includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp,
strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by
the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.
Ac*cip"i*trine (#; 277), a.
[Cf. F. accipitrin.] (Zo\'94l.)
Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial;
hawklike.
\'d8Ac*cis"mus (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Rhet.) Affected refusal;
coyness.
Ac*cite" (#), v. t. [L.
accitus, p. p. of accire,
accere, to call for; ad + ciere to move,
call. See Cite.] To cite; to summon.
[Obs.]
Our heralds now accited all that were
Endamaged by the Elians.
Chapman.
Ac*claim" (#), v. t. [L.
acclamare; ad + clamare to cry out. See
Claim, Clamor.] [R.]
1. To applaud. \'bdA glad
acclaiming train.\'b8
Thomson.
2. To declare by acclamations.
While the shouting crowd
Acclaims thee king of traitors.
Smollett.
3. To shout; as, to acclaim my
joy.
Ac*claim", v. i. To shout
applause.
Ac*claim", n. Acclamation.
[Poetic]
Milton.
Ac*claim"er (#), n. One who
acclaims.
Ac`cla*ma"tion (#), n. [L.
acclamatio: cf. F. acclamation.]
1. A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager
expression of approval; loud applause.
On such a day, a holiday having been voted by
acclamation, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the
children.
Southey.
2. (Antiq.) A representation, in
sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy.
Acclamation medals are those on which
laudatory acclamations are recorded.
Elmes.
Ac*clam"a*to*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.
Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble (#), a.
Capable of being acclimated.
Ac*cli`ma*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. acclimation. See Acclimate.]
Acclimatization.
Ac*cli"mate (#; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acclimated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Acclimating.] [F.
acclimater; \'85 (l. ad) +
climat climate. See Climate.] To
habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.
J. H. Newman.
Ac*cli"mate*ment (#), n.
Acclimation. [R.]
Ac`cli*ma"tion (#), n. The
process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or
habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.
Ac*cli"ma*ti`za*ble (#), a.
Capable of being acclimatized.
<-- p. 12 -->
Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion (#), n.
The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new
climate, or the state of being so inured.
Darwin.
Ac*cli"ma*tize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acclimatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acclimatizing
(#).] To inure or habituate to a
climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the
peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the
inferior animals, or plants.
Ac*cli"ma*ture (#; 135), n. The
act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated.
[R.]
Caldwell.
Ac*clive" (#), a.
Acclivous. [Obs.]
Ac*cliff"i*tous (#), a.
Acclivous.
I. Taylor.
Ac*cliv"i*ty, n.; pl.
Acclivities (#). [L.
acclivitas, fr. acclivis,
acclivus, ascending; ad + clivus
a hill, slope, fr. root kli to lean. See
Lean.] A slope or inclination of the earth,
as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in
opposition to declivity, or descending; an
upward slope; ascent.
Ac*cli"vous (#; 277), a. [L.
acclivis and acclivus.] Sloping
upward; rising as a hillside; -- opposed to
declivous.
Ac*cloy" (#), v. t. [OF.
encloyer, encloer, F. enclouer,
to drive in a nail, fr. L. in + clavus nail.]
To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to
burden. See Cloy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*coast" (#), v. t. & i. [See
Accost, Coast.] To lie or sail along
the coast or side of; to accost. [Obs.]
Whether high towering or accosting low.
Spenser.
Ac*coil" (#), v. t. [OE.
acoillir to receive, F. accueillir; L.
ad + colligere to collect. See Coil.]
1. To gather together; to collect.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. (Naut.) To coil together.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Ac`co*lade" (#; 277), n. [F.
accolade, It. accolata, fr.
accollare to embrace; L. ad + collum
neck.] 1. A ceremony formerly used in
conferring knighthood, consisting am embrace, and a slight blow
on the shoulders with the flat blade of a sword.
2. (Mus.) A brace used to join two or
more staves.
Ac*com*bi*na"tion (#), n. [L.
ad + E. combination.] A
combining together. [R.]
Ac*com"mo*da*ble (#), a. [Cf.
F. accommodable.] That may be accommodated,
fitted, or made to agree. [R.]
I. Watts.
Ac*com"mo*dable*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being accommodable. [R.]
Todd.
Ac*com"mo*date (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accommodated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accommodating
(#).] [L. accommodatus, p.
p. of accommodare; ad + commodare to make
fit, help; con- + modus measure,
proportion. See Mode.] 1. To render
fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform; as, to
accommodate ourselves to circumstances.
\'bdThey accomodate their counsels to his
inclination.\'b8
Addison.
2. To bring into agreement or harmony; to
reconcile; to compose; to adjust; to settle; as, to
accommodate differences, a dispute, etc.
3. To furnish with something desired, needed, or
convenient; to favor; to oblige; as, to accommodate
a friend with a loan or with lodgings.
4. To show the correspondence of; to apply or make
suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental
circumstances, statements to facts, etc.; as, to
accommodate prophecy to events.
Syn. -- To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange.
Ac*com"mo*date, v. i. To adapt one's
self; to be conformable or adapted. [R.]
Boyle.
Ac*com"mo*date (#), a. [L.
accommodatus, p.p. of accommodare.]
Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means accommodate
to end. [Archaic]
Tillotson.
Ac*com"mo*date*ly, adv. Suitably;
fitly. [R.]
Ac*com"mo*date*ness, n. Fitness.
[R.]
Ac*com"mo*da`ting (#), a.
Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging;
as an accommodating man, spirit, arrangement.
Ac*com`mo*da"tion (#), n. [L.
accommodatio, fr. accommodare: cf. F.
accommodation.]
1. The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of
being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment; -- followed by
to. \'bdThe organization of the body with
accommodation to its functions.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
2. Willingness to accommodate; obligingness.
3. Whatever supplies a want or affords ease,
refreshment, or convenience; anything furnished which is desired
or needful; -- often in the plural; as, the
accomodations -- that is, lodgings and food -- at an
inn.
Sir W. Scott.
4. An adjustment of differences; state of
agreement; reconciliation; settlement. \'bdTo come to terms
of accommodation.\'b8
Macaulay.
5. The application of a writer's language, on the
ground of analogy, to something not originally referred to or
intended.
Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably
intended as nothing more than accommodations.
Paley.
6. (Com.) (a) A loan of
money. (b) An accommodation bill or
note.
Accommodation bill, or
note (Com.), a bill of exchange
which a person accepts, or a note which a person makes and
delivers to another, not upon a consideration received, but for
the purpose of raising money on credit. --
Accommodation coach, or train,
one running at moderate speed and stopping at all or nearly
all stations. -- Accommodation ladder
(Naut.), a light ladder hung over the side of a
ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to,
small boats.
Ac*com"mo*da`tor (#), n. He
who, or that which, accommodates.
Warburton.
Ac*com"pa*na*ble (#), a.
Sociable. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Ac*com"pa*ni*er (#), n. He who,
or that which, accompanies.
Lamb.
Ac*com"pa*ni*ment (#), n. [F.
accompagnement.] That which accompanies;
something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to
give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of
ornament, or for the sake of symmetry. Specifically:
(Mus.) A part performed by instruments,
accompanying another part or parts performed by voices; the
subordinate part, or parts, accompanying the voice or a principal
instrument; also, the harmony of a figured bass.
P. Cyc.
Ac*com"pa*nist (#), n. The
performer in music who takes the accompanying part.
Busby.
Ac*com"pa*ny (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accompanied
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accompanying
(#)] [OF. aacompaignier, F.
accompagner, to associate with, fr. OF.
compaign, compain, companion. See
Company.] 1. To go with or attend as
a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with;
-- followed by with or by; as, he
accompanied his speech with a bow.
The Persian dames, . . .
In sumptuous cars, accompanied his march.
Glover.
They are never alone that are accompanied with
noble thoughts.
Sir P. Sidney.
He was accompanied by two carts filled with wounded
rebels.
Macaulay.
2. To cohabit with. [Obs.]
Sir T. Herbert.
Syn. -- To attend; escort; go with. -- To
Accompany, Attend, Escort. We
accompany those with whom we go as companions. The
word imports an equality of station. We
attend those whom we wait upon or follow. The word
conveys an idea of subordination. We escort
those whom we attend with a view to guard and protect. A
gentleman accompanies a friend to some public place;
he attends or escorts a lady.
Ac*com"pa*ny, v. i. 1. To
associate in a company; to keep company.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Men say that they will drive away one another, . . . and not
accompany together.
Holland.
2. To cohabit (with). [Obs.]
Milton.
3. (Mus.) To perform an accompanying
part or parts in a composition.
Ac*com"ple*tive (#), a. [L.
ad + complere, completum, to fill
up.] Tending to accomplish. [R.]
Ac*com"plice (#), n. [Ac-
(perh. for the article a or for L. ad) + E. complice. See
Complice.]
1. A cooperator. [R.]
Success unto our valiant general,
And happiness to his accomplices!
Shak.
2. (Law) An associate in the commission
of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or
an accessory. \'bdAnd thou, the cursed
accomplice of his treason.\'b8 Johnson.
It is followed by with or of before a
person and by in (or sometimes of) before
the crime; as, A was an accomplice with B in the
murder of C. Dryden uses it with to before a
thing. \'bdSuspected for accomplice to the fire.\'b8
Dryden.
Syn. -- Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate;
confederate; coadjutor; ally; promoter. See
Abettor.
Ac*com"plice*ship (#), n. The
state of being an accomplice. [R.]
Sir H. Taylor.
Ac`com*plic"i*ty (#), n. The
act or state of being an accomplice. [R.]
Ac*com"plish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accomplished
(#), p. pr. & vb. n.
Accomplishing.] [OE.
acomplissen, OF. accomplir, F.
accomplir; L. ad + complere to fill up,
complete. See Complete, Finish.]
1. To complete, as time or distance.
That He would accomplish seventy years in the
desolations of Jerusalem.
Dan. ix. 2.
He had accomplished half a league or more.
Prescott.
2. To bring to an issue of full success; to effect;
to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; as, to
accomplish a design, an object, a promise.
This that is written must yet be accomplished in
me.
Luke xxii. 37.
3. To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to
complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to
polish.
The armorers accomplishing the knights.
Shak.
It [the moon] is fully accomplished for all those
ends to which Providence did appoint it.
Wilkins.
These qualities . . . go to accomplish a perfect
woman.
Cowden Clarke.
4. To gain; to obtain. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect;
effectuate; complete; consummate; execute; achieve; perfect;
equip; furnish. -- To Accomplish,
Effect, Execute, Achieve,
Perform. These words agree in the general idea of
carrying out to some end proposed. To accomplish (to
fill up to the measure of the intention) generally implies
perseverance and skill; as, to accomplish a plan
proposed by one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking.
\'bdThou shalt accomplish my desire.\'b8
1 Kings v. 9.
He . . . expressed his desire to see a union
accomplished between England and Scotland.
Macaulay.
To effect (to work out) is much like
accomplish. It usually implies some degree of
difficulty contended with; as, he effected or
accomplished what he intended, his purpose, but
little. \'bdWhat he decreed, he effected.\'b8
Milton.
To work in close design by fraud or guile
What force effected not.
Milton.
To execute (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or
into effect) implies a set mode of operation; as, to
execute the laws or the orders of another; to
execute a work, a purpose, design, plan, project. To
perform is much like to do, though less
generally applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and
methodical effort; as, to perform a mission, a part, a
task, a work. \'bdThou canst best perform that
office.\'b8
Milton.
The Saints, like stars, around his seat
Perform their courses still.
Keble.
To achieve (to come to the end or arrive at one's
purpose) usually implies some enterprise or undertaking of
importance, difficulty, and excellence.
Ac*com"plish*a*ble (#), a.
Capable of being accomplished; practicable.
Carlyle.
Ac*com"plished (#), a. 1.
Completed; effected; established; as, an
accomplished fact.
2. Complete in acquirements as the result usually
of training; -- commonly in a good sense; as, an
accomplished scholar, an accomplished
villain.
They . . . show themselves accomplished bees.
Holland.
Daughter of God and man, accomplished Eve.
Milton.
Ac*com"plish*er (#), n. One who
accomplishes.
Ac*com"plish*ment (#), n. [F.
accomplissement, fr. accomplir.]
1. The act of accomplishing; entire performance;
completion; fulfillment; as, the accomplishment of
an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc.
2. That which completes, perfects, or equips
thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes
excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education
or training. \'bdMy new accomplishment of
dancing.\'b8 Churchill. \'bdAccomplishments
befitting a station.\'b8 Thackeray.
Accomplishments have taken virtue's place,
And wisdom falls before exterior grace.
Cowper.
Ac*compt" (#; formerly #),
n. See Account.
Accompt, accomptant, etc., are
archaic forms.
Ac*compt"a*ble (#), a. See
Accountable.
Ac*compt"ant (#), n. See
Accountant.
Ac*cord" (#), n. [OE.
acord, accord, OF. acort,
acorde, F. accord, fr. OF.
acorder, F. accorder. See Accord,
v. t.] 1. Agreement or concurrence
of opinion, will, or action; harmony of mind; consent;
assent.
A mediator of an accord and peace between them.
Bacon.
These all continued with one accord in prayer.
Acts i. 14.
2. Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone;
concord; as, the accord of tones.
Those sweet accords are even the angels' lays.
Sir J. Davies.
3. Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of
things; as, the accord of light and shade in
painting.
4. Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to
act; -- preceded by own; as, of one's own
accord.
That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest
thou shalt not reap.
Lev. xxv. 5.
Of his own accord he went unto you.
2 Cor. vii. 17.
5. (Law) An agreement between parties in
controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated,
and which, when executed, bars a suit.
Blackstone.
With one accord, with unanimity.
They rushed with one accord into the theater.
Acts xix. 29.
Ac*cord", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Accorded; p. pr. & vb. n.
According.] [OE. acorden,
accorden, OF. acorder, F.
accorder, fr. LL. accordare; L. ad +
cor, cordis, heart. Cf. Concord,
Discord, and see Heart.] 1.
To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to
another; to adjust; -- followed by to.
[R.]
Her hands accorded the lute's music to the
voice.
Sidney.
2. To bring to an agreement, as persons; to
reconcile; to settle, adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things;
as, to accord suits or controversies.
When they were accorded from the fray.
Spenser.
All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult
can never be accorded but by a competent stock of
critical learning.
South.
3. To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to
award; as, to accord to one due praise.
\'bdAccording his desire.\'b8
Spenser.
Ac*cord", v. i. 1. To agree; to
correspond; to be in harmony; -- followed by with,
formerly also by to; as, his disposition
accords with his looks.
My heart accordeth with my tongue.
Shak.
Thy actions to thy words accord.
Milton.
2. To agree in pitch and tone.
Ac*cord"a*ble (#), a. [OF.
acordable, F. accordable.]
1. Agreeing. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Reconcilable; in accordance.
Ac*cord"ance (#), n. [OF.
acordance.] Agreement; harmony;
conformity. \'bdIn strict accordance with the
law.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Harmony; unison; coincidence.
Ac*cord"an*cy (#), n.
Accordance. [R.]
Paley.
Ac*cord"ant (#), a. [OF.
acordant, F. accordant.]
Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable;
-- followed by with or to.
Strictly accordant with true morality.
Darwin.
And now his voice accordant to the string.
Coldsmith.
Ac*cord"ant*ly, adv. In accordance or
agreement; agreeably; conformably; -- followed by with
or to.
Ac*cord"er (#), n. One who
accords, assents, or concedes. [R.]
Ac*cord"ing, p. a. Agreeing; in
agreement or harmony; harmonious. \'bdThis
according voice of national wisdom.\'b8
Burke. \'bdMind and soul according well.\'b8
Tennyson.
According to him, every person was to be
bought.
Macaulay.
Our zeal should be according to knowledge.
Sprat.
According to has been called a
prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, according
is a participle in the sense of agreeing,
acceding, and to alone is the
preposition.
According as, precisely as; the same as;
corresponding to the way in which. According as is an
adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been doubted; but
good usage sanctions it. See According,
adv.
Is all things well,
According as I gave directions?
Shak.
The land which the Lord will give you according as
he hath promised.
Ex. xii. 25.
p. 13
Ac*cord"ing (#), adv.
Accordingly; correspondingly. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*cord"ing*ly, adv. 1.
Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably; in a manner
conformable.
Behold, and so proceed accordingly.
Shak.
2. In natural sequence; consequently; so.
Syn. -- Consequently; therefore; wherefore; hence; so.
-- Accordingly, Consequently, indicate
a connection between two things, the latter of which is done on
account of the former. Accordingly marks the
connection as one of simple accordance or congruity, leading
naturally to the result which followed; as, he was absent when I
called, and I accordingly left my card; our
preparations were all finished, and we accordingly set
sail. Consequently all finished, and we
accordingly set sail. Consequently marks a
closer connection, that of logical or causal sequence; as, the
papers were not ready, and consequently could not be
signed.
Ac*cor"di*on (#), n. [See
Accord.] (Mus.) A small, portable,
keyed wind instrument, whose tones are generated by play of the
wind upon free metallic reeds.
Ac*cor"di*on*ist, n. A player on the
accordion.
Ac*cord"ment (#), n. [OF.
acordement. See Accord, v.]
Agreement; reconcilement. [Obs.]
Gower.
Ac*cor"po*rate (#), v. t. [L.
accorporare; ad + corpus,
corporis, body.] To unite; to attach; to
incorporate. [Obs.]
Milton.
Ac*cost" (#; 115), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accosted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accosting.] [F.
accoster, LL. accostare to bring side by
side; L. ad + costa rib, side. See Coast, and
cf. Accoast.] 1. To join side to
side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast or side of.
[Obs.] \'bdSo much [of Lapland] as
accosts the sea.\'b8
Fuller.
2. To approach; to make up to.
[Archaic]
Shak.
3. To speak to first; to address; to greet.
\'bdHim, Satan thus accosts.\'b8
Milton.
Ac*cost", v. i. To adjoin; to lie
alongside. [Obs.] \'bdThe shores which to the
sea accost.\'b8
Spenser.
Ac*cost", n. Address; greeting.
[R.]
J. Morley.
Ac*cost"a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
accostable.] Approachable; affable.
[R.]
Hawthorne.
Ac*cost"ed, a. (Her.)
Supported on both sides by other charges; also, side by
side.
\'d8Ac*couche"ment (#; 277), n.
[F., fr. accoucher to be delivered of a child, to
aid in delivery, OF. acouchier orig. to lay down, put
to bed, go to bed; L. ad + collocare to lay, put,
place. See Collate.] Delivery in
childbed
\'d8Ac*cou*cheur" (#), n. [F.,
fr. accoucher. See Accouchement.]
A man who assists women in childbirth; a man midwife; an
obstetrician.
\'d8Ac*cou*cheuse" (#), n.
[F.., fem. of accoucher.] A
midwife. [Recent]
Dunglison.
Ac*count" (#), n. [OE.
acount, account, accompt, OF.
acont, fr. aconter. See Account,
v. t., Count, n., 1.]
1. A reckoning; computation; calculation;
enumeration; a record of some reckoning; as, the Julian
account of time.
A beggarly account of empty boxes.
Shak.
2. A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written
or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits,
and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review;
as, to keep one's account at the bank.
3. A statement in general of reasons, causes,
grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; as, no satisfactory
account has been given of these phenomena. Hence,
the word is often used simply for reason,
ground, consideration, motive,
etc.; as, on no account, on every account,
on all accounts.
4. A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of
transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description;
as, an account of a battle. \'bdA
laudable account of the city of London.\'b8
Howell.
5. A statement and explanation or vindication of
one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon.
Give an account of thy stewardship.
Luke xvi. 2.
6. An estimate or estimation; valuation;
judgment. \'bdTo stand high in your account.\'b8
Shak.
7. Importance; worth; value; advantage;
profit. \'bdMen of account.\'b8 Pope.
\'bdTo turn to account.\'b8 Shak.
Account current, a running or continued
account between two or more parties, or a statement of the
particulars of such an account. -- In account
with, in a relation requiring an account to be
kept. -- On account of, for the sake of; by
reason of; because of. -- On one's own account,
for one's own interest or behalf. -- To make
account, to have an opinion or expectation; to
reckon. [Obs.]
s other part . . . makes account to find no slender
arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which
are commonly urged against it.
Milton.
-- To make account of, to hold in estimation; to
esteem; as, he makes small account of
beauty. -- To take account of, or
to take into account, to take into
consideration; to notice. \'bdOf their doings,
God takes no account.\'b8
Milton. -- A writ of account
(Law), a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding
that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good
cause to the contrary; -- called also an action of
account. Cowell.
Syn. -- Narrative; narration; relation; recital;
description; explanation; rehearsal. --
Account, Narrative, Narration,
Recital. These words are applied to different modes of
rehearsing a series of events. Account turns attention
not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more
properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group
of incidents taken as whole; as, an account of a
battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A narrative is a
continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might
tell to another; as, a narrative of the events of a
siege, a narrative of one's life, etc.
Narration is usually the same as narrative,
but is sometimes used to describe the mode of relating
events; as, his powers of narration are uncommonly
great. Recital denotes a series of events drawn out
into minute particulars, usually expressing something which
peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the
recital of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings,
etc.
1. To reckon; to compute; to count.
[Obs.]
The motion of . . . the sun whereby years are
accounted.
Sir T. Browne.
2. To place to one's account; to put to the credit
of; to assign; -- with to. [R.]
Clarendon.
3. To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge
or consider; to deem.
Accounting that God was able to raise him up.
Heb. xi. 19.
4. To recount; to relate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*count", v. i. 1. To render
or receive an account or relation of particulars; as, an
officer must account with or to the treasurer for money
received.
2. To render an account; to answer in judgment; --
with for; as, we must account for the use
of our opportunities.
3. To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause
of; to explain; -- with for; as, idleness
accounts for poverty.
To account of, to esteem; to prize; to value.
Now used only in the passive. \'bdI account of her
beauty.\'b8
Shak.
Newer was preaching more accounted of than in the
sixteenth century.
Canon Robinson.
Ac*count"a*bil`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to
render an account; accountableness. \'bdThe awful idea of
accountability.\'b8
R. Hall.
Ac*count"a*ble (#), a. 1.
Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable;
as, every man is accountable to God for his
conduct.
2. Capable of being accounted for;
explicable. [R.]
True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and
accountable, -- not a burden but a privilege.
B. Whichcote.
Syn. -- Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.
Ac*count"a*ble ness, n. The quality or
state of being accountable; accountability.
Ac*count"a*bly, adv. In an accountable
manner.
Ac*count"an*cy (#), n. The art
or employment of an accountant.
Ac*count"ant (#), n. [Cf. F.
accomptant, OF. acontant, p. pr.]
1. One who renders account; one accountable.
2. A reckoner.
3. One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts,
accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the
accounts.
Accountatn general, the head or superintending
accountant in certain public offices. Also, formerly, an officer
in the English court of chancery who received the moneys paid
into the court, and deposited them in the Bank of
England.
Ac*count"ant, a. Accountable.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*count"ant*ship (#), n.
[Accountant + -ship.] The
office or employment of an accountant.
Ac*count" book` (#). A book in which
accounts are kept.
Swift.
Ac*cou"ple (#), v. t. [OF.
acopler, F. accoupler. See
Couple.] To join; to couple.
[R.]
The Englishmen accoupled themselves with the
Frenchmen.
Hall.
Ac*cou"ple*ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
accouplement.] 1. The act of
coupling, or the state of being coupled; union.
[R.]
Caxton.
2. That which couples, as a tie or brace.
[R.]
Ac*cour"age (#), v. t. [OF.
acoragier; \'85 (L. ad) +
corage. See Courage.] To
encourage. [Obs.]
Ac*court" (#), v. t.
[Ac-, for L. ad. See
Court.] To treat courteously; to court.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
{ Ac*cou"ter, Ac*cou"tre }
(#), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Accoutered or Accoutred (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Accoutering or
Accoutring.] [F. accouter,
OF. accoutrer, accoustrer; \'85
(L. ad) + perh. LL. custor, for
custos guardian, sacristan (cf. Custody), or
perh. akin to E. guilt.] To furnish with
dress, or equipments, esp. those for military service; to equip;
to attire; to array.
Bot accoutered like young men.
Shak.
For this, in rags accoutered are they seen.
Dryden.
Accoutered with his burden and his staff.
Wordsworth.
{ Ac*cou"ter*ments, Ac*cou"tre*ments
} (#), n. pl. [F.
accoutrement, earlier also accoustrement,
earlier also accoustrement. See
Accouter.] Dress; trappings; equipment;
specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers.
How gay with all the accouterments of war!
Ac*coy" (#), v. t. [OF.
acoyer; ac-, for L. ad. See
Coy.] 1. To render quiet; to
soothe. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To subdue; to tame; to daunt.
[Obs.]
Then is your careless courage accoyed.
Spenser.
Ac*cred"it (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accredited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accrediting.] [F.
accr\'82diter; \'85 (L. ad) +
cr\'82dit credit. See Credit.] 1. To
put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to
sanction.
His censure will . . . accredit his praises.
Cowper.
These reasons . . . which accredit and fortify mine
opinion.
Shelton.
2. To send with letters credential, as an
ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a
messenger or delegate.
Beton . . . was accredited to the Court of
France.
Froude.
3. To believe; to credit; to put trust in.
The version of early Roman history which was
accredited in the fifth century.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
He accredited and repeated stories of apparitions
and witchcraft.
Southey.
4. To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one)
as doing something, or (something) as belonging to some
one.
To accredit (one) with
(something), to attribute something to him; as,
Mr. Clay was accredited with these views; they
accredit him with a wise saying.
Ac*cred`i*ta"tion (#), n. The
act of accrediting; as, letters of
accreditation.
Ac`cre*men*ti"tial (#), a.
(Physiol.) Pertaining to accremention.
Ac`cre*men*ti"tion (#), n. [See
Accresce, Increment.]
(Physiol.) The process of generation by
development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new
formation is in all respect like the individual from which it
proceeds.
Ac*cresce" (#), v. i. [L.
accrescere. See Accrue.] 1.
To accrue. [R.]
2. To increase; to grow. [Obs.]
Gillespie.
Ac*cres"cence (#), n. [LL.
accrescentia.] Continuous growth; an
accretion. [R.]
The silent accrescence of belief from the unwatched
depositions of a general, never contradicted hearsy.
Coleridge.
Ac*cres"cent (#), a. [L.
accrescens, -entis, p. pr. of
accrescere; ad + crescere to grow. See
Crescent.]
1. Growing; increasing.
Shuckford.
2. (Bot.) Growing larger after
flowering.
Gray.
Ac*crete" (#), v. i. [From L.
accretus, p. p. of accrescere to
increase.] 1. To grow together.
2. To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; -- with
to.
Ac*crete", v. t. To make adhere; to
add.
Earle.
Ac*crete", a. 1. Characterized
by accretion; made up; as, accrete
matter.
2. (Bot.) Grown together.
Gray.
Ac*cre"tion (#), n. [L.
accretio, fr. accrescere to increase. Cf.
Crescent, Increase, Accrue.]
1. The act of increasing by natural growth; esp.
the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of
parts; organic growth.
Arbuthnot.
2. The act of increasing, or the matter added, by
an accession of parts externally; an extraneous addition; as,
an accretion of earth.
A mineral . . . augments not by grown, but by
accretion.
Owen.
To strip off all the subordinate parts of his as a later
accretion.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
3. Concretion; coherence of separate particles;
as, the accretion of particles so as to form a solid
mass.
4. A growing together of parts naturally separate,
as of the fingers toes.
Dana.
5. (Law) (a) The adhering of
property to something else, by which the owner of one thing
becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land
by the washing up of sand or sail from the sea or a river, or by
a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.
(b) Gain to an heir or legatee, failure of a coheir
to the same succession, or a co-legatee of the same thing, to
take his share.
Wharton. Kent.
Ac*cre"tive (#), a. Relating to
accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth.
Glanvill.
Ac*crim"i*nate (#), v. t. [L.
ac- (for ad to) +
criminari.] To accuse of a crime.
[Obs.] -- Ac*crim`i*na"tion
(#), n. [Obs.]
Ac*croach" (#), v. t. [OE.
acrochen, accrochen, to obtain, OF.
acrochier, F. accrocher; \'85
(L. ad) + croc hook (E.
crook).] 1. To hook, or draw to
one's self as with a hook. [Obs.]
2. To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal
prerogatives.
They had attempted to accroach to themselves royal
power.
Stubbs.
Ac*croach"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
accrochement.] An encroachment;
usurpation. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ac*cru"al (#), n.
Accrument. [R.]
Ac*crue" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Accrued
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accruing.] [See Accrue,
n., and cf. Accresce,
Accrete.] 1. To increase; to
augment.
And though power failed, her courage did
accrue.
Spenser.
2. To come to by way of increase; to arise or
spring as a growth or result; to be added as increase, profit, or
damage, especially as the produce of money lent.
\'bdInterest accrues to principal.\'b8
Abbott.
The great and essential advantages accruing to
society from the freedom of the press.
Junius.
Ac*crue", n. [F. accr\'96,
OF. acre\'81, p. p. of accroitre, OF.
acroistre to increase; L. ad + crescere to
increase. Cf. Accretion, Crew. See
Crescent.] Something that accrues; advantage
accruing. [Obs.]
Ac*cru"er (#), n. (Law)
The act of accruing; accretion; as, title by
accruer.
Ac*cru"ment (#), n. The process
of accruing, or that which has accrued; increase.
Jer. Taylor.
Ac`cu*ba"tion (#), n. [L.
accubatio, for accubatio, fr.
accubare to recline; ad + cubare to lie
down. See Accumb.] The act or posture of
reclining on a couch, as practiced by the ancients at
meals.
Ac*cumb" (#), v. i. [L.
accumbere; ad + cumbere (only in compounds)
to lie down.] To recline, as at table.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ac*cum"ben*cy (#), n. The state
of being accumbent or reclining. [R.]
Ac*cum"bent (#), a. 1.
Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their
meals.
The Roman.. accumbent posture in eating.
Arbuthnot.
2. (Bot.) Lying against anything, as one
part of a leaf against another leaf.
Gray.
Accumbent cotyledons have their edges placed
against the caulicle.
Eaton.
Ac*cum"bent, n. One who reclines at
table.
Ac*cum"ber (#), v. t. To
encumber. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*cu"mu*late (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accumulated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accumulating.] [L.
accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare; ad +
cumulare to heap. See Cumulate.] To
heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together; to
amass; as, to accumulate a sum of money.
Syn. -- To collect; pile up; store; amass; gather;
aggregate; heap together; hoard.
<-- p. 14 -->
Ac*cu"mu*late (#), v. i. To
grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase
greatly.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates, and men decay.
Goldsmith.
Ac*cu"mu*late (#), a. [L.
accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare.]
Collected; accumulated.
Bacon.
Ac*cu`mu*la"tion (#), n. [L.
accumulatio; cf. F. accumulation.]
1. The act of accumulating, the state of being
accumulated, or that which is accumulated; as, an
accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of
honors.
2. (Law) The concurrence of several
titles to the same proof.
Accumulation of energy or
power, the storing of energy by means of
weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored.
-- An accumulation of degrees (Eng. Univ.),
the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than
usual or than is allowed by the rules.
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive (#), a.
Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass;
cumulative; additional. --
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ly, adv. --
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ness, n.
Ac*cu"mu*la`tor (#), n.
[L.] 1. One who, or that which,
accumulates, collects, or amasses.
2. (Mech.) An apparatus by means of
which energy or power can be stored, such as the cylinder or tank
for storing water for hydraulic elevators, the secondary or
storage battery used for accumulating the energy of electrical
charges, etc.
3. A system of elastic springs for relieving the
strain upon a rope, as in deep-sea dredging.
Ac"cu*ra*cy (#; 277), n. [See
Accurate.] The state of being accurate;
freedom from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness;
exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or model; precision;
exactness; nicety; correctness; as, the value of testimony
depends on its accuracy.
The professed end [of logic] is to teach men to think, to
judge, and to reason, with precision and accuracy.
Reid.
The accuracy with which the piston fits the
sides.
Lardner.
Ac"cu*rate (#), a. [L.
accuratus, p. p. and a., fr. accurare to
take care of; ad + curare to take care,
cura care. See Cure.] 1.
In exact or careful conformity to truth, or to some standard
of requirement, the result of care or pains; free from failure,
error, or defect; exact; as, an accurate calculator;
an accurate measure; accurate expression,
knowledge, etc.
2. Precisely fixed; executed with care;
careful. [Obs.]
Those conceive the celestial bodies have more
accurate influences upon these things below.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Correct; exact; just; nice; particular.
-- Accurate, Correct, Exact,
Precise. We speak of a thing as correct with
reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a
correct account, a correct likeness, a man
of correct deportment. We speak of a thing as
accurate with reference to the care bestowed upon its
execution, and the increased correctness to be expected
therefrom; as, an accurate statement, an
accurate detail of particulars. We speak of a thing as
exact with reference to that perfected state of a
thing in which there is no defect and no redundance; as, an
exact coincidence, the exact truth, an
exact likeness. We speak of a thing as
precise when we think of it as strictly conformed to
some rule or model, as if cut down thereto; as a
precise conformity instructions; precisely
right; he was very precise in giving his
directions.
Ac"cu*rate*ly, adv. In an accurate
manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.
Ac"cu*rate*ness, n. The state or quality
of being accurate; accuracy; exactness; nicety; precision.
Ac*curse" (#), v. t. [OE.
acursien, acorsien; pref. a +
cursien to curse. See Curse.] To devote
to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon; to curse; to
execrate; to anathematize.
And the city shall be accursed.
Josh. vi. 17.
Thro' you, my life will be accurst.
Tennyson.
{ Ac*cursed" (#), Ac*curst"
(#), } p. p. & a. Doomed to
destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the
curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an
accursed deed. Shak. --
Ac*curs"ed*ly, adv. --
Ac*curs"ed*ness, n.
Ac*cus"a*ble (#), a. [L.
accusabilis: cf. F. accusable.]
Liable to be accused or censured; chargeable with a crime or
fault; blamable; -- with of.
Ac*cus"al (#), n.
Accusation. [R.]
Byron.
Ac*cus"ant (#), n. [L.
accusans, p. pr. of accusare: cf. F.
accusant.] An accuser.
Bp. Hall.
Ac`cu*sa"tion (#), n. [OF.
acusation, F. accusation, L.
accusatio, fr. accusare. See
Accuse.]
1. The act of accusing or charging with a crime or
with a lighter offense.
We come not by the way of accusation
To taint that honor every good tongue blesses.
Shak.
2. That of which one is accused; the charge of an
offense or crime, or the declaration containing the charge.
[They] set up over his head his accusation.
Matt. xxvii. 37.
Syn. -- Impeachment; crimination; censure; charge.
Ac*cu`sa*ti"val (#), a.
Pertaining to the accusative case.
Ac*cu"sa*tive (#), a. [F.
accusatif, L. accusativus (in sense 2), fr.
accusare. See Accuse.]
1. Producing accusations; accusatory.
\'bdThis hath been a very accusative age.\'b8
Sir E. Dering.
2. (Gram.) Applied to the case (as the
fourth case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses the
immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive
verb terminates, or the immediate object of motion or tendency
to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to the objective
case in English.
Ac*cu"sa*tive, n. (Gram.) The
accusative case.
Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly, adv. 1. In an
accusative manner.
2. In relation to the accusative case in
grammar.
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al (#), a.
Accusatory.
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al*ly, adv. By way
accusation.
Ac*cu"sa*to*ry (#), a. [L.
accusatorius, fr. accusare.]
Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; as, an
accusatory libel.
Grote.
Ac*cuse" (#), n.
Accusation. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*cuse", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Accused (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Accusing.] [OF.
acuser, F. accuser, L. accusare,
to call to account, accuse; ad + causa cause, lawsuit.
Cf. Cause.] 1. To charge with, or
declare to have committed, a crime or offense;
(Law) to charge with an offense, judicially or by
a public process; -- with of; as, to
accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor.
Neither can they prove the things whereof they now
accuse me.
Acts xxiv. 13.
We are accused of having persuaded Austria and
Sardinia to lay down their arms.
Macaulay.
2. To charge with a fault; to blame; to
censure.
Their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else
excusing one another.
Rom. ii. 15.
3. To betray; to show. [L.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate;
indict; impeach; arraign. -- To Accuse,
Charge, Impeach, Arraign. These words
agree in bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing.
To accuse is a somewhat formal act, and is applied
usually (though not exclusively) to crimes; as, to
accuse of treason. Charge is the most
generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault,
etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to
charge with dishonesty or falsehood. To
arraign is to bring (a person) before a tribunal for
trial; as, to arraign one before a court or at the bar
public opinion. To impeach is officially to charge
with misbehavior in office; as, to impeach a minister
of high crimes. Both impeach and arraign
convey the idea of peculiar dignity or impressiveness.
Ac*cused" (#), a. Charged with
offense; as, an accused person.
Commonly used substantively; as, the accused,
one charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal
case.
Ac*cuse"ment (#), n. [OF.
acusement. See Accuse.]
Accusation. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*cus"er (#), n. [OE.
acuser, accusour; cf. OF.
acuseor, fr. L. accusator, fr.
accusare.] One who accuses; one who brings
a charge of crime or fault.
Ac*cus"ing*ly, adv. In an accusing
manner.
Ac*cus"tom (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accustomed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accustoming.] [OF.
acostumer, acustumer, F.
accoutumer; \'85 (L. ad) + OF.
costume, F. coutume, custom. See
Custom.] To make familiar by use; to
habituate, familiarize, or inure; -- with to.
I shall always fear that he who accustoms himself
to fraud in little things, wants only opportunity to practice it
in greater.
Adventurer.
Syn. -- To habituate; inure; exercise; train.
Ac*cus"tom, v. i. 1. To be
wont. [Obs.]
Carew.
2. To cohabit. [Obs.]
We with the best men accustom openly; you with the
basest commit private adulteries.
Milton.
Ac*cus"tom, n. Custom.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Ac*cus"tom*a*ble (#), a.
Habitual; customary; wonted.
\'bdAccustomable goodness.\'b8
Latimer.
Ac*cus"tom*a*bly, adv. According to
custom; ordinarily; customarily.
Latimer.
Ac*cus"tom*ance (#), n. [OF.
accoustumance, F. accoutumance.]
Custom; habitual use. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly (#), adv.
Customarily. [Obs.]
Ac*cus"tom*a*ry (#), a. Usual;
customary. [Archaic]
Featley.
Ac*cus"tomed (#), a. 1.
Familiar through use; usual; customary. \'bdAn
accustomed action.\'b8
Shak.
2. Frequented by customers.
[Obs.] \'bdA well accustomed shop.\'b8
Smollett.
Ac*cus"tomed*ness, n. Habituation.
Accustomedness to sin hardens the heart.
Bp. Pearce.
Ace (#), n.; pl.
Aces (#). [OE. as, F.
as, fr. L. as, assis, unity,
copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. As.]
1. A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die;
the card or die so marked; as, the ace of
diamonds.
2. Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a
particle; an atom; a jot.
I 'll not wag an ace further.
Dryden.
To bate an ace, to make the least abatement.
[Obs.]M/mark> -- Within an ace of, very
near; on the point of.
W. Irving.
A*cel"da*ma (#), n. [Gr. \'d3k\'c7l dam\'d3 the field of blood.]
The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem,
purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his
Master, and therefore called the field of blood. Fig.:
A field of bloodshed.
The system of warfare . . . which had already converted
immense tracts into one universal aceldama.
De Quincey.
A*cen"tric (#), a. [Gr. Not centered; without
a center.
Ac"e*phal (#), n. [Gr. ac\'82phale, LL.
acephalus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Acephala.
\'d8A*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. Acephal.] (Zo\'94l.) That division
of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells, like the clams
and oysters; -- so called because they have no evident head.
Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda, and
sometimes the Bryozoa. See Mollusca.
A*ceph"a*lan (#), n. Same as
Acephal.
A*ceph"a*lan, a. (Zo\'94l.)
Belonging to the Acephala.
\'d8A*ceph"a*li (#), n. pl.
[LL., pl. of acephalus. See
Acephal.] 1. A fabulous people
reported by ancient writers to have heads.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) A
Christian sect without a leader. (b) Bishops
and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.
3. A class of levelers in the time of K. Henry
I.
A*ceph"a*list (#), n. One who
acknowledges no head or superior.
Dr. Gauden.
A*ceph"a*lo*cyst (#), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.)
A larval entozo\'94n in the form of a subglobular or oval
vesicle, or hy datid, filled with fluid, sometimes found in the
tissues of man and the lower animals; -- so called from the
absence of a head or visible organs on the vesicle. These cysts
are the immature stages of certain tapeworms. Also applied to
similar cysts of different origin.
A*ceph`a*lo*cys"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, the acephalocysts.
A*ceph"a*lous (#), a. [See
Acephal.]
1. Headless.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Without a distinct head;
-- a term applied to bivalve mollusks.
3. (Bot.) Having the style spring from
the base, instead of from the apex, as is the case in certain
ovaries.
4. Without a leader or chief.
5. Wanting the beginning.
A false or acephalous structure of sentence.
De Quincey.
6. (Pros.) Deficient and the beginning,
as a line of poetry.
Brande.
Ac"er*ate (#), n. [See
Aceric.] (Chem.) A combination of
aceric acid with a salifiable base.
Ac"er*ate, a. Acerose;
needle-shaped.
A*cerb" (#), a. [L.
acerbus, fr. acer sharp: cf. F.
acerbe. See Acrid.] Sour, bitter,
and harsh to the taste, as unripe fruit; sharp and harsh.
A*cerb"ate (#), v. t. [L.
acerbatus, p. p. of acerbare, fr.
acerbus.] To sour; to imbitter; to
irritate.
A*cerb"ic (#), a. Sour or
severe.
A*cerb"i*tude (#), n. [L.
acerbitudo, fr. acerbus.]
Sourness and harshness. [Obs.]
Bailey.
A*cerb"i*ty (#), n. [F.
acerbit\'82, L. acerbitas, fr.
acerbus. See Acerb.] 1.
Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like
that of unripe fruit.
2. Harshness, bitterness, or severity; as,
acerbity of temper, of language, of pain.
Barrow.
A*cer"ic (#), a. [L.
acer maple.] Pertaining to, or obtained
from, the maple; as, aceric acid.
Ure.
Ac"er*ose` (#), a. [(a) L.
acerosus chaffy, fr. acus, gen.
aceris, chaff; (b) as if fr. L. acus
needle: cf. F. ac\'82reux.] (Bot.)
(a) Having the nature of chaff; chaffy.
(b) Needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as
the leaf of the pine.
Ac"er*ous (#), a. Same as
Acerose.
Ac"er*ous, a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Destitute
of tentacles, as certain mollusks. (b)
Without antenn\'91, as some insects.
A*cer"val (#), a. [L.
acervalis, fr. acervus heap.]
Pertaining to a heap. [Obs.]
A*cer"vate (#), v. t. [L.
acervatus, p. p. of acervare to heap up,
fr. acervus heap.] To heap up.
[Obs.]
A*cer"vate (#), a. Heaped, or
growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.
Ac`er*va"tion (#), n. [L.
acervatio.] A heaping up;
accumulation. [R.]
Johnson.
A*cer"va*tive (#), a. Heaped
up; tending to heap up.
A*cer"vose (#), a. Full of
heaps. [R.]
Bailey.
A*cer"vu*line (#), a.
Resembling little heaps.
{ A*ces"cence (#), A*ces"cen*cy
(#), } n. [Cf. F.
acescence. See Acescent.] The
quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a
moderate degree of sourness.
Johnson.
A*ces"cent (#), a. [L.
acescens, -entis, p. pr. of
acescere to turn sour; inchoative of acere
to be sour: cf. F. acescent. See Acid.]
Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly
sour.
Faraday.
A*ces"cent, n. A substance liable to
become sour.
Ac"e*ta*ble (#), n. An
acetabulum; or about one eighth of a pint.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Ac`e*tab"u*lar (#), a.
Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.
\'d8Ac`e*tab`u*lif"e*ra (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Acetabuliferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) The division of Cephalopoda in which
the arms are furnished with cup-shaped suckers, as the
cuttlefishes, squids, and octopus; the Dibranchiata. See
Cephalopoda.
Ac`e*tab`u*lif"er*ous (#), a.
[L. acetablum a little cup +
-ferous.] Furnished with fleshy cups for
adhering to bodies, as cuttlefish, etc.
Ac`e*tab"u*li*form (#), a. [L.
acetabulum + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a shallow; saucer-shaped; as, an
acetabuliform calyx.
Gray.
\'d8Ac`e*tab"u*lum (#), n. [L.,
a little saucer for vinegar, fr. acetum vinegar, fr.
acere to be sour.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A vinegar cup; socket
of the hip bone; a measure of about one eighth of a pint,
etc.
2. (Anat.) (a) The bony cup
which receives the head of the thigh bone. (b)
The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its
articulation with the body. (c) A sucker of
the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals. (d)
The large posterior sucker of the leeches.
(e) One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating
animals.
Ac"e*tal (#), n.
[Acetic + alcohol.]
(Chem.) A limpid, colorless, inflammable liquid
from the slow oxidation of alcohol under the influence of
platinum black.
Ac`et*al"de*hyde (#), n. Acetic
aldehyde. See Aldehyde.
Ac`et*am"ide (#), n.
[Acetyl + amide.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline solid, from ammonia
by replacement of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.
Ac`et*an"i*lide (#), n.
[Acetyl + anilide.]
(Med.) A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to
allay fever or pain; -- called also
antifebrine.
Ac`e*ta"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
acetaria, n. pl., salad, fr. acetum
vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] Used in
salads; as, acetarious plants.
<-- p. 15 -->
Ac"e*ta*ry (#), n. [L.
acetaria salad plants.] An acid pulp in
certain fruits, as the pear.
Grew.
Ac"e*tate (#), n. [L.
acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the union
of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; as,
acetate of lead, acetate of potash.
Ac"e*ta`ted (#), a. Combined
with acetic acid.
A*ce"tic (#; 277), a. [L.
acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] (Chem.) (a) Of a pertaining
to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; as,
acetic fermentation. (b)
Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, as
acetic ether, acetic acid. The latter is
the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.
A*cet`i*fi*ca"tion (#), n. The
act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of
becoming converted, into vinegar.
A*cet"i*fi`er (#), n. An
apparatus for hastening acetification.
Knight.
A*cet"i*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acetified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acetifying
(#).] [L. acetum vinegar +
-fly.] To convert into acid or
vinegar.
A*cet"i*fy, v. i. To turn acid.
Encyc. Dom. Econ.
Ac`e*tim"e*ter (#), n. [L.
acetum vinegar + -meter: cf. F.
ac\'82tim\'8atre.] An instrument for
estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid
containing acetic acid.
Ac`e*tim"e*try (#), n. The act
or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the
proportion of acetic acid contained in it.
Ure.
Ac"e*tin (#), n. (Chem.)
A combination of acetic acid with glycerin.
Brande & C.
Ac"e*tize (#), v. i. To
acetify. [R.]
Ac`e*tom"e*ter (#), n. Same as
Acetimeter.
Brande & C.
Ac"e*tone (#), n. [See
Acetic.] (Chem.) A volatile liquid
consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of
oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of
certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric
acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.
ketones.
See Ketone.
Ac`e*ton"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to acetone; as, acetonic
bodies.
Ac"e*tose (#), a. Sour like
vinegar; acetous.
Ac`e*tos"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
acetositas. See Acetous.] The
quality of being acetous; sourness.
A*ce"tous (#; 277), a. [L.
acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] 1. Having a sour taste; sour;
acid. \'bdAn acetous spirit.\'b8
Boyle. \'bdA liquid of an acetous kind.\'b8
Bp. Lowth.
2. Causing, or connected with, acetification;
as, acetous fermentation.
Acetous acid, a name formerly given to
vinegar<-- which contains acetic acid -->.
Ac"e*tyl (#), n. [L.
acetum vinegar + Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) A complex,
hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of
hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.
A*cet"y*lene (#), n.
(Chem.) A gaseous compound of carbon and
hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of
the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant
odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number
of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide.
Its light is very brilliant.
Watts.
{ Ach, Ache } (#),
n. [F. ache, L. apium
parsley.] A name given to several species of plants;
as, smallage, wild celery, parsley.
[Obs.]
Holland.
{ A*ch\'91"an (#), A*cha"ian
(#) } a. [L. Achaeus,
Achaius; Gr. Of or pertaining to
Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian. -- n.
A native of Achaia; a Greek.
\'d8A*char"ne*ment (#), n.
[F.] Savage fierceness; ferocity.
Ach"ate (#), n. An agate.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
A*chate" (#), n. [F.
achat purchase. See Cates.]
1. Purchase; bargaining. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. pl. Provisions. Same as
Cates. [Obs.]
Spenser.
\'d8Ach`a*ti"na (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and
Africa.
A*cha*tour" (#), n. [See
Cater.] Purveyor; acater.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ache (#), n. [OE.
ache, AS. \'91ce, ece, fr.
acan to ache. See Ache, v.
i.] Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden
twinges, or spasmodic pain. \'bdSuch an ache in my
bones.\'bd
Shak.
ache, an earache, a
toothache.
Ache (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ached (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Aching
(#).] [OE. aken, AS.
acan, both strong verbs, AS. acan, imp.
\'d3c, p. p. acen, to ache; perh. orig. to
drive, and akin to agent.] To suffer pain;
to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be
distressed. \'bdMy old bones ache.\'b8
Shak.
The sins that in your conscience ache.
Keble.
A*che"an (#), a & n. See
Ach\'91an, Achaian.
{ A*chene" (#), A*che"ni*um
(#) } n. [Gr. (Bot.) A small, dry, indehiscent
fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a
naked seed by the earlier botanists.
[Written also akene and
ach\'91nium.]
A*che"ni*al (#), a. Pertaining
to an achene.
Ach"e*ron (#), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Myth.) A river in the Nether World
or infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By
some of the English poets it was supposed to be a flaming lake or
gulf.
Shak.
Ach`e*ron"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy;
moribund.
A*chiev"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being achieved.
Barrow.
A*chiev"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
achevance.] Achievement.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
A*chieve" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Achieved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Achieving
(#).] [OE. acheven, OF.
achever, achiever, F. achever,
to finish; \'85 (L. ad) + OF.
chief, F. chef, end, head, fr. L.
caput head. See Chief.] 1.
To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected
state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to achieve a
feat, an exploit, an enterprise.
Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be
achieved in any line by the aid of a capital,
invigorating motive than without it.
I. Taylor.
2. To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion;
to succeed in gaining; to win.
Some are born great, some achieve greatness.
Shak.
Thou hast achieved our liberty.
Milton.
[[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]
Show all the spoils by valiant kings achieved.
Prior.
He hath achieved a maid
That paragons description.
Shak.
3. To finish; to kill. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute;
perform; realize; obtain. See Accomplish.
A*chieve"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
ach\'8avement, E. Hatchment.]
1. The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining
by exertion; successful performance; accomplishment; as, the
achievement of his object.
2. A great or heroic deed; something accomplished
by valor, boldness, or praiseworthy exertion; a feat.
[The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the
most famous achievements of pagan heroes.
Barrow.
The highest achievements of the human
intellect.
Macaulay.
3. (Her.) An escutcheon or ensign
armorial; now generally applied to the funeral shield commonly
called hatchment.
Cussans.
A*chiev"er (#), n. One who
achieves; a winner.
Ach`il*le"an (#), a. Resembling
Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.
A*chil"les' ten"don (#), n. [L.
Achillis tendo.] (Anat.) The
strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles
in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the heel; --
so called from the mythological account of Achilles being held by
the heel when dipped in the River Styx.
A*chi"lous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Without a
lip.
Ach"ing (#), a. That aches;
continuously painful. See Ache. --
Ach"ing*ly, adv.
The aching heart, the aching head.
Longfellow.
\'d8A`chi*o"te (#), n. [Sp.
achiote, fr. Indian achiotl.]
Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter,
annotto.
A*chlam"y*date (#), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
Not possessing a mantle; -- said of certain
gastropods.
Ach`la*myd"e*ous (#), a.
(Bot.) Naked; having no floral envelope, neither
calyx nor corolla.
\'d8A*cho"li*a (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. (Med.)
Deficiency or want of bile.
Ach"o*lous (#), a. (Med.)
Lacking bile.
Ach`ro*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr. achromatique.] 1. (Opt.)
Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it
into its primary colors.
2. (Biol.) Uncolored; not absorbing
color from a fluid; -- said of tissue.
Achromatic lens (Opt.), a lens
composed usually of two separate lenses, a convex and concave, of
substances having different refractive and dispersive powers, as
crown and flint glass, with the curvatures so adjusted that the
chromatic aberration produced by the one is corrected by other,
and light emerges from the compound lens undecomposed. --
Achromatic prism. See Prism. --
Achromatic telescope, or
microscope, one in which the chromatic
aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or
achromatic object glass, and which gives images free from
extraneous color.
Ach`ro*mat"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
In an achromatic manner.
Ach`ro*ma*tic"i*ty (#), n.
Achromatism.
A*chro"ma*tin (#), n.
(Biol.) Tissue which is not stained by fluid
dyes.
W. Flemming.
A*chro"ma*tism (#), n. [Cf. F.
achromatisme.] The state or quality of
being achromatic; as, the achromatism of a
lens; achromaticity.
Nichol.
A*chro`ma*ti*za"tion (#), n.
[Cf. F. achromatisation.] The act or
process of achromatizing.
A*chro"ma*tize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Achromatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Achromatizing
(#).] [Gr. To deprive of color; to make achromatic.
A*chro"ma*top"sy (#), n. [Gr.
Color blindness;
inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.
A*chron"ic (#), a. See
Acronyc.
Ach`ro*\'94*dex"trin (#), n.
[Gr. dextrin.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Dextrin not colorable by iodine.
See Dextrin.
Ach"ro*ous (#), a. [Gr. Colorless; achromatic.
A*chy"lous (#), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Without
chyle.
A*chy"mous (#), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Without
chyme.
\'d8A*cic"u*la (#), n.; pl.
Acicul\'91 (#). [L., a small
needle, dimin. of acus needle.] (Nat.
Hist.) One of the needlelike or bristlelike
spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike
crystal.
A*cic"u*lar (#), a.
Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some
leaves or crystals; also, having sharp points like
needless.
A*cic"u*lar*ly, adv.
{ A*cic"u*late (#),
A*cic"u*la"ted (#) } a.
(Nat. Hist.) (a) Furnished with
acicul\'91. (b) Acicular. (c)
Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a
needle.
Lindley.
A*cic"u*li*form (#), a. [L.
acicula needle + -form.]
Needle-shaped; acicular.
A*cic"u*lite (#), n.
(Min.) Needle ore.
Brande & C.
Ac"id (#), a. [L.
acidus sour, fr. the root ak to be sharp:
cf. F. acide. Cf. Acute.] 1.
Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste
of vinegar: as, acid fruits or liquors. Also fig.:
Sour-tempered.
He was stern and his face as acid as ever.
A. Trollope.
2. Of or pertaining to an acid; as,
acid reaction.
Ac"id, n. 1. A sour
substance.
2. (Chem.) One of a class of compounds,
generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste,
solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet
colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying
the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with
them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar
properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more
negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with
oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or
radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called
hydracids in distinction from the others which are
called oxygen acids or oxacids.
sulphur acids or
sulphacids, selenium acids, or
tellurium acids. When the hydrogen of an acid is
replaced by a positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and
hence acids are sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as
hydrogen nitrate for nitric acid, hydrogen
sulphate for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry the
name acid was applied to the oxides of the negative or
nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called
anhydrides.
A*cid"ic (#), a. (Min.)
Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to
basic.
<-- 2. of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid,
as an acidic solution. -->
Ac`id*if"er*ous (#), a. [L.
acidus sour + -ferous.]
Containing or yielding an acid.
A*cid"i*fi`a*ble (#), a.
Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.
Ac`id*if"ic (#), a. Producing
acidity; converting into an acid.
Dana.
A*cid`i*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. acidification.] The act or process of
acidifying, or changing into an acid.
A*cid"i*fi`er (#), n.
(Chem.) A simple or compound principle, whose
presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine,
bromine, iodine, etc.
A*cid"i*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acidified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidifying
(#).] [L. acidus sour, acid
+ -fy: cf. F. acidifier.] 1.
To make acid; to convert into an acid; as, to
acidify sugar.
2. To sour; to imbitter.
His thin existence all acidified into rage.
Carlyle.
Ac`id*im"e*ter (#), n. [L.
acidus acid + -meter.]
(Chem.) An instrument for ascertaining the
strength of acids.
Ure.
Ac`id*im"e*try (#), n. [L.
acidus acid + -metry.]
(Chem.) The measurement of the strength of acids,
especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical
combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a
certain definite weight of reagent is required. --
Ac`id*i*met"ric*al (#),
a.
A*cid"i*ty (#), n. [L.
acidites, fr. acidus: cf. F.
acidit\'82. See Acid.] The quality
of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste;
as, the acidity of lemon juice.
Ac"id*ly (#), adv. Sourly;
tartly.
Ac"id*ness (#), n. Acidity;
sourness.
A*cid"u*late (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acidulated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidulating
(#).] [Cf. F. aciduler. See
Acidulous.] To make sour or acid in a
moderate degree; to sour somewhat.
Arbuthnot.
A*cid"u*lent (#), a. Having an
acid quality; sour; acidulous. \'bdWith anxious,
acidulent face.\'b8
Carlyle.
A*cid"u*lous (#), a. [L.
acidulus, dim. of acidus. See Acid.]
Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; as, an
acidulous tincture.
E. Burke.
Acidulous mineral waters, such as contain
carbonic anhydride.
Ac`i*er*age (#), n. [F.
aci\'82rage, fr. acier steel.]
The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a
stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic
electricity; steeling.
Ac"i*form (#), a. [L.
acus needle + -form.] Shaped
like a needle.
Ac"i*na"ceous (#), a. [L.
acinus a grape, grapestone.] (Bot.)
Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like
them.
\'d8A*cin"a*ces (#), n. [L.,
from Gr. (Anc. Hist.) A short sword
or saber.
Ac`i*nac"i*form (#), a. [L.
acinaces a short sword + -form: cf. F.
acinaciforme.] (Bot.)
Scimeter-shaped; as, an acinaciform
leaf.
\'d8Ac`i*ne"si*a (#), n.
(Med.) Same as Akinesia.
\'d8Ac`i*ne"t\'91 (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are
stationary. See Suctoria.
Ac`i*net"i*form (#), a.
[Acinet\'91 + -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling the Acinet\'91.
A*cin"i*form (#), a. [L.
acinus a grape, grapestone + -form: cf. F.
acinoforme.] 1. Having the form of
a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.
2. Full of small kernels like a grape.
{ Ac"i*nose` (#), Ac"i*nous
(#) } a. [L. acinosus,
fr. acinus grapestone.] Consisting of
acini, or minute granular concretions; as,
acinose or acinous glands.
Kirwan.
<-- p. 16 -->
\'d8Ac"i*nus (#), n.; pl.
Acini (#). [L., grape,
grapestone.] 1. (Bot.) (a)
One of the small grains or drupelets which make up some
kinds of fruit, as the blackberry, raspberry, etc.
(b) A grapestone.
2. (Anat.) One of the granular masses
which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas;
also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose
gland.
Quain.
\'d8Ac`i*pen"ser (#), n. [L.,
the name of a fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons, having the body armed
with bony scales, and the mouth on the under side of the head.
See Sturgeon.
Ac"i*ur`gy (#), n. [Gr. Operative surgery.
Ac*know" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + know; AS.
oncn\'bewan.] 1. To
recognize. [Obs.] \'bdYou will not be
acknown, sir.\'b8
B. Jonson.
2. To acknowledge; to confess.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
To be acknown (often with of or
on), to acknowledge; to confess.
[Obs.]
We say of a stubborn body that standeth still in the denying
of his fault, This man will not acknowledge his fault, or, He
will not be acknown of his fault.
Sir T. More.
Ac*knowl"edge (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acknowledged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acknowledging
(#).] [Prob. fr. pref. a- +
the verb knowledge. See Knowledge, and
ci. Acknow.] 1. To of or
admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to
declare one's belief in; as, to acknowledge the
being of a God.
I acknowledge my transgressions.
Ps. li. 3.
For ends generally acknowledged to be good.
Macaulay.
2. To own or recognize in a particular character or
relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give
recognition to.
In all thy ways acknowledge Him.
Prov. iii. 6.
By my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee.
Shak.
3. To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an
obligation; as, to acknowledge a favor, the receipt
of a letter.
They his gifts acknowledged none.
Milton.
4. To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal
instrument, to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form;
as, to acknowledgea deed.
Syn. -- To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow;
concede; confess. -- Acknowledge,
Recognize. Acknowledge is opposed to
keep back, or conceal, and supposes that
something had been previously known to us (though perhaps not to
others) which we now feel bound to lay open or make public. Thus,
a man acknowledges a secret marriage; one who has done
wrong acknowledges his fault; and author
acknowledges his obligation to those who have aided
him; we acknowledge our ignorance.
Recognize supposes that we have either forgotten or
not had the evidence of a thing distinctly before our minds, but
that now we know it (as it were) anew, or receive and admit in on
the ground of the evidence it brings. Thus, we
recognize a friend after a long absence. We
recognize facts, principles, truths, etc., when their
evidence is brought up fresh to the mind; as, bad men usually
recognize the providence of God in seasons of danger.
A foreign minister, consul, or agent, of any kind, is
recognized on the ground of his producing satisfactory
credentials. See also Confess.
Ac*knowl"edged*ly (#), adv.
Confessedly.
Ac*knowl"edg*er (#), n. One who
acknowledges.
Ac*knowl"edg*ment (#), n.
1. The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal;
owning; confession. \'bdAn acknowledgment of
fault.\'b8
Froude.
2. The act of owning or recognized in a particular
character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence,
authority, truth, or genuineness.
Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the
Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip.
Hooker.
3. The owning of a benefit received; courteous
recognition; expression of thanks.
Shak.
4. Something given or done in return for a favor,
message, etc.
Smollett.
5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to
give it legal validity; as, the acknowledgment of a
deed before a proper officer. Also, the certificate of the
officer attesting such declaration.
Acknowledgment money, in some parts of
England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their
landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords.
Cowell.
Syn. -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission;
avowal; recognizance.
A*clin"ic (#), a. [Gr. (Physics.) Without
inclination or dipping; -- said the magnetic needle balances
itself horizontally, having no dip. The aclinic line
is also termed the magnetic equator.
Prof. August.
Ac"me (#), n. [Gr. 1. The top or highest point; the
culmination.
The very acme and pitch of life for epic
poetry.
Pope.
The moment when a certain power reaches the acme of
its supremacy.
I. Taylor.
2. (Med.) The crisis or height of a
disease.
3. Mature age; full bloom of life.
B. Jonson.
Ac"ne (#), n. [NL., prob. a
corruption of Gr. (Med.) A pustular
affection of the skin, due to changes in the sebaceous
glands.
Ac*no"dal (#), a. Pertaining to
acnodes.
Ac"node (#), n. [L.
acus needle + E. node.]
(Geom.) An isolated point not upon a curve, but
whose co\'94rdinates satisfy the equation of the curve so that it
is considered as belonging to the curve.
A*cock" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + cock.] In a cocked or
turned up fashion.
A*cock"bill` (#), adv. [Prefix
a- + cock + bill: with bills cocked
up.] (Naut.) (a) Hanging at the
cathead, ready to let go, as an anchor. (b)
Topped up; having one yardarm higher than the other.
A*cold" (#), a. [Prob. p. p. of
OE. acolen to grow cold or cool, AS.
\'bec\'d3lian to grow cold; pref. a- (cf.
Goth. er-, orig. meaning out) +
c\'d3lian to cool. See Cool.]
Cold. [Obs.] \'bdPoor Tom's
acold.\'b8
Shak.
Ac`o*log"ic (#), a. Pertaining
to acology.
A*col"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. -logy.] Materia medica; the
science of remedies.
A*col"o*thist (#), n. See
Acolythist.
Ac`o*lyc"tine (#), n. [From the
name of the plant.] (Chem.) An organic
base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from Aconitum
lycoctonum.
Eng. Cyc.
Ac`o*lyte (#), n. [LL.
acolythus, acoluthus, Gr. acolyte.]
1. (Eccl.) One who has received the
highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being
ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the
Mass.
2. One who attends; an assistant. \'bdWith
such chiefs, and with James and John as acolytes.\'b8
Motley.
Ac"o*lyth (#), n. Same as
Acolyte.
A*col"y*thist (#), n. An
acolyte. [Obs.]
{ A*cond"dy*lose` (#),
A*con"dy*lous (#), } a.
[Gr. (Nat. Hist.)
Being without joints; jointless.
Ac`o*ni"tal (#), a. Of the
nature of aconite.
Ac"o*nite (#), n. [L.
aconitum, Gr. aconit.]
1. (Bot.) The herb wolfsbane, or
monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus
Aconitum (tribe Hellebore), all the species
of which are poisonous.
2. An extract or tincture obtained from
Aconitum napellus, used as a poison and
medicinally.
Winter aconite, a plant (Eranthis
hyemalis) allied to the aconites.
\'d8Ac`o*ni"ti*a (#), n.
(Chem.) Same as Aconitine.
Ac`o*nit"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to aconite.
A*con"i*tine (#), n.
(Chem.) An intensely poisonous alkaloid,
extracted from aconite.
\'d8Ac`o*ni"tum (#), n. [L. See
Aconite.] The poisonous herb aconite; also,
an extract from it.
Strong
As aconitum or rash gunpowder.
Shak.
\'d8A*con"ti*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Threadlike defensive organs, composed
largely of nettling cells (cnid\'91), thrown out of
the mouth or special pores of certain Actini\'91 when
irritated.
\'d8A*con"ti*as (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Anciently, a snake, called dart
snake; now, one of a genus of reptiles closely allied to
the lizards.
A*cop"ic (#), a. [Gr.
priv. + (Med.) Relieving weariness;
restorative.
A"corn (#), n. [AS.
\'91cern, fr. \'91cer field, acre; akin to
D. aker acorn, Ger. ecker, Icel.
akarn, Dan. agern, Goth. akran
fruit, akrs field; -- orig. fruit of the field. See
Acre.] 1. The fruit of the oak,
being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule.
2. (Naut.) A cone-shaped piece of wood
on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the
mast-head.
3. (Zo\'94l.) See
Acorn-shell.
A"corn cup (#). The involucre or cup in
which the acorn is fixed.
A"corned (#), a. 1.
Furnished or loaded with acorns.
2. Fed or filled with acorns.
[R.]
Shak.
A"corn-shell` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the sessile cirripeds; a
barnacle of the genus Balanus. See
Barnacle.
A*cos"mism (#), n. [Gr. A denial of the existence of the
universe as distinct from God.
A*cos"mist (#), n. [See
Acosmism.] One who denies the existence of
the universe, or of a universe as distinct from God.
G. H. Lewes.
A*cot`y*le"don (#; 277), n.
[Gr. Cotyledon.] (Bot.) A plant which
has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.
A*cot`y*led"on*ous (#; 277), a.
Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants
which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.
A*cou"chy (#), n. [F.
acouchi, from the native name Guiana.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small species of agouti
(Dasyprocta acouchy).
A*cou"me*ter (#), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics.) An
instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of
hearing.
Itard.
A*cou"me*try (#), n. [Gr. -metry.] The measuring of the
power or extent of hearing.
A*cous"tic (#; 277), a. [F.
acoustique, Gr. Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs
of hearing, or the science of sounds; auditory.
Acoustic duct, the auditory duct, or external
passage of the ear. -- Acoustic telegraph, a
telegraph making audible signals; a telephone. --
Acoustic vessels, brazen tubes or vessels, shaped
like a bell, used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the
actors, so as to render them audible to a great
distance.
A*cous"tic, n. A medicine or agent to
assist hearing.
A*cous"tic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to acoustics.
A*cous"tic*al*ly (#), adv. In
relation to sound or to hearing.
Tyndall.
Ac`ous*ti"cian (#), n. One
versed in acoustics.
Tyndall.
A*cous"tics (#; 277), n. [Names
of sciences in -ics, as, acoustics,
mathematics, etc., are usually treated as singular.
See -ics.] (Physics.) The science
of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena, and laws.
Acoustics, then, or the science of sound, is a very
considerable branch of physics.
Sir J. Herschel.
diacoustics, which explains the properties of sounds
coming directly from the ear; and catacoustica, which
treats of reflected sounds or echoes.
Ac*quaint" (#), a. [OF.
acoint. See Acquaint, v. t.]
Acquainted. [Obs.]
Ac*quaint", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Acquainted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acquainting.] [OE.
aqueinten, acointen, OF.
acointier, LL. adcognitare, fr. L. ad
+ cognitus, p. p. of cognoscere to know;
con- + noscere to know. See
Quaint, Know.] 1. To
furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) to know;
to make familiar; -- followed by with.
Before a man can speak on any subject, it is necessary to be
acquainted with it.
Locke.
A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief.
Isa. liii. 3.
2. To communicate notice to; to inform; to make
cognizant; -- followed by with (formerly, also, by
of), or by that, introducing the
intelligence; as, to acquaint a friend with the
particulars of an act.
Acquaint her here of my son Paris' love.
Shak.
I must acquaint you that I have received
New dated letters from Northumberland.
Shak.
3. To familiarize; to accustom.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
To be acquainted with, to be possessed of
personal knowledge of; to be cognizant of; to be more or less
familiar with; to be on terms of social intercourse
with.
Syn. -- To inform; apprise; communicate; advise.
Ac*quaint"a*ble (#), a. [Cf.
OF. acointable]. Easy to be acquainted
with; affable. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Ac*quaint"ance (#), n. [OE.
aqueintance, OF. acointance, fr.
acointier. See Acquaint.] 1.
A state of being acquainted, or of having intimate, or more
than slight or superficial, knowledge; personal knowledge gained
by intercourse short of that of friendship or intimacy; as, I
know the man; but have no acquaintance with
him.
Contract no friendship, or even acquaintance, with
a guileful man.
Sir W. Jones.
2. A person or persons with whom one is
acquainted.
Montgomery was an old acquaintance of Ferguson.
Macaulay.
acquaintance was formerly both singular and plural,
but it is now commonly singular, and has the regular plural
acquaintances.
To be of acquaintance, to be intimate. --
To take acquaintance of or
with, to make the acquaintance of.
[Obs.]
Syn. -- Familiarity; intimacy; fellowship; knowledge.
-- Acquaintance, Familiarity,
Intimacy. These words mark different degrees of
closeness in social intercourse. Acquaintance arises
from occasional intercourse; as, our acquaintance has
been a brief one. We can speak of a slight or an intimate
acquaintance. Familiarity is the result of
continued acquaintance. It springs from persons being
frequently together, so as to wear off all restraint and reserve;
as, the familiarity of old companions.
Intimacy is the result of close connection, and the
freest interchange of thought; as, the intimacy of
established friendship.
Our admiration of a famous man lessens upon our nearer
acquaintance with him.
Addison.
We contract at last such a familiarity with them as
makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds.
Atterbury.
It is in our power to confine our friendships and
intimacies to men of virtue.
Rogers.
Ac*quaint"ance*ship, n. A state of being
acquainted; acquaintance.
Southey.
Ac*quaint"ant (#), n. [Cf. F.
acointant, p. pr.] An acquaintance.
[R.]
Swift.
Ac*quaint"ed, a. Personally known;
familiar. See To be acquainted with, under
Acquaint, v. t.
Ac*quaint"ed*ness, n. State of being
acquainted; degree of acquaintance. [R.]
Boyle.
Ac*quest" (#), n. [OF.
aquest, F. acqu\'88t, fr. LL.
acquestum, acquis\'c6tum, for L.
acquis\'c6tum, p. p. (used substantively) of
acquirere to acquire. See Acquire.]
1. Acquisition; the thing gained.
[R.]
Bacon.
2. (Law) Property acquired by purchase,
gift, or otherwise than by inheritance.
Bouvier.
Ac`qui*esce" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Acquiesced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiescing
(#)] [L. acquiescere;
ad + quiescere to be quiet, fr. quies rest:
cf. F. acquiescer. See Quiet.]
1. To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or
to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying
previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by
silence or by omitting to object; -- followed by in,
formerly also by with and to.
They were compelled to acquiesce in a government
which they did not regard as just.
De Quincey.
2. To concur upon conviction; as, to
acquiesce in an opinion; to assent to; usually, to
concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.
Syn. -- To submit; comply; yield; assent; agree; consent;
accede; concur; conform; accept tacitly.
Ac`qui*es"cence (#), n. [Cf. F.
acquiescence.]
1. A silent or passive assent or submission, or a
submission with apparent content; -- distinguished from avowed
consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or
open discontent; quiet satisfaction.
2. (Crim. Law) (a) Submission
to an injury by the party injured. (b) Tacit
concurrence in the action of another.
Wharton.
p. 17
Ac`qui*es"cen*cy (#), n. The
quality of being acquiescent; acquiescence.
Ac`qui*es"cent (#), a. [L.
acquiescens, -; p. pr.]
Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit;
assentive; as, an acquiescent policy.
Ac`qui*es"cent*ly, adv. In an
acquiescent manner.
Ac*qui"et (#), v. t. [LL.
acquietare; L. ad + quies rest. See
Quiet and cf. Acquit.] To
quiet. [Obs.]
Acquiet his mind from stirring you against your own
peace.
Sir A. Sherley.
Ac*quir"a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being acquirable; attainableness.
[R.]
Paley.
Ac*quir"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being acquired.
Ac*quire" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acquired
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiring
(#).] [L. acquirere,
acquisitum; ad + quarere to seek for. In
OE. was a verb aqueren, fr. the same, through OF.
aquerre. See Quest..] To gain,
usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own; as, to
acquire a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad
habits.
No virtue is acquired in an instant, but step by
step.
Barrow.
Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his
ancestor, acquires his estate, by right of
representation, as his heir at law.
Blackstone.
Syn. -- To obtain; gain; attain; procure; win; earn; secure.
See Obtain.
Ac*quire"ment (#), n. The act
of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment.
\'bdRules for the acquirement of a taste.\'b8
Addison.
His acquirements by industry were . . . enriched
and enlarged by many excellent endowments of nature.
Hayward.
Syn. -- Acquisition, Acquirement.
Acquirement is used in opposition to a natural
gift or talent; as, eloquence, and skill in music and painting,
are acquirements; genius is the gift or endowment of
nature. It denotes especially personal attainments, in
opposition to material or external things gained, which are more
usually called acquisitions; but this distinction is
not always observed.
Ac*quir"er (#), n. A person who
acquires.
Ac*quir"y (#), n.
Acquirement. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Ac"qui*site (#), a. [L.
acquisitus, p. p. of acquirere. See
Acquire.] Acquired. [Obs.]
Burton.
Ac`qui*si"tion (#), n. [L.
acquisitio, fr. acquirere: cf. F.
acquisition. See Acquire.] 1.
The act or process of acquiring.
The acquisition or loss of a province.
Macaulay.
2. The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a
gain; as, learning is an acquisition.
Syn. -- See Acquirement.
Ac*quis"i*tive (#), a. 1.
Acquired. [Obs.]
He died not in his acquisitive, but in his native
soil.
Wotton.
2. Able or disposed to make acquisitions;
acquiring; as, an acquisitive person or
disposition.
Ac*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. In the way of
acquisition.
Ac*quis"i*tive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being acquisitive; propensity to acquire property;
desire of possession.
2. (Phren.) The faculty to which the
phrenologists attribute the desire of acquiring and
possessing.
Combe.
Ac*quis"i*tor (#), n. One who
acquires.
Ac*quist" (#), n. [Cf.
Acquest.] Acquisition; gain.
Milton.
Ac*quit" (#), p. p. Acquitted;
set free; rid of. [Archaic]
Shak.
Ac*quit", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Acquitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acquitting.] [OE. aquiten,
OF. aquiter, F. acquitter;
(L. ad) + OF. quiter, F.
quitter, to quit. See Quit, and cf.
Acquiet.] 1. To discharge, as a
claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to requite.
A responsibility that can never be absolutely
acquitted.
I. Taylor.
2. To pay for; to atone for.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To set free, release or discharge from an
obligation, duty, liability, burden, or from an accusation or
charge; -- now followed by of before the charge,
formerly by from; as, the jury acquitted
the prisoner; we acquit a man of evil
intentions.
4. Reflexively: (a) To clear one's
self.k. (b) To bear or conduct one's self; to
perform one's part; as, the soldier acquitted
himself well in battle; the orator acquitted himself
very poorly.
Syn. -- To absolve; clear; exonerate; exonerate; exculpate;
release; discharge. See Absolve.
Ac*quit"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
aquitement.] Acquittal.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Ac*quit"tal (#), n. 1.
The act of acquitting; discharge from debt or obligation;
acquittance.
2. (Law) A setting free, or deliverance
from the charge of an offense, by verdict of a jury or sentence
of a court.
Bouvier.
Ac*quit"tance (#), n. [OF.
aquitance, fr. aquiter. See
Acquit.] 1. The clearing off of debt
or obligation; a release or discharge from debt or other
liability.
2. A writing which is evidence of a discharge; a
receipt in full, which bars a further demand.
You can produce acquittances
For such a sum, from special officers.
Shak.
Ac*quit"tance, v. t. To acquit.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*quit"ter (#), n. One who
acquits or releases.
\'d8A*cra"ni*a (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. 1.
(Physiol.) Partial or total absence of the
skull.
2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The lowest
group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in which no skull
exists.
A*cra"ni*al (#), a. Wanting a
skull.
{ A*crase", A*craze" }
(#), v. t. [Pref. a- +
crase; or cf. F. \'82craser to crush. See
Crase, Craze.]
1. To craze. [Obs.]
Grafton.
2. To impair; to destroy. [Obs.]
Hacket.
{ \'d8A*cra"si*a (#), Ac"ra*sy
(#) } n. [Gr.
akrasia.] Excess; intemperance.
[Obs. except in Med.]
Farindon.
\'d8A*cras"pe*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs, including most of
the larger jellyfishes; the Discophora.
A"cre (#), n. [OE.
aker, AS. \'91cer; akin to OS.
accar, OHG. achar, Ger. acker,
Icel. akr, Sw. \'86ker, Dan.
ager, Goth. akrs, L. ager, Gr.
ajra. \'fb2, 206.] 1.
Any field of arable or pasture land.
[Obs.]
2. A piece of land, containing 160 square rods, or
4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet. This is the English
statute acre. That of the United States is the same. The Scotch
acre was about 1.26 of the English, and the Irish 1.62
of the English.
acre was limited to its present
definite quantity by statutes of Edward I., Edward III., and
Henry VIII.
Broad acres, many acres, much landed estate.
[Rhetorical] -- God's acre,
God's field; the churchyard.
I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls
The burial ground, God's acre.
Longfellow.
A"cre*a*ble (#), a. Of an acre;
per acre; as, the acreable produce.
A"cre*age (#), n. Acres
collectively; as, the acreage of a farm or a
country.
A"cred (#), a. Possessing acres
or landed property; -- used in composition; as,
large-acred men.
Ac"rid (#), a. [L.
acer sharp; prob. assimilated in form to
acid. See Eager.] 1.
Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not, to the taste; pungent;
as, acrid salts.
2. Causing heat and irritation; corrosive; as,
acrid secretions.
3. Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating; as,
acrid temper, mind, writing.
Acrid poison, a poison which irritates,
corrodes, or burns the parts to which it is applied.
{ A*crid"i*ty (#), Ac"rid*ness
(#) } n. The quality of being
acrid or pungent; irritant bitterness; acrimony; as, the
acridity of a plant, of a speech.
Ac"rid*ly (#), adv. In an acid
manner.
Ac"ri*mo"ni*ous (#), a. [Cf.
LL. acrimonious, F. acrimonieux.]
1. Acrid; corrosive; as, acrimonious
gall. [Archaic]
Harvey.
2. Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic; as,
acrimonious dispute, language, temper.
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. In an
acrimonious manner.
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. The quality of
being acrimonious; asperity; acrimony.
Ac"ri*mo*ny (#), n.; pl.
Acrimonies (#). [L.
acrimonia, fr. acer, sharp: cf. F.
acrimonie.] 1. A quality of bodies
which corrodes or destroys others; also, a harsh or biting
sharpness; as, the acrimony of the juices of certain
plants. [Archaic]
Bacon.
2. Sharpness or severity, as of language or temper;
irritating bitterness of disposition or manners.
John the Baptist set himself with much acrimony and
indignation to baffle this senseless arrogant conceit of
theirs.
South.
Syn. -- Acrimony, Asperity,
Harshness, Tartness. These words
express different degrees of angry feeling or language.
Asperity and harshness arise from angry
feelings, connected with a disregard for the feelings of others.
Harshness usually denotes needless severity or an
undue measure of severity. Acrimony is a biting
sharpness produced by an imbittered spirit. Tartness
denotes slight asperity and implies some degree of intellectual
readiness. Tartness of reply; harshness of
accusation; acrimony of invective.
In his official letters he expressed, with great
acrimony, his contempt for the king's character.
Macaulay.
It is no very cynical asperity not to confess
obligations where no benefit has been received.
Johnson.
A just reverence of mankind prevents the growth of
harshness and brutality.
Shaftesbury.
{ \'d8A*cris"i*a (#), Ac"ri*sy
(#), } n. [LL. acrisia,
Gr.
1. Inability to judge.
2. (Med.) Undecided character of a
disease. [Obs.]
\'d8Ac"ri*ta (#), n. pl. [NL.,
from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The lowest groups
of animals, in which no nervous system has been observed.
Ac"ri*tan (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Acrita. --
n. An individual of the Acrita.
Ac"rite (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Acritan.
Owen.
A*crit"ic*al (#), a. [Gr. (Med.) Having no
crisis; giving no indications of a crisis; as,
acritical symptoms, an acritical
abscess.
Ac`ri*to*chro"ma*cy (#), n.
[Gr. Color blindness;
achromatopsy.
Ac"ri*tude (#), n. [L.
acritudo, from acer sharp.]
Acridity; pungency joined with heat.
[Obs.]
Ac"ri*ty (#), n. [L.
acritas, fr. acer sharp: cf. F.
\'83cret\'82.] Sharpness; keenness.
[Obs.]
{ Ac`ro*a*mat"ic (#),
Ac`ro*a*mat"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. Communicated orally;
oral; -- applied to the esoteric teachings of
Aristotle, those intended for his genuine disciples, in
distinction from his exoteric doctrines, which were
adapted to outsiders or the public generally. Hence: Abstruse;
profound.
Ac`ro*at"ic (#), a. [Gr. Same as Acroamatic.
Ac"ro*bat (#), n. [F.
acrobate, fr. Gr. One who practices rope
dancing, high vaulting, or other daring gymnastic feats.
Ac`ro*bat"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
acrobatique.] Pertaining to an
acrobat.
-- Ac`ro*bat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ac"ro*bat*ism (#), n. Feats of
the acrobat; daring gymnastic feats; high vaulting.
Ac`ro*car"pous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.)
(a) Having a terminal fructification; having the
fruit at the end of the stalk. (b) Having the
fruit stalks at the end of a leafy stem, as in certain
mosses.
Ac`ro*ce*phal"ic (#), a. [Gr.
Cephalic.]
Characterized by a high skull.
Ac`ro*ceph"a*ly (#), n.
Loftiness of skull.
Ac`ro*ce*rau"ni*an (#), a. [L.
acroceraunius, fr. Gr. Of or pertaining to the high
mountain range of \'bdthunder-smitten\'b8 peaks (now Kimara),
between Epirus and Macedonia.
Shelley.
\'d8Ac`ro*dac"tyl*um (#), n.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The upper surface of the toes,
individually.
Ac"ro*dont (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One
of a group of lizards having the teeth immovably united to the
top of the alveolar ridge. -- a. Of or pertaining to
the acrodonts.
Ac"ro*gen (#), n. [Gr. -gen.]
Ac"ro*gen (#), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) A
plant of the highest class of cryptograms, including the ferns,
etc. See Cryptogamia.
The Age of Acrogens (Geol.), the
age of coal plants, or the carboniferous era.
Ac*rog"e*nous (#), a.
(Bot.) Increasing by growth from the extremity;
as, an acrogenous plant.
A*cro"le*in (#), n. [L.
acer sharp + ol\'c7re to smell.]
(Chem.) A limpid, colorless, highly volatile
liquid, obtained by the dehydration of glycerin, or the
destructive distillation of neutral fats containing glycerin. Its
vapors are intensely irritating.
Watts.
Ac"ro*lith (#), n. [L.
acrolthus, Gr. with the ends made of
stone; (Arch. &
Sculp.) A statue whose extremities are of stone, the
trunk being generally of wood.
Elmes.
{ A*crol"i*than (#),
Ac`ro*lith"ic (#), } a.
Pertaining to, or like, an acrolith.
Ac`ro*meg"a*ly (#), n. [NL.
acromegalia, fr. Gr. (Med.) Chronic enlargement of the
extremities and face.
A*cro"mi*al (#), a. [Cf. F.
acromial.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the acromion.
Dunglison.
\'d8A*cro"mi*on (#), n. [Gr.
acromion.] (Anat.) The outer
extremity of the shoulder blade.
Ac`ro*mon`o*gram*mat"ic (#), a.
[Gr.
Having each verse begin with the same letter as that with
which the preceding verse ends.
{ A*cron"yc (#), A*cron"ych*al
(#), } a. [Gr. (Astron.) Rising at
sunset and setting at sunrise, as a star; -- opposed to
cosmical.
acronical, achronychal,
acronichal, and acronical.
A*cron"yc*al*ly, adv. In an acronycal
manner as rising at the setting of the sun, and vise
vers\'83.
Ac"ro*nyc"tous (#), a. [Gr.
(Astron.)
Acronycal.
A*crook" (#), adv.
Crookedly. [R.]
Udall.
A*crop"e*tal (#), a. [Gr. petere to seek.] (Bot.)
Developing from below towards the apex, or from the
circumference towards the center; centripetal; -- said of certain
inflorescence.
A*chroph"o*ny (#), n. [Gr. The use of a picture symbol of
an object to represent phonetically the initial sound of the name
of the object.
\'d8Ac`ro*po"di*um (#), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.)
The entire upper surface of the foot.
A*crop"o*lis (#), n. [Gr. The upper part, or the
citadel, of a Grecian city; especially, the citadel of
Athens.
Ac"ro*pol"i*tan (#), a.
Pertaining to an acropolis.
Ac"ro*spire (#), n. [Gr. (Bot.) The sprout at
the end of a seed when it begins to germinate; the plumule in
germination; -- so called from its spiral form.
Ac"ro*spire, v. i. To put forth the
first sprout.
Ac"ro*spore (#), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A spore borne at the
extremity of the cells of fructification in fungi.
Ac"ro*spor"ous (#), a. Having
acrospores.
A*cross" (#; 115), prep. [Pref.
a- + cross: cf. F. en croix. See
Cross, n.] From side to side; athwart;
crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length; quite over;
as, a bridge laid across a river.
Dryden.
To come across, to come upon or meet
incidentally. Freeman. -- To go across the
country, to go by a direct course across a region
without following the roads.
A*cross", adv. 1. From side to
side; crosswise; as, with arms folded
across.
Shak.
2. Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry.
[Obs.]
The squint-eyed Pharisees look across at all the
actions of Christ.
Bp. Hall.
A*cros"tic (#) (#), n.
[Gr.
1. A composition, usually in verse, in which the
first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters,
taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto.
2. A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas
begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm
cxix.). See Abecedarian.
Double acrostic, a species of enigma<--
crossword puzzle -->, in which words are to be guessed whose
initial and final letters form other words.
{ A*cros"tic (#), A*cros"ti*al
(#), } n. Pertaining to, or
characterized by, acrostics.
A*cros"tic*al*ly, adv. After the manner
of an acrostic.
\'d8Ac`ro*tar"si*um (#), n.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The instep or front of the
tarsus.
<-- p. 18 -->
Ac`ro*te*leu"tic (#), n. [Gr.
(Eccles.) The end
of a verse or psalm, or something added thereto, to be sung by
the people, by way of a response.
Ac"ro*ter (#), n. [F.
acrot\'8are. See Acroterium.]
(Arch.) Same as Acroterium.
Ac`ro*te"ri*al (#), a.
Pertaining to an acroterium; as, ornaments.
P. Cyc.
\'d8Ac`ro*te`ri*um (#), n.; pl.
Acrotplwia (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.) (a)
One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments,
placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment.
Acroteria are also sometimes placed upon the gables in Gothic
architecture. J. H. Parker. (b) One
of the pedestals, for vases or statues, forming a part roof
balustrade.
A*crot"ic (#), a. [Gr. (Med.) Pertaining to or
affecting the surface.
Ac"ro*tism (#), n. [Gr. (Med.)
Lack or defect of pulsation.
A*crot"o*mous (#), a. [Gr. (Min.)
Having a cleavage parallel with the base.
A*cryl"ic (#), a. (Chem.)
Of or containing acryl, the hypothetical radical
of which acrolein is the hydride; as, acrylic
acid.
Act (#), n. [L.
actus, fr. agere to drive, do: cf. F.
acte. See Agent.] 1. That
which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of
which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed.
That best portion of a good man's life,
His little, nameless, unremembered acts
Of kindness and of love.
Wordsworth.
Hence, in specific uses: (a) The result of public
deliberation; the decision or determination of a legislative
body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree, edit, law,
judgment, resolve, award; as, an act of Parliament,
or of Congress. (b) A formal solemn
writing, expressing that something has been done.
Abbott. (c) A performance of part of a
play; one of the principal divisions of a play or dramatic work
in which a certain definite part of the action is
completed. (d) A thesis maintained in public,
in some English universities, by a candidate for a degree, or to
show the proficiency of a student.
2. A state of reality or real existence as opposed
to a possibility or possible existence. [Obs.]
The seeds of plants are not at first in act, but in
possibility, what they afterward grow to be.
Hooker.
3. Process of doing; action. In act, in
the very doing; on the point of (doing). \'bdIn
act to shoot.\'b8
Dryden.
This woman was taken . . . in the very act.
John viii. 4.
Act of attainder. (Law) See
Attainder. -- Act of bankruptcy
(Law), an act of a debtor which renders him liable
to be adjudged a bankrupt. -- Act of faith.
(Ch. Hist.) See Auto-da-F\'82. --
Act of God (Law), an inevitable
accident; such extraordinary interruption of the usual course of
events as is not to be looked for in advance, and against which
ordinary prudence could not guard. -- Act of
grace, an expression often used to designate an act
declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the
beginning of a new reign. -- Act of indemnity,
a statute passed for the protection of those who have
committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties.
Abbott. -- Act in pais, a thing done out
of court (anciently, in the country), and not a matter
of record.
Syn. -- See Action.
Act, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Acted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acting.] [L. actus, p. p. of
agere to drive, lead, do; but influenced by E.
act, n.] 1. To move to action; to
actuate; to animate. [Obs.]
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul.
Pope.
2. To perform; to execute; to do.
[Archaic]
That we act our temporal affairs with a desire no
greater than our necessity.
Jer. Taylor.
Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of
acting things expedient for us to do.
Barrow.
Uplifted hands that at convenient times
Could act extortion and the worst of crimes.
Cowper.
3. To perform, as an actor; to represent
dramatically on the stage.
4. To assume the office or character of; to play;
to personate; as, to act the hero.
5. To feign or counterfeit; to simulate.
With acted fear the villain thus pursued.
Dryden.
To act a part, to sustain the part of one of
the characters in a play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble.
-- To act the part of, to take the character of;
to fulfill the duties of.
Act, v. i. 1. To exert power;
to produce an effect; as, the stomach acts upon
food.
2. To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put
forth energy; to move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry
into effect a determination of the will.
He hangs between, in doubt to act or rest.
Pope.
3. To behave or conduct, as in morals, private
duties, or public offices; to bear or deport one's self; as,
we know not why he has acted so.
4. To perform on the stage; to represent a
character.
To show the world how Garrick did not act.
Cowper.
To act as for, to do the
work of; to serve as. -- To act on, to
regulate one's conduct according to. -- To act up
to, to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; as,
he has acted up to his engagement or his
advantages.<-- to act up, to misbehave -->
Act"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being acted.
Tennyson.
Ac"ti*nal (#), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
part of a radiate animal which contains the mouth.
L. Agassiz.
\'d8Ac`ti*na"ri*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
A large division of Anthozoa, including those which have
simple tentacles and do not form stony corals. Sometimes, in a
wider sense, applied to all the Anthozoa, expert the Alcyonaria,
whether forming corals or not.
Act"ing (#), a. 1.
Operating in any way.
2. Doing duty for another; officiating; as, an
superintendent.
\'d8Ac*tin"i*a (#), n.; pl. L.
Actini\'91 (#), E. Actinias
(#). [Latinized fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal of the class
Anthozoa, and family Actinid\'91. From a resemblance
to flowers in form and color, they are often called
animal flowers and sea
anemones. [See Polyp.]. (b)
A genus in the family Actinid\'91.
Ac*tin"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to actinism; as, actinic rays.
Ac*tin"i*form (#), a. [Gr. -form.] Having a radiated form,
like a sea anemone.
Ac"tin*ism (#), n. [Gr. The property of radiant energy (found
chiefly in solar or electric light) by which chemical changes are
produced, as in photography.
Ac*tin"i*um (#), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A supposed metal, said
by Phipson to be contained in commercial zinc; -- so called
because certain of its compounds are darkened by exposure to
light.
Ac`ti*no-chem"is*try (#), n.
Chemistry in its relations to actinism.
Draper.
Ac*tin"o*graph (#), n. [Gr.
-graph.] An instrument for
measuring and recording the variations in the actinic
or chemical force of rays of light.
Nichol.
Ac"tin*oid (#), a. [Gr. -oid.] Having the form of rays;
radiated, as an actinia.
Ac*tin"o*lite (#), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A
bright green variety of amphibole occurring usually in fibrous or
columnar masses.
Ac`tin*o*lit"ic (#), a.
(Min.) Of the nature of, or containing,
actinolite.
Ac`ti*nol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
-logy.] The science which
treats of rays of light, especially of the actinic or chemical
rays.
Ac*tin"o*mere (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
radial segments composing the body of one of the
C\'d2lenterata.
Ac`ti*nom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
-meter] (a) An
instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's
rays. (b) An instrument for measuring the
actinic effect of rays of light.
Ac`ti*no*met"ric (#), a.
Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of the solar
rays, either (a) heating, or (b) actinic.
Ac`ti*nom"e*try (#), n. 1.
The measurement of the force of solar radiation.
Maury.
2. The measurement of the chemical or actinic
energy of light.
Abney.
Ac`ti*noph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.
Having straight
projecting spines.
Ac*tin"o*some (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The entire body
of a c\'d2lenterate.
Ac"tin*ost (#), n. [Gr. (Anat.) One of the bones at the
base of a paired fin of a fish.
Ac*tin"o*stome (#), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.)
The mouth or anterior opening of a c\'d2lenterate
animal.
\'d8Ac`ti*not"ro*cha (#), n. pl.
[NL.; Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar larval form of
Phoronis, a genus of marine worms, having a circle of
ciliated tentacles.
\'d8Ac"ti*no*zo"a (#), n. pl.
[Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A group of C\'d2lenterata, comprising
the Anthozoa Ctenophora. The sea anemone, or actinia, is a
familiar example.
Ac`ti*no*zo"al (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Actinozoa.
\'d8Ac"ti*no*zo"\'94n (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Actinozoa.
\'d8Ac*tin"u*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (Tubularia),
having a stellate form.
Ac"tion (#), n. [OF.
action, L. actio, fr. agere to
do. See Act.] 1. A process or
condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of
something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on
another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another;
agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat;
a man of action.
One wise in council, one in action brave.
Pope.
2. An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise.
(pl.): Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior;
demeanor.
The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him actions
are weighed.
1 Sam. ii. 3.
3. The event or connected series of events, either
real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other
composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.
4. Movement; as, the horse has a spirited
action.
5. (Mech.) Effective motion; also,
mechanism; as, the breech action of a
gun.
6. (Physiol.) Any one of the active
processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function;
as, the action of the heart, the muscles, or the
gastric juice.
7. (Orat.) Gesticulation; the external
deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice,
gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the
feelings.
8. (Paint. & Sculp.) The attitude or
position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the
sentiment or passion depicted.
9. (Law) (a) A suit or process,
by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a
broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or
protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or
the punishment of a public offense. (b) A
right of action; as, the law gives an action for
every claim.
10. (Com.)A share in the capital stock
of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the
plural, equivalent to stocks. [A Gallicism]
[Obs.]
The Euripus of funds and actions.
Burke.
11. An engagement between troops in war, whether on
land or water; a battle; a fight; as, a general
action, a partial action.
12. (Music) The mechanical contrivance
by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is
transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an
organ pipe.
Grove.
Chose in action. (Law) See
Chose. -- Quantity of action
(Physics), the product of the mass of a body by
the space it runs through, and its velocity.
Syn. -- Action, Act. In many
cases action and act are synonymous; but
some distinction is observable. Action involves the
mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying
some time in doing. Act has more reference to the
effect, or the operation as complete.
To poke the fire is an act, to reconcile friends
who have quarreled is a praiseworthy action.
C. J. Smith.
Ac"tion*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. LL.
actionabilis. See Action.] That
may be the subject of an action or suit at law; as, to call a
man a thief is actionable.
Ac"tion*a*bly, adv. In an actionable
manner.
{ Ac"tion*a*ry (#), Ac"tion*ist
(#), } n. [Cf. F.
actionnaire.] (Com.) A
shareholder in joint-stock company. [Obs.]
Ac"tion*less, a. Void of action.
Ac"ti*vate (#), v. t. To make
active. [Obs.]
Ac"tive (#), a. [F.
actif, L. activus, fr. agere to
act.] 1. Having the power or quality of
acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;
-- opposed to passive, that receives; as, certain
active principles; the powers of the mind.
2. Quick in physical movement; of an agile and
vigorous body; nimble; as, an active child or
animal.
Active and nervous was his gait.
Wordsworth.
3. In action; actually proceeding; working; in
force; -- opposed to quiescent,
dormant, or extinct; as,
active laws; active hostilities; an
active volcano.
4. Given to action; constantly engaged in action;
energetic; diligent; busy; -- opposed to dull,
sluggish, indolent, or inert;
as, an active man of business; active mind;
active zeal.
5. Requiring or implying action or exertion; --
opposed to sedentary or to tranquil;
as, active employment or service; active
scenes.
6. Given to action rather than contemplation;
practical; operative; -- opposed to speculative or
theoretical; as, an active rather than a
speculative statesman.
7. Brisk; lively; as, an active demand
for corn.
8. Implying or producing rapid action; as, an
active disease; an active remedy.
9. (Gram.) (a) Applied to a
form of the verb; -- opposed to passive. See
Active voice, under Voice.
(b) Applied to verbs which assert that the subject
acts upon or affects something else; transitive.
(c) Applied to all verbs that express action as
distinct from mere existence or state.
Active capital, Active
wealth, money, or property that may readily be
converted into money.
Syn. -- Agile; alert; brisk; vigorous; nimble; lively;
quick; sprightly; prompt; energetic.
Ac"tive*ly, adv. 1. In an
active manner; nimbly; briskly; energetically; also, by one's own
action; voluntarily, not passively.
2. (Gram.) In an active signification;
as, a word used actively.
Ac"tive*ness, n. The quality of being
active; nimbleness; quickness of motion; activity.
Ac*tiv"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Activities (#). [Cf. F.
activit\'82, LL. activitas.] The
state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility; vigorous
action or operation; energy; active force; as, an increasing
variety of human activities. \'bdThe
activity of toil.\'b8
Palfrey.
Syn. -- Liveliness; briskness; quickness.
Act"less (#), a. Without action
or spirit. [R.]
Ac"ton (#), n. [OF.
aketon, auqueton, F. hoqueton, a
quilted jacket, fr. Sp. alcoton, algodon,
cotton. Cf. Cotton.] A stuffed jacket worn
under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail.
[Spelled also hacqueton.]
[Obs.]
Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.
Ac"tor (#), n. [L.
actor, fr. agere to act.] 1.
One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer.
2. A theatrical performer; a stageplayer.
After a well graced actor leaves the stage.
Shak.
3. (Law) (a) An advocate or
proctor in civil courts or causes. Jacobs.
(b) One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or
complainant.
Ac`tress (#), n. [Cf. F.
actrice.] 1. A female actor or
doer. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
2. A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a
part.
Ac"tu*al (#; 135), a. [OE.
actuel, F. actuel, L. actualis,
fr. agere to do, act.] 1.
Involving or comprising action; active.
[Obs.]
Her walking and other actual performances.
Shak.
Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that
is . . . by a special prayer or action, . . . given to God.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Existing in act or reality; really acted or
acting; in fact; real; -- opposed to potential,
possible, virtual, speculative,
coceivable, theoretical, or
nominal; as, the actual cost of goods;
the actual case under discussion.
3. In action at the time being; now exiting;
present; as the actual situation of the country.
Actual cautery. See under
Cautery. -- Actual sin
(Theol.), that kind of sin which is done by
ourselves in contradistinction to \'bdoriginal
sin.\'b8
Syn. -- Real; genuine; positive; certain. See
Real.
<-- p. 19 -->
Ac"tu*al (#), n.
(Finance) Something actually received; real, as
distinct from estimated, receipts. [Cant]
The accounts of revenues supplied . . . were not real
receipts: not, in financial language, \'bdactuals,\'b8
but only Egyptian budget estimates.
Fortnightly Review.
Ac"tu*al*ist, n. One who deals with or
considers actually existing facts and conditions, rather than
fancies or theories; -- opposed to idealist.
J. Grote.
Ac`tu*al"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Actualities (#). The state of
being actual; reality; as, the actuality of God's
nature.
South.
Ac`tu*al*i*za"tion (#), n. A
making actual or really existent. [R.]
Emerson.
Ac"tu*al*ize (#), v. t. To make
actual; to realize in action. [R.]
Coleridge.
Ac"tu*al*ly, adv. 1.
Actively. [Obs.] \'bdNeither
actually . . . nor passively.\'b8
Fuller.
2. In act or in fact; really; in truth;
positively.
Ac"tu*al*ness, n. Quality of being
actual; actuality.
Ac`tu*a"ri*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to actuaries; as, the actuarial value of
an annuity.
Ac"tu*a*ry (#), n.; pl.
Actuaries (#). [L.
actuarius copyist, clerk, fr. actus, p. p.
of agere to do, act.] 1.
(Law) A registar or clerk; -- used originally in
courts of civil law jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk
or registar generally.
2. The computing official of an insurance company;
one whose profession it is to calculate for insurance companies
the risks and premiums for life, fire, and other
insurances.
Ac"tu*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Actuated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Actuating
(#).] [LL. actuatus, p. p.
of actuare, fr. L. actus act.]
1. To put into action or motion; to move or incite
to action; to influence actively; to move as motives do; -- more
commonly used of persons.
Wings, which others were contriving to actuate by
the perpetual motion.
Johnson.
Men of the greatest abilities are most fired with ambition;
and, on the contrary, mean and narrow minds are the least
actuated by it.
Addison.
2. To carry out in practice; to perform.
[Obs.] \'bdTo actuate what you
command.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To move; impel; incite; rouse; instigate;
animate.
Ac"tu*ate (#), a. [LL.
actuatus, p. p. of actuare.] Put
in action; actuated. [Obs.]
South.
Ac`tu*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. LL.
actuatio.] A bringing into action;
movement.
Bp. Pearson.
Ac"tu*a`tor (#), n. One who
actuates, or puts into action. [R.]
Melville.
Ac"tu*ose` (#), a. [L.
actuosus.] Very active.
[Obs.]
Ac`tu*os"i*ty (#), n. Abundant
activity. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Ac"ture (#), n. Action.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*tu"ri*ence (#), n. [A desid.
of L. agere, actum, to act.]
Tendency or impulse to act. [R.]
Acturience, or desire of action, in one form or
another, whether as restlessness, ennui, dissatisfaction, or the
imagination of something desirable.
J. Grote.
Ac"u*ate (#), v. t. [L.
acus needle.] To sharpen; to make pungent;
to quicken. [Obs.] \'bd[To] acuate
the blood.\'b8
Harvey.
Ac"u*ate (#), a. Sharpened;
sharp-pointed.
Ac`u*a"tion (#), n. Act of
sharpening. [R.]
Ac`u*i"tion (#), n. [L.
acutus, as if acuitus, p. p. of
acuere to sharpen.] The act of
sharpening. [Obs.]
A*cu"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
acuitas: cf. F. acuit\'82.]
Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.
A*cu"le*ate (#), a. [L.
aculeatus, fr. aculeus, dim. of
acus needle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Having a sting; covered with prickles; sharp like a
prickle.
2. (Bot.) Having prickles, or sharp
points; beset with prickles.
3. Severe or stinging; incisive.
[R.]
Bacon.
A*cu"le*a`ted (#), a. Having a
sharp point; armed with prickles; prickly; aculeate.
A*cu"le*i*form (#), a. Like a
prickle.
A*cu"le*o*late (#), a. [L.
aculeolus little needle.] (Bot.)
Having small prickles or sharp points.
Gray.
A*cu"le*ous (#), a.
Aculeate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
\'d8A*cu"le*us (#), n.; pl.
Aculei (#). [L., dim. of
acus needle.] 1. (Bot.)
A prickle growing on the bark, as in some brambles and
roses.
Lindley.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sting.
A*cu"men (#), n. [L.
acumen, fr. acuere to sharpen. Cf.
Acute.] Quickness of perception or
discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice
discrimination.
Selden.
Syn. -- Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness;
acuteness.
A*cu"mi*nate (#), a. [L.
acuminatus, p. p. of acuminare to sharpen,
fr. acumen. See Acumen.] Tapering
to a point; pointed; as, acuminate leaves, teeth,
etc.
A*cu"mi*nate (#), v. t. To
render sharp or keen. [R.] \'bdTo
acuminate even despair.\'b8
Cowper.
A*cu"mi*nate, v. i. To end in, or come
to, a sharp point. \'bdAcuminating in a cone of
prelacy.\'b8
Milton.
A*cu`mi*na"tion (#), n. A
sharpening; termination in a sharp point; a tapering point.
Bp. Pearson.
A*cu"mi*nose` (#), a.
Terminating in a flat, narrow end.
Lindley.
A*cu"mi*nous (#), a.
Characterized by acumen; keen.
Highmore.
Ac`u*pres"sure (#), n. [L.
acus needle + premere, pressum,
to press.] (Surg.) A mode of arresting
hemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by
passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are
left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface.
Simpson.
Ac`u*punc`tu*ra"tion (#), n.
See Acupuncture.
Ac`u*punc"ture (#), n. [L.
acus needle + punctura a pricking, fr.
pungere to prick: cf. F.
acuponcture.] Pricking with a needle; a
needle prick. Specifically (Med.): The
insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial
purposes.
Ac`u*punc"ture (#), v. t. To
treat with acupuncture.
A*cus"tum*aunce (#), n. See
Accustomance. [Obs.]
A*cut"an`gu*lar (#), a.
Acute-angled.
A*cute" (#), a. [L.
acutus, p. p. of acuere to sharpen, fr. a
root ak to be sharp. Cf. Ague, Cute,
Edge.] 1. Sharp at the end; ending
in a sharp point; pointed; -- opposed to blunt or
obtuse; as, an acute angle; an
acute leaf.
2. Having nice discernment; perceiving or using
minute distinctions; penetrating; clever; shrewd; -- opposed to
dull or stupid; as, an acute
observer; acute remarks, or reasoning.
3. Having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible to
slight impressions; acting keenly on the senses; sharp; keen;
intense; as, a man of acute eyesight, hearing, or
feeling; acute pain or pleasure.
4. High, or shrill, in respect to some other sound;
-- opposed to grave or low; as, an
acute tone or accent.
5. (Med.) Attended with symptoms of some
degree of severity, and coming speedily to a crisis; -- opposed
to chronic; as, an acute
disease.
Acute angle (Geom.), an angle less
than a right angle.
Syn. -- Subtile; ingenious; sharp; keen; penetrating;
sagacious; sharp-witted; shrewd; discerning; discriminating. See
Subtile.
A*cute", v. t. To give an acute sound
to; as, he acutes his rising inflection too
much. [R.]
Walker.
A*cute"*an`gled (#), a. Having
acute angles; as, an acute-angled triangle,
a triangle with every one of its angles less than a right
angle.
A*cute"ly, adv. In an acute manner;
sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.
A*cute"ness, n. 1. The quality
of being acute or pointed; sharpness; as, the
acuteness of an angle.
2. The faculty of nice discernment or perception;
acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; -- applied to the
senses, or the understanding. By acuteness of feeling,
we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by
acuteness of intellect, we discern nice
distinctions.
Perhaps, also, he felt his professional acuteness
interested in bringing it to a successful close.
Sir W. Scott.
3. Shrillness; high pitch; -- said of sounds.
4. (Med.) Violence of a disease, which
brings it speedily to a crisis.
Syn. -- Penetration; sagacity; keenness; ingenuity;
shrewdness; subtlety; sharp-wittedness.
A*cu`ti*fo"li*ate (#), a. [L.
acutus sharp + folium leaf.]
(Bot.) Having sharp-pointed leaves.
A*cu`ti*lo"bate (#), a. [L.
acutus sharp + E. lobe.]
(Bot.) Having acute lobes, as some leaves.
\'d8Ad- (#). [A Latin preposition,
signifying to. See At.] As a
prefix ad- assumes the forms ac-,
af-, ag-, al-, an-,
ap-, ar-, as-, at-,
assimilating the d with the first letter of the word
to which ad- is prefixed. It remains unchanged before
vowels, and before d, h, j,
m, v. Examples: adduce,
adhere, adjacent, admit,
advent, accord, affect,
aggregate, allude, annex,
appear, etc. It becomes ac- before
qu, as in acquiesce.
Ad*act" (#), v. t. [L.
adactus, p. p. of adigere.] To
compel; to drive. [Obs.]
Fotherby.
{ A*dac"tyl (#), A*dac"tyl*ous
(#), } a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Without
fingers or without toes. (b) Without claws on
the feet (of crustaceous animals).
Ad"age (#), n. [F.
adage, fr. L. adagium; ad + the
root of L. aio I say.] An old saying, which
has obtained credit by long use; a proverb.
Letting \'bdI dare not\'b8 wait upon \'bdI would,\'b8
Like the poor cat i' the adage.
Shak.
Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw;
apothegm. See Axiom.
A*da"gi*al (#), a. Pertaining
to an adage; proverbial. \'bdAdagial verse.\'b8
Barrow.
\'d8A*da"gio (#), a. & adv.
[It. adagio; ad (L. ad) at
+ agio convenience, leisure, ease. See
Agio.] (Mus.) Slow; slowly,
leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, adagio,
adagio, it directs the movement to be very slow.
\'d8A*da"gio, n. A piece of music in
adagio time; a slow movement; as, an
adagio of Haydn.
Ad"am (#), n. 1. The
name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the
human race.
2. (As a symbol) \'bdOriginal sin;\'b8
human frailty.
And whipped the offending Adam out of him.
Shak.
Adam's ale, water. [Coll.]
-- Adam's apple. 1. (Bot.)
(a) A species of banana (Musa
paradisiaca). It attains a height of twenty feet or more.
Paxton]. (b) A species of lime (Citris
limetta). 2. The projection formed by the
thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in
males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the
forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first
parent. -- Adam's flannel (Bot.),
the mullein (Verbascum thapsus). --
Adam's needle (Bot.), the popular name
of a genus (Yucca) of liliaceous plants.
Ad"a*mant (#), n. [OE.
adamaunt, adamant, diamond, magnet, OF.
adamant, L. adamas, adamantis,
the hardest metal, fr. Gr. adamare to
love, be attached to, the word meant also magnet, as
in OF. and LL. See Diamond, Tame.]
1. A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable
hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of
extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical
signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the
embodiment of impenetrable hardness.
Opposed the rocky orb
Of tenfold adamant, his ample shield.
Milton.
2. Lodestone; magnet. [Obs.]
\'bdA great adamant of acquaintance.\'b8
Bacon.
As true to thee as steel to adamant.
Greene.
Ad`a*man*te"an (#), a. [L.
adamant\'c7us.] Of adamant; hard as
adamant.
Milton.
Ad`a*man"tine (#), a. [L.
adamantinus, Gr. 1. Made of
adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being
broken, dissolved, or penetrated; as, adamantine
bonds or chains.
2. (Min.) Like the diamond in hardness
or luster.
Ad`am*bu*la"cral (#), a. [L.
ad + E. ambulacral.]
(Zo\'94l.) Next to the ambulacra; as, the
adambulacral ossicles of the starfish.
{ A*dam"ic (#), A*dam"ic*al
(#), } a. Of or pertaining to
Adam, or resembling him.
Adamic earth, a name given to common red clay,
from a notion that Adam means red
earth.
Ad"am*ite (#), n. [From
Adam.] 1. A descendant of Adam; a
human being.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of
visionaries, who, professing to imitate the state of Adam,
discarded the use of dress in their assemblies.
Ad"am's ap"ple (#). See under
Adam.
A*dance" (#), adv.
Dancing.
Lowell.
A*dan"gle (#), adv.
Dangling.
Browning.
\'d8Ad`an*so"ni*a (#), n. [From
Adanson, a French botanist.] (Bot.)
A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two
species, A. digitata, the baobab or
monkey-bread of Africa and India, and A.
Gregorii, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of
Australia. Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous
diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and
filled with pleasantly acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the
bark is used by the natives for making ropes and cloth.
D. C. Eaton.
A*dapt" (#), a. Fitted;
suited. [Obs.]
Swift.
A*dapt", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Adapted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adapting.] [L. adaptare;
ad + aptare to fit; cf. F. adapter. See
Apt, Adept.] To make suitable; to
fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; --
sometimes followed by to or for.
For nature, always in the right,
To your decays adapts my sight.
Swift.
Appeals adapted to his [man's] whole nature.
Angus.
Streets ill adapted for the residence of wealthy
persons.
Macaulay.
{ A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty (#),
A*dapt"a*ble*ness (#), } n.
The quality of being adaptable; suitableness.
\'bdGeneral adaptability for every purpose.\'b8
Farrar.
A*dapt"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being adapted.
Ad`ap*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
adaptation, LL. adaptatio.]
1. The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or
the state of being adapted or fitted; fitness.
\'bdAdaptation of the means to the end.\'b8
Erskine.
2. The result of adapting; an adapted form.
A*dapt"a*tive (#), a.
Adaptive.
Stubbs.
A*dapt"ed*ness (#), n. The
state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special
fitness.
A*dapt"er (#), n. 1.
One who adapts.
2. (Chem.) A connecting tube; an
adopter.
<-- 2. any device connecting two parts of an apparatus (e.g.
tubes of different diameters, or electric cords with different
plug types); a device allowing an apparatus to be used for
purposes other than originally intended -->
A*dap"tion (#), n.
Adaptation.
Cheyne.
A*dapt"ive (#), a. Suited,
given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation;
capable of adapting. Coleridge. --
A*dapt"ive*ly, adv.
A*dapt"ive*ness, n. The quality of being
adaptive; capacity to adapt.
A*dapt"ly, adv. In a suitable
manner. [R.]
Prior.
A*dapt"ness, n. Adaptedness.
[R.]
Ad`ap*to"ri*al (#), a.
Adaptive. [R.]
\'d8A"dar (#), n. [Heb.
ad\'84r.] The twelfth month of the Hebrew
ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded
nearly with March.
\'d8A*dar"ce (#), n. [L.
adarce, adarca, Gr. A
saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in
Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for
cleansing the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in
leprosy.
Dana.
\'d8Ad"a*tis (#), n. A fine
cotton cloth of India.
A*daunt" (#), v. t. [OE.
adaunten to overpower, OF. adonter;
\'85 (L. ad) + donter, F.
dompter. See Daunt.] To daunt; to
subdue; to mitigate. [Obs.]
Skelton.
A*daw" (#), v. t. [Cf. OE.
adawe of dawe, AS. of dagum from days,
i. e., from life, out of life.]
To subdue; to daunt. [Obs.]
The sight whereof did greatly him adaw.
Spenser.
A*daw", v. t. & i. [OE.
adawen to wake; pref. a- (cf. Goth.
us-, Ger. er-) + dawen,
dagon, to dawn. See Daw.] To
awaken; to arouse. [Obs.]
A man that waketh of his sleep
He may not suddenly well taken keep
Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly
Till that he be adawed verily.
Chaucer.
A*days" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- (for on) + day; the final
s was orig. a genitive ending, afterwards forming
adverbs.] By day, or every day; in the daytime.
[Obs.]
Fielding.
\'d8Ad cap*tan"dum (#). [L., for
catching.] A phrase used adjectively sometimes of
meretricious attempts to catch or win popular favor.
Add (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Added; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adding.] [L. addere; ad
+ dare to give, put. Cf. Date, Do.]
1. To give by way of increased possession
(to any one); to bestow (on).
The Lord shall add to me another son.
Gen. xxx. 24.
<-- p. 20 -->
2. To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as
several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the
quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one
aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; as, to
add numbers; to add up a column.
Back to thy punishment,
False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings.
Milton.
As easily as he can add together the ideas of two
days or two years.
Locke.
3. To append, as a statement; to say further.
He added that he would willingly consent to the
entire abolition of the tax.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To Add, Join, Annex,
Unite, Coalesce. We add
by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We
join by putting one thing to another in close or
continuos connection. We annex by attaching some
adjunct to a larger body. We unite by bringing things
together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things
coalesce by coming together or mingling so as to form
one organization. To add quantities; to join houses;
to annex territory; to unite kingdoms; to
make parties coalesce.
Add (#), v. i. 1. To
make an addition. To add to, to augment; to increase;
as, it adds to our anxiety. \'bdI will
add to your yoke.\'b8
1 Kings xii. 14.
2. To perform the arithmetical operation of
addition; as, he adds rapidly.
Add"a*ble (#), a.
[Add, v. + -able.]
Addible.
Ad"dax (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the largest
African antelopes (Hippotragus, ).
Strepsiceros (twisted horn) of the ancients.
By some it is thought to be the pygarg of the
Bible.
Ad*deem" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + deem.] To award; to
adjudge. [Obs.] \'bdUnto him they did
addeem the prise.\'b8
Spenser.
\'d8Ad*den"dum (#), n.; pl.
Addenda (#). [L., fr.
addere to add.] A thing to be added; an
appendix or addition.
Addendum circle (Mech.), the circle
which may be described around a circular spur wheel or gear
wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth.
Rankine.
Add"er (#), n. [See
Add.] One who, or that which, adds; esp., a
machine for adding numbers.
Ad"der, n. [OE. addere,
naddere, eddre, AS. n\'91dre,
adder, snake; akin to OS. nadra, OHG.
natra, natara, Ger. natter,
Goth. nadrs, Icel. na\'ebr, masc.,
na\'ebra, fem.: cf. W. neidr, Gorn.
naddyr, Ir. nathair, L. natrix,
water snake. An adder is for a
nadder.] 1. A serpent.
[Obs.] \'bdThe eddre seide to the
woman.\'b8
Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. )
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
venomous serpent of the genus Vipera. The common
European adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus. The
puff adders of Africa are species of Clotho.
(b) In America, the term is commonly applied to
several harmless snakes, as the milk adder,
puffing adder, etc. (c) Same
as Sea Adder.
(Cerastles).
Ad"der fly/ (#). A dragon fly.
Ad"der's-tongue` (#), n.
(Bot.) (a) A genus of ferns
(Ophioglossum), whose seeds are produced on a spike
resembling a serpent's tongue. (b) The yellow
dogtooth violet.
Gray.
Ad"der*wort` (#), n.
(Bot.) The common bistort or snakeweed
(Polygonum bistorta).
Add`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quantity of being addible; capability of addition.
Locke.
Add"i*ble (#), a. Capable of
being added. \'bdAddible numbers.\'b8
Locke.
Ad"dice (#), n. See
Adze. [Obs.]
Moxon.
Ad*dict" (#), p. p. Addicted;
devoted. [Obs.]
Ad*dict", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Addicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Addicting.] [L. addictus, p.
p. of addicere to adjudge, devote; ad +
dicere to say. See Diction.] 1.
To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with
to. \'bdThey addict themselves to the
civil law.\'b8
Evelyn.
He is addicted to his study.
Beau. & Fl.
That part of mankind that addict their minds to
speculations.
Adventurer.
His genius addicted him to the study of
antiquity.
Fuller.
A man gross . . . and addicted to low company.
Macaulay.
2. To adapt; to make suitable; to fit.
[Obs.]
The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but
the coldness of the place hinders the growth.
Evelyn.
Syn. -- Addict, Devote,
Consecrate, Dedicate. Addict was
formerly used in a good sense; as, addicted to
letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an
indifferent one; as, addicted to vice;
addicted to sensual indulgence.
\'bdAddicted to staying at home.\'b8 J. S.
Mill. Devote is always taken in a good sense,
expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite
object; as, devoted to science. Consecrate
and dedicate express devotion of a higher kind,
involving religious sentiment; as, consecrated to the
service of the church; dedicated to God.
Ad*dict"ed*ness, n. The quality or state
of being addicted; attachment.
Ad*dic"tion (#), n. [Cf. L.
addictio an adjudging.] The state of being
addicted; devotion; inclination. \'bdHis
addiction was to courses vain.\'b8
Shak.
Ad"di*son's dis*ease" (#). [Named from
Thomas Addison, M. D., of London, who first described it.]
(Med.) A morbid condition causing a peculiar
brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to
be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular
bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not
to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually
fatal.
Ad*dit"a*ment (#), n. [L.
additamentum, fr. additus, p. p. of
addere to add.] An addition, or a thing
added.
Fuller.
My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an
additament of a later age.
Coleridge.
Ad*di"tion (#), n. [F.
addition, L. additio, fr. addere
to add.] 1. The act of adding two or more
things together; -- opposed to subtraction or
diminution. \'bdThis endless addition
or addibility of numbers.\'b8
Locke.
2. Anything added; increase; augmentation; as,
a piazza is an addition to a building.
3. (Math.) That part of arithmetic which
treats of adding numbers.
4. (Mus.) A dot at the right side of a
note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one
half. [R.]
5. (Law) A title annexed to a man's
name, to identify him more precisely; as, John Doe,
Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent.; Robert Dale,
Mason; Thomas Way, of New York; a mark of
distinction; a title.
6. (Her.) Something added to a coat of
arms, as a mark of honor; -- opposed to
abatement.
Vector addition (Geom.), that kind
of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their
sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC.
Syn. -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage;
adjunct.
Ad*di"tion*al (#), a. Added;
supplemental; in the way of an addition.
Ad*di"tion*al, n. Something added.
[R.]
Bacon.
Ad*di"tion*al*ly, adv. By way of
addition.
Ad*di"tion*a*ry (#), a.
Additional. [R.]
Herbert.
Ad`di*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
addititius, fr. addere.]
Additive. [R.]
Sir J. Herschel.
Ad"di*tive (#), a. [L.
additivus.] (Math.) Proper to be
added; positive; -- opposed to subtractive.
Ad"di*to*ry (#), a. Tending to
add; making some addition. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Ad"dle (#), n. [OE.
adel, AS. adela, mud.]
1. Liquid filth; mire. [Obs.]
2. Lees; dregs. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Ad"dle, a. Having lost the power of
development, and become rotten, as eggs; putrid. Hence:
Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled.
Dryden.
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Addled (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Addling (#).] To make addle;
to grow addle; to muddle; as, he addled his
brain. \'bdTheir eggs were addled.\'b8
Cowper.
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [OE.
adlen, adilen, to gain, acquire; prob. fr.
Icel. \'94\'eblask to acquire property, akin to
o\'ebal property. Cf. Allodial.]
1. To earn by labor. [Prov.
Eng.]
Forby.
2. To thrive or grow; to ripen. [Prov.
Eng.]
Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more.
Tusser.
{ Ad"dle-brain` (#),
Ad"dle-head` (#),
Ad"dle-pate (#), } n.
A foolish or dull-witted fellow.
[Colloq.]
{ Ad"dle-brained` (#),
Ad"dle-head`ed (#),
Ad"dle-pa`ted (#), }
a. Dull-witted; stupid. \'bdThe
addle-brained Oberstein.\'b8
Motley.
Dull and addle-pated.
Dryden.
Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness (#), n.
Stupidity.
Ad"dlings (#), n. pl. [See
Addle, to earn.] Earnings. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
Ad*doom" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + doom.] To adjudge.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ad*dorsed" (#), a. [L. ad
+ dorsum, back: cf. F. adoss\'82.]
(Her.) Set or turned back to back.
Ad*dress" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Addressed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Addressing.] [OE. adressen
to raise erect, adorn, OF. adrecier, to straighten,
address, F. adresser, fr. \'85 (L.
ad) + OF. drecier, F. dresser,
to straighten, arrange. See Dress, v.]
1. To aim; to direct. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
And this good knight his way with me addrest.
Spenser.
2. To prepare or make ready.
[Obs.]
His foe was soon addressed.
Spenser.
Turnus addressed his men to single fight.
Dryden.
The five foolish virgins addressed themselves at
the noise of the bridegroom's coming.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply
one's skill or energies (to some object); to
betake.
These men addressed themselves to the task.
Macaulay.
4. To clothe or array; to dress.
[Archaic]
Tecla . . . addressed herself in man's apparel.
Jewel.
5. To direct, as words (to any one or
any thing); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. (to
any one, an audience).
The young hero had addressed his players to him for
his assistance.
Dryden.
6. To direct speech to; to make a communication to,
whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech,
petition, etc., to speak to; to accost.
Are not your orders to address the senate?
Addison.
The representatives of the nation addressed the
king.
Swift.
7. To direct in writing, as a letter; to
superscribe, or to direct and transmit; as, he
addressed a letter.
8. To make suit to as a lover; to court; to
woo.
9. (Com.) To consign or intrust to the
care of another, as agent or factor; as, the ship was
addressed to a merchant in Baltimore.
To address one's self to. (a) To
prepare one's self for; to apply one's self to. (b) To
direct one's speech or discourse to.
Ad*dress" (#), v. i. 1.
To prepare one's self. [Obs.] \'bdLet us
address to tend on Hector's heels.\'b8
Shak.
2. To direct speech. [Obs.]
Young Turnus to the beauteous maid addrest.
Dryden.
Ad*dress, n. [Cf. F. adresse.
See Address, v. t.]
1. Act of preparing one's self.
[Obs.]
Jer Taylor.
2. Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal
application.
3. A formal communication, either written or
spoken; a discourse; a speech; a formal application to any one; a
petition; a formal statement on some subject or special occasion;
as, an address of thanks, an address to the
voters.
4. Direction or superscription of a letter, or the
name, title, and place of residence of the person
addressed.
5. Manner of speaking to another; delivery; as,
a man of pleasing or insinuating address.
6. Attention in the way one's addresses
to a lady.
Addison.
7. Skill; skillful management; dexterity;
adroitness.
Syn. -- Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition;
lecture; readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.
Ad`dress*ee" (#), n. One to
whom anything is addressed.
Ad*dres"sion (#), n. The act of
addressing or directing one's course. [Rare &
Obs.]
Chapman.
Ad*duce" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adduced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adducing
(#).] [L. adducere,
adductum, to lead or bring to; ad + ducere
to lead. See Duke, and cf. Adduct.]
To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or
consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to
allege.
Reasons . . . were adduced on both sides.
Macaulay.
Enough could not be adduced to satisfy the purpose
of illustration.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign;
urge; name; mention.
Ad*du"cent (#), a. [L.
addunces, p. pr. of adducere.]
(Physiol.) Bringing together or towards a given
point; -- a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull
one part towards another. Opposed to abducent.
Ad*du"cer (#), n. One who
adduces.
Ad*du"ci*ble (#), a. Capable of
being adduced.
Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner
diversified, are adducible.
I. Taylor.
Ad*duct" (#), v. t. [L.
adductus, p. p. of adducere. See
Adduce.] (Physiol.) To draw
towards a common center or a middle line.
Huxley.
Ad*duc"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
adduction. See Adduce.] 1.
The act of adducing or bringing forward.
An adduction of facts gathered from various
quarters.
I. Taylor.
2. (Physiol.) The action by which the
parts of the body are drawn towards its axis]; -- opposed to
abduction.
Dunglison.
Ad*duc"tive (#), a. Adducing,
or bringing towards or to something.
Ad*duc"tor (#), n. [L., fr.
adducere.] (Anat.) A muscle
which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of
the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to
abductor; as, the adductor of the eye,
which turns the eye toward the nose.
In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of
the shell are called adductor muscles.
Verrill.
Ad*dulce" (#), v. t. [Like F.
adoucir; fr. L. ad. + dulcis
sweet.] To sweeten; to soothe.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
A*deem" (#), v. t. [L.
adimere. See Ademption.]
(Law) To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to
satisfy it by some other gift.
\'d8A`de*lan`ta*dil"lo (#), n.
[Sp.] A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe
grapes.
\'d8A`de*lan*ta"do (#), n.
[Sp., prop. p. of adelantar to advance, to
promote.] A governor of a province; a commander.
Prescott.
\'d8Ad*e*las"ter (#), n. [Gr.
(Bot.) A
provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers
botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its
proper genus.
Ad"el*ing (#), n. Same as
Atheling.
A*del`o*co*don"ic (#), a. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.)
Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike
form and do not become free; -- opposed to
phanerocodonic.
A*del"o*pod (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An
animal having feet that are not apparent.
\'d8A*del"phi*a (#), n. [Gr.
(Bot.) A \'bdbrotherhood,\'b8
or collection of stamens in a bundle; -- used in composition, as
in the class names, Monadelphia,
Diadelphia, etc.
A*del"phous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having coalescent or
clustered filaments; -- said of stamens; as,
adelphous stamens. Usually in composition; as,
monadelphous.
Gray.
A*dempt" (#), p. p. [L.
ademptus, p. p. of adimere to take
away.] Takes away. [Obs.]
Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or
adempt.
Latimn.
<-- p. 21 -->
A*demp"tion (#), n. [L.
ademptio, fr. adimere, ademptum,
to take away; ad + emere to buy, orig. to take.]
(Law) The revocation or taking away of a grant
donation, legacy, or the like.
Bouvier.
Aden- or Adeno-. [Gr. Combining forms of the Greek word for
gland; -- used in words relating to the structure,
diseases, etc., of the glands.
{ \'d8Ad`e*nal"gi*a (#),
Ad"e*nal`gy (#), } n.
[Gr. (Med.) Pain in a
gland.
A*den"i*form (#), a.
[Aden- + -form.] Shaped
like a gland; adenoid.
Dunglison.
\'d8Ad`e*ni"tis (#), n.
[Aden- + -itis.]
(Med.) Glandular inflammation.
Dunglison.
Ad`e*no*graph"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to adenography.
Ad`e*nog"ra*phy (#), n.
[Adeno- + -graphy.] That
part of anatomy which describes the glands.
{ Ad"e*noid (#), Ad`e*noid"al
(#) } a. Glandlike;
glandular.
Ad`e*no*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to adenology.
Ad`e*nol"o*gy (#), n.
[Adeno- + -logy.] The part
of physiology that treats of the glands.
Ad`e*noph"o*rous (#), a.
[Adeno- + Gr.
(Bot.) Producing glands.
Ad`e*noph"yl*lous (#), a.
[Adeno- + Gr. (Bot.)
Having glands on the leaves.
Ad"e*nose` (?; 277), a. Like a
gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.
Ad`e*no*tom"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to adenotomy.
Ad`e*not"o*my (#), n.
[Adeno- + Gr.
(Anat.) Dissection of, or incision into, a gland
or glands.
Ad"e*nous (#), a. Same as
Adenose.
\'d8Ad"eps (#), n. [L.]
Animal fat; lard.
A*dept" (#), n. [L.
adeptus obtained (sc. artem), adipsci to arrive ad + apisci to pursue. See Apt, and
cf. Adapt.] One fully skilled or well versed
in anything; a proficient; as, adepts in
philosophy.
A*dept", a. Well skilled; completely
versed; thoroughly proficient.
Beaus adept in everything profound.
Cowper.
A*dep"tion (#), n. [L.
adeptio. See Adept, a.]
An obtaining; attainment. [Obs.]
In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief
adeption of the victory.
Grafton.
A*dept"ist, n. A skilled
alchemist. [Obs.]
A*dept"ness, n. The quality of being
adept; skill.
Ad"e*qua*cy (#), n. [See
Adequate.] The state or quality of being
adequate, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a
particular purpose; as, the adequacy of supply to
the expenditure.
Ad"e*quate (#), a. [L.
adaequatus, p. p. of adaequare to make
equal to; ad + aequare to make equal,
aequus equal. See Equal.] Equal to
some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent; fully
sufficient; as, powers adequate to a great work; an
adequate definition.
Ireland had no adequate champion.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable;
competent; capable.
Ad"e*quate (#), v. t. [See
Adequate, a.] 1. To
equalize; to make adequate. [R.]
Fotherby.
2. To equal. [Obs.]
It [is] an impossibility for any creature to
adequate God in his eternity.
Shelford.
Ad"e*quate*ly (#), adv. In an
adequate manner.
Ad"e*quate*ness, n. The quality of being
adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy.
Ad`e*qua"tion (#), n. [L.
adaequatio.] The act of equalizing; act or
result of making adequate; an equivalent.
[Obs.]
Bp. Barlow.
A*des"my (#), n. [Gr. (Bot.)
The division or defective coherence of an organ that is
usually entire.
Ad*es`se*na"ri*an (#), n.
[Formed fr. L. adesse to be present; ad +
esse to be.] (Eccl. Hist.) One who
held the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not
by transubstantiation.
Ad*fect"ed (#), a. [L.
adfectus or affectus. See Affect,
v.] (Alg.) See
Affected, 5.
Ad*fil"i*a`ted (#), a. See
Affiliated. [Obs.]
Ad*fil`i*a"tion (#), n. See
Affiliation. [Obs.]
Ad*flux"ion (#), n. See
Affluxion.
Ad*ha"mant (#), a. [From L.
adhamare to catch; ad + hamus hook.]
Clinging, as by hooks.
Ad*here" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Adhered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adhering
(#).] [L. adhaerere,
adhaesum; ad + haerere to stick: cf. F.
adh\'82rer. See Aghast.] 1.
To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to
become joined or united; as, wax to the finger; the lungs
sometimes adhere to the pleura.
2. To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain
fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith,
principle, or opinion; as, men adhere to a party, a
cause, a leader, a church.
3. To be consistent or coherent; to be in
accordance; to agree. \'bdNor time nor place did then
adhere.\'b8 Every thing adheres
together.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold
Ad*her"ence (#), n. [Cf. F.
adh\'82rence, LL. adhaerentia.]
1. The quality or state of adhering.
2. The state of being fixed in attachment;
fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; as, adherence
to a party or to opinions.
Syn. -- Adherence, Adhesion.
These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost
entirely separated. Adherence is no longer used to
denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or
habits; as, a strict adherence to one's duty; close
adherence to the argument, etc. Adhesion
is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the
phrase \'bdTo give in one's adhesion to a cause or a
party.\'b8
Ad*her"en*cy (#), n. 1.
The state or quality of being adherent; adherence.
[R.]
2. That which adheres. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Ad*her"ent (#), a. [L.
adhaerens, -entis, p. pr.: cf. F.
adh\'82rent.] 1. Sticking;
clinging; adhering.
Pope.
2. Attached as an attribute or circumstance.
3. (Bot.) Congenitally united with an
organ of another kind, as calyx with ovary, or stamens with
petals.
Ad*her"ent, n. 1. One who
adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party, or
profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular
faith or church.
2. That which adheres; an appendage.
[R.]
Milton.
Syn. -- Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter;
dependent; ally; backer.
Ad*her"ent*ly, adv. In an adherent
manner.
Ad*her"er (#), n. One who
adheres; an adherent.
Ad*he"sion (#), n. [L.
adhaesio, fr. adhaerere: cf. F.
adh\'82sion.] 1. The action of
sticking; the state of being attached; intimate union; as the
adhesion of glue, or of parts united by growth,
cement, or the like.
2. Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity;
as, to error, to a policy.
His adhesion to the Tories was bounded by his
approbation of their foreign policy.
De Quincey.
3. Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent.
To that treaty Spain and England gave in their
adhesion.
Macaulay.
4. (Physics) The molecular attraction
exerted between bodies in contact. See Cohesion.
5. (Med.) Union of surface, normally
separate, by the formation of new tissue resulting from an
inflammatory process.
6. (Bot.) The union of parts which are
separate in other plants, or in younger states of the same
plant.
Syn. -- Adherence; union. See Adherence.
Ad*he"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
adh\'82sif.] 1. Sticky; tenacious,
as glutinous substances.
2. Apt or tending to adhere; clinging.
Thomson.
Adhesive attraction. (Physics) See
Attraction. -- Adhesive inflammation
(Surg.), that kind of inflammation which
terminates in the reunion of divided parts without
suppuration. -- Adhesive plaster, a sticking;
a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive
oil.
Ad*he"sive*ly, adv. In an adhesive
manner.
Ad*he"sive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of
union.
2. (Phren.) Propensity to form and
maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social
intercourse.
Ad*hib"it (#), v. t. [L.
adhibitus, p. p. of adhibere to hold to;
ad + habere to have.] 1. To admit,
as a person or thing; to take in.
Muirhead.
2. To use or apply; to administer.
Camden.
3. To attach; to affix.
Alison.
Ad`hi*bi"tion (#), n. [L.
adhibitio.] The act of adhibiting;
application; use.
Whitaker.
\'d8Ad hom"i*nem (#). [L., to the
man.] ` phrase applied to an appeal or argument
addressed to the principles, interests, or passions of a
man.
Ad*hort" (#), v. t. [L.
adhortari. See Adhortation.] To
exhort; to advise. [Obs.]
Feltham.
Ad`hor*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
adhortatio, fr. adhortari to advise;
ad + hortari to exhort.] Advice;
exhortation. [Obs.]
Peacham.
Ad*hor"ta*to*ry (#), a.
Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory.
[Obs.]
Potter.
Ad`i*a*bat"ic (#), a. [Gr.
(Physics) Not giving out or receiving heat.
-- Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly,
adv.
Adiabatic line or curve,
a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a
fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out
heat.
Rankine.
Ad`i*ac*tin"ic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + diactinic.]
(Chem.) Not transmitting the actinic rays.
\'d8Ad`i*an"tum (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr.
(Bot.) A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed
water; maidenhair. Also, the black maidenhair, a species of
spleenwort.
Ad`i*aph"o*rism (#), n.
Religious indifference.
Ad`i*aph"o*rist (#), n. [See
Adiaphorous.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of
the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some opinions
and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which Luther
condemned as sinful or heretical.
Murdock.
Ad`i*aph`o*ris"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and
practice.
Shipley.
Ad`i*aph"o*rite (#), n. Same as
Adiaphorist.
Ad`i*aph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.
1. Indifferent or neutral.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Med.) Incapable of doing either harm
or good, as some medicines.
Dunglison.
Ad`i*aph"o*ry, n. [Gr.
Indifference. [Obs.]
Ad`i*a*ther"mic (#), a. [Gr.
Not pervious to
heat.
A*dieu" (#), interj. & adv.
[OE. also adew, adewe,
adue, F. dieu, fr. L. ad to
+ deus God.] Good-by; farewell; an
expression of kind wishes at parting.
A*dieu", n.; pl. Adieus
(#). A farewell; commendation to the care of
God at parting.
Shak.
A*dight" (#), v. t.
[p. p. Adight.]
[Pref. a- (intensive) + OE. dihten.
See Dight.] To set in order; to array; to
attire; to deck, to dress. [Obs.]
\'d8Ad in`fi*ni"tum (#). [L., to
infinity.] Without limit; endlessly.
\'d8Ad in"ter*im (#)[L.]
Meanwhile; temporary.
Ad`e*pes"cent (#), a. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat +
-escent.] Becoming fatty.
A*dip"ic (#), a. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or
oily substances; -- applied to certain acids obtained from fats
by the action of nitric acid.
<-- 2. adipic acid. a dicarboxylic acid containing six carbon
atoms in a linear chain -->
Ad`i*poc"er*ate (#), v. t. To
convert adipocere.
Ad`i*poc`er*a"tion (#), n. The
act or process of changing into adipocere.
Ad"i*po*cere` (#), n. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat + cera wax:
cf. F. adipocere.] A soft, unctuous, or
waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the fat and
muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long
immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result
of fatty degeneration.
Ad`i*po*cer"i*form (#), a.
[Adipocere + -form.] Having
the form or appearance of adipocere; as, an
adipoceriform tumor.
Ad`i*poc"er*ous (#), a. Like
adipocere.
Ad"i*pose` (?; 277), a. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat, grease.] Of
or pertaining to animal fat; fatty.
Adipose fin (Zo\'94l.), a soft
boneless fin. -- Adipose tissue
(Anat.), that form of animal tissue which forms or
contains fat.
{ Ad"i*pose`ness (#),
Ad`i*pos"i*ty (#), } n.
The state of being fat; fatness.
Ad"i*pous (#), a. Fatty;
adipose. [R.]
A*dip"sous (#), a. [Gr. Quenching thirst, as certain
fruits.
Ad"ip*sy (#), n. [Gr. (Med.)
Absence of thirst.
Ad"it (#), n. [L.
aditus, fr. adire, , to
go to; ad + ire to go.] 1. An
entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal opening
by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are
carried away; -- called also drift and
tunnel.
2. Admission; approach; access.
[R.]
Yourself and yours shall have
Free adit.
Tennyson.
{ Ad"ja"cence (#), Ad*ja"cen*cy
(#), }[Cf. LL. adjacentia.]
1. The state of being adjacent or contiguous;
contiguity; as, the adjacency of lands or
buildings.
2. That which is adjacent.[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*ja"cent (#), a. [L.
adjacens, -centis, p. pr. of
adjacere to lie near; ad + jac to lie:
cf. F. adjacent.] Lying near, close, or
contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; as, a field
adjacent to the highway. \'bdThe
adjacent forest.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Adjacent or contiguous
angle. (Geom.) See
Angle.
Syn. -- Adjoining; contiguous; near. --
Adjacent, Adjoining, Contiguous.
Things are adjacent when they lie close each other,
not necessary in actual contact; as, adjacent
fields, adjacent villages, etc.
I find that all Europe with her adjacent isles is
peopled with Christians.
Howell.
Things are adjoining when they meet at some line or
point of junction; as, adjoining farms, an
adjoining highway. What is spoken of as
contiguous should touch with some extent of one side
or the whole of it; as, a row of contiguous buildings;
a wood contiguous to a plain.
Ad*ja"cent, n. That which is
adjacent. [R.]
Locke.
Ad*ja"cent*ly, adv. So as to be
adjacent.
Ad*ject" (#), v. t. [L.
adjectus, p. p. of adjicere to throw to, to
add to; ad + ac to throw. See Jet a
shooting forth.] To add or annex; to join.
Leland.
Ad*jec"tion (#), n. [L.
adjectio, fr. adjicere: cf. F.
adjection. See Adject.] The act or
mode of adding; also, the thing added. [R.]
B. Jonson.
Ad*jec"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed.
[R.]
Earle.
Ad`jec*ti"tious (#), [L.
adjectitius.] Added; additional.
Parkhurst.
Ad`jec*ti"val (#), a. Of or
relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature of an
adjective; adjective.
W. Taylor (1797)
Ad`jec*ti"val*ly, adv. As, or in the
manner of, an adjective; adjectively.
Ad"jec*tive (#), a. [See
Adjective, n.]
1. Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the
nature of an adjunct; as, an word sentence.
2. Not standing by itself; dependent.
Adjective color, a color which requires to be
fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency.
3. Relating to procedure. \'bdThe whole
English law, substantive and adjective.\'b8
Macaulay.
Ad"jec*tive, n. [L.
adjectivum (sc. nomen), neut. of
adjectivus that is added, fr. adjicere: cf.
F. adjectif. See Adject.] 1.
(Gram.) A word used with a noun, or substantive,
to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed
to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a
thing, as distinct from something else. Thus, in phrase, \'bda
wise ruler,\'b8 wise is the adjective, expressing a
property of ruler.
2. A dependent; an accessory.
Fuller.
Ad"jec*tive, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Adjectived (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Adjectiving (#).] To
make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective.
[R.]
Language has as much occasion to adjective the
distinct signification of the verb, and to adjective
also the mood, as it has to adjective time. It has . .
. adjectived all three.
Tooke.
Ad"jec*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of an
adjective; as, a word used adjectively.
Ad*join" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjoined
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Adjoining.] [OE. ajoinen,
OF. ajoindre, F. adjoindre, fr. L.
adjungere; ad + jungere to join. See
Join, and cf. Adjunct.] To join or
unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact with; to attach;
to append.
Corrections . . . should be, as remarks, adjoined
by way of note.
Watts.
<-- p. 22 -->
Ad*join" (#), v. i. 1.
To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; as,
the houses adjoin.
When one man's land adjoins to another's.
Blackstone.
to, on,
or with is obsolete or obsolescent.
2. To join one's self. [Obs.]
She lightly unto him adjoined side to side.
Spenser.
Ad*join"ant (#), a.
Contiguous. [Obs.]
Carew.
Ad*join"ing, a. Joining to; contiguous;
adjacent; as, an adjoining room. \'bdThe
adjoining fane.\'b8
Dryden.
Upon the hills adjoining to the city.
Shak.
Syn. -- Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting;
bordering. See Adjacent.
Ad"joint (#), n. An adjunct; a
helper. [Obs.]
Ad*journ (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjourned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjourning
(#).] [OE. ajornen, OF.
ajoiner, ajurner, F. ajourner;
OF. a (L. ad) + jor,
jur, jorn, F. jour, day, fr. L.
diurnus belonging to the day, fr. dies day.
Cf. Journal, Journey.] To put off or
defer to another day, or indefinitely; to postpone; to close or
suspend for the day; -- commonly said of the meeting, or the
action, of convened body; as, to adjourn the
meeting; to adjourn a debate.
It is a common practice to adjourn the reformation
of their lives to a further time.
Barrow.
'Tis a needful fitness
That we adjourn this court till further day.
Shak.
Syn. -- To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend.
-- To Adjourn, Prorogue,
Dissolve. These words are used in respect to public
bodies when they lay aside business and separate.
Adjourn, both in Great Britain and this country, is
applied to all cases in which such bodies separate for a brief
period, with a view to meet again. Prorogue is applied
in Great Britain to that act of the executive government, as the
sovereign, which brings a session of Parliament to a close. The
word is not used in this country, but a legislative body is said,
in such a case, to adjourn sine die. To
dissolve is to annul the corporate existence of a
body. In order to exist again the body must be
reconstituted.
Ad*journ", v. i.To suspend business for
a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period, or
indefinitely; usually, to suspend public business, as of
legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; as,
congress adjourned at four o'clock; the court
adjourned without day.
Ad*journ"al (#), n.
Adjournment; postponement. [R.] \'bdAn
adjournal of the Diet.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Ad*journ"ment (#), n. [Cf. f.
adjournement, OF. ajornement. See
Adjourn.] 1. The act of adjourning;
the putting off till another day or time specified, or without
day.
2. The time or interval during which a public body
adjourns its sittings or postpones business.
Ad*judge" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjudged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudging
(#).] [OE. ajugen, OF.
ajugier, fr. L. adjudicare; ad +
judicare to judge. See Judge, and cf.
Adjudicate.] 1. To award judicially
in the case of a controverted question; as, the prize was
adjudged to the victor.
2. To determine in the exercise of judicial power;
to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; as, the case
was adjudged in the November term.
3. To sentence; to condemn.
Without reprieve, adjudged to death
For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth.
Milton.
4. To regard or hold; to judge; to deem.
He adjudged him unworthy of his friendship.
Knolles.
Syn. -- To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain;
assign.
Ad*judg"er (#), n. One who
adjudges.
Ad*judg"ment (#), n. The act of
adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication.
Sir W. Temple.
Ad*ju"di*cate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjudicated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudicating
(#)] [L. adjudicatus, p. p.
of adjudicare. See Adjudge.] To
adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by judicial
decree.
Ad*ju"di*cate, v. i. To come to a
judicial decision; as, the court adjudicated upon
the case.
Ad*ju`di*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
adjudicatio: cf. F. adjudication.]
1. The act of adjudicating; the act or process of
trying and determining judicially.
2. A deliberate determination by the judicial
power; a judicial decision or sentence. \'bdAn
adjudication in favor of natural rights.\'b8
Burke.
3. (Bankruptcy practice) The decision
upon the question whether the debtor is a bankrupt.
Abbott.
4. (Scots Law) A process by which land
is attached security or in satisfaction of a debt.
Ad*ju"di*ca*tive (#), a.
Adjudicating.
Ad*ju"di*ca`tor (#), n. One who
adjudicates.
Ad*ju"di*ca*ture (#), n.
Adjudication.
Ad"ju*gate (#), v. t. [L.
adjugatus, p. p. of adjugare; ad +
jugum a yoke.] To yoke to.
[Obs.]
Ad"ju*ment (#), n. [L.
adjumentum, for adjuvamentum, fr.
adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to
help.] Help; support; also, a helper.
[Obs.]
Waterhouse.
Ad"junct` (#), a. [L.
adjunctus, p. p. of adjungere. See
Adjoin.] Conjoined; attending;
consequent.
Though that my death were adjunct to my act.
Shak.
Adjunct notes (Mus.), short notes
between those essential to the harmony; auxiliary notes; passing
notes.
Ad"junct`, n. 1. Something
joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of
it.
Learning is but an adjunct to our self.
Shak.
2. A person joined to another in some duty or
service; a colleague; an associate.
Wotton.
3. (Gram.) A word or words added to
quality or amplify the force of other words; as, the History
of the American Revolution, where the words in italics
are the adjunct or adjuncts of
\'bdHistory.\'b8
4. (Metaph.) A quality or property of
the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; as,
color, in the body, judgment in the
mind.
5. (Mus.) A key or scale closely related
to another as principal; a relative or attendant key.
[R.] See Attendant keys, under
Attendant, a.
Ad*junc"tion (#), n. [L.
adjunctio, fr. adjungere: cf. F.
adjonction, and see Adjunct.] The
act of joining; the thing joined or added.
Ad*junc"tive (#), a. [L.
adjunctivus, fr. adjungere. See
Adjunct.] Joining; having the quality of
joining; forming an adjunct.
Ad*junc"tive, n. One who, or that which,
is joined.
Ad*junc"tive*ly, adv. In an adjunctive
manner.
Ad*junct"ly (#), adv. By way of
addition or adjunct; in connection with.
Ad`ju*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
adjuratio, fr. adjurare: cf. F.
adjuration. See Adjure.] 1.
The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the
penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.
What an accusation could not effect, an adjuration
shall.
Bp. Hall.
2. The form of oath or appeal.
Persons who . . . made use of prayer and
adjurations.
Addison.
Ad*ju"ra*to*ry (#), a. [L.
adjuratorius.] Containing an
adjuration.
Ad*jure" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjured
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjuring
(#)]. [L. adjurare,
adjurdium, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F.
adjurer. See Jury.] To charge,
bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the
penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive
manner; to entreat earnestly.
Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be
the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city
Jericho.
Josh. vi. 26.
The high priest . . . said . . . I adjure thee by
the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ.
Matt. xxvi. 63.
The commissioners adjured them not to let pass so
favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties.
Marshall.
Ad*jur"er (#), n. One who
adjures.
Ad*just" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjusted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Adjusting.] [OF.
ajuster, ajoster (whence F.
ajouter to add), LL. adjuxtare to fit; fr.
L. ad + juxta near; confused later with L.
ad and justus just, right, whence F.
ajuster to adjust. See Just, v. t. and cf.
Adjute.] 1. To make exact; to fit;
to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper
relations; as, to adjust a garment to the body, or
things to a standard.
2. To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to
system.
Adjusting the orthography.
Johnson.
3. To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so
that parties are agreed in the result; as, to adjust
accounts; the differences are adjusted.
4. To bring to a true relative position, as the
parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; as, to
adjust a telescope or microscope.
Syn. -- To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set
right; rectify; settle.
Ad*just"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being adjusted.
Ad*just"age (#), n. [Cf.
Ajutage.] Adjustment. [R.]
Ad*just"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, adjusts.
Ad*just"ive (#), a. Tending to
adjust. [R.]
Ad*just"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
ajustement. See Adjust.] 1.
The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of
bringing into proper relations; regulation.
Success depends on the nicest and minutest
adjustment of the parts concerned.
Paley.
2. (Law) Settlement of claims; an
equitable arrangement of conflicting claims, as in set-off,
contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and marshaling.
Bispham.
3. The operation of bringing all the parts of an
instrument, as a microscope or telescope, into their proper
relative position for use; the condition of being thus adjusted;
as, to get a good adjustment; to be in or
out of adjustment.
Syn. -- Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation;
settlement; adaptation; disposition.
Ad"ju*tage (#), n. Same as
Ajutage.
Ad"ju*tan*cy (#), n. [See
Adjutant.] 1. The office of an
adjutant.
2. Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance.
It was, no doubt, disposed with all the adjutancy
of definition and division.
Burke.
Ad"ju*tant (#), n. [L.
adjutans, p. pr. of adjutare to help. See
Aid.] 1. A helper; an
assistant.
2. (Mil.) A regimental staff officer,
who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or
regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty.
Adjutant general (a) (Mil.),
the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the
commanding general receives communications and issues military
orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general.
(b) (Among the Jesuits), one of a select
number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order,
each of whom had a province or country assigned to his
care.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of very large
stork (Ciconia argala), a native of India; -- called
also the gigantic crane, and by the native
name argala. It is noted for its
serpent-destroying habits.
Ad"ju*ta`tor (#), n. (Eng.
Hist.) A corruption of Agitator.
Ad*jute" (#), v. t. [F.
ajouter; confused with L. adjutare.]
To add. [Obs.]
Ad*ju"tor (#), n. [L., fr.
adjuvare. See Aid.] A helper or
assistant. [Archaic]
Drayton.
Ad*ju"to*ry (#), a. [L.
adjutorius.] Serving to help or assist;
helping. [Obs.]
Ad*ju"trix (#), n. [L. See
Adjutor.] A female helper or assistant.
[R.]
Ad"ju*vant (#), a. [L.
adjuvans, p. pr. of adjuvare to aid: cf. F.
adjuvant. See Aid.] Helping;
helpful; assisting. [R.]
\'bdAdjuvant causes.\'b8
Howell.
Ad"ju*vant, n. 1. An
assistant. [R.]
Yelverton.
2. (Med.) An ingredient, in a
prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal
ingredient.
Ad`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
adlegatio, allegatio, a sending away; fr.
adlegare, allegare, to send away with a
commission; ad in addition + legare to send
as ambassador. Cf. Allegation.] A right
formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of joining
their own ministers with those of the emperor in public treaties
and negotiations to the common interest of the empire.
Encyc. Brit.
\'d8Ad lib"i*tum (#). At one's pleasure;
as one wishes.
Ad`lo*cu"tion (#), n. See
Allocution. [Obs.]
Ad*mar"gin*ate (#), v. t.
[Pref. ad- + margin.] To
write in the margin. [R.]
Coleridge.
Ad*max"il*la*ry (#), a. [Pref.
ad- + maxillary.] (Anat.)
Near to the maxilla or jawbone.
Ad*meas"ure (?; 135), v. t.
[Cf. OF. amesurer, LL. admensurare.
See Measure.] 1. To measure.
2. (Law) To determine the proper share
of, or the proper apportionment; as, to admeasure
dower; to admeasure common of pasture.
Blackstone.
2. The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.
3. (Law) Formerly, the adjustment of
proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture
held in common. This was by writ of admeasurement,
directed to the sheriff.
Ad*meas"ur*er (#), n. One who
admeasures.
Ad*men`su*ra"tion (#), n. [LL.
admensuratio; L. ad + mensurare to measure.
See Mensuration.] Same as
Admeasurement.
Ad*min"i*cle (#), n. [L.
adminculum support, orig., that on which the hand
rests; ad + manus hand + dim. ending
-culym.] 1. Help or support; an
auxiliary.
Grote.
2. (Law) Corroborative or explanatory
proof.
In Scots law, any writing tending to establish
the existence or terms of a lost deed.
Bell.
Ad`mi*nic"u*lar (#), a.
Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory;
as, adminicular evidence.
H. Spencer.
Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry (#), a.
Adminicular.
Ad*min"is*ter (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Administered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Administering.] [OE.
aministren, OF. aministrer, F.
administer, fr. L. administrare; ad +
ministrare to serve. See Minister.]
1. To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to
direct or superintend the execution, application, or conduct of;
as, to administer the government or the
state.
For forms of government let fools contest:
Whate'er is best administered is best.
Pope.
2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute;
as, to administer relief, to administer the
sacrament.
[Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial
airs.
Philips.
Justice was administered with an exactness and
purity not before known.
Macaulay.
3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a
dose or something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a
blow, a reproof, etc.
A noxious drug had been administered to him.
Macaulay.
4. To tender, as an oath.
Swear . . . to keep the oath that we
administer.
Shak.
5. (Law) To settle, as the estate of one
who dies without a will, or whose will fails of an
executor.
Syn. -- To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give
out; distribute; furnish.
Ad*min"is*ter, v. i. 1. To
contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to
minister.
A fountain . . . administers to the pleasure as
well as the plenty of the place.
Spectator.
2. (Law) To perform the office of
administrator; to act officially; as, A administers
upon the estate of B.
Ad*min"is*ter, n. Administrator.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Ad*min`is*te"ri*al (#), a.
Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of
government.
Ad*min"is*tra*ble (#), a.
Capable of being administered; as, an
administrable law.
Ad*min"is*trant (#), a. [F., p.
pr. of administrer. See Administer.]
Executive; acting; managing affairs. --
n. One who administers.
Ad*min"is*trate (#), v. t. [L.
administratus, p. p. of
administrare.] To administer.
[R.]
Milman.
Ad*min`is*tra"tion (?; 277), n.
[OE. administracioun, L.
administratio: cf. F.
administration.] 1. The act of
administering; government of public affairs; the service
rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the
conducting of any office or employment; direction;
management.
His financial administration was of a piece with
his military administration.
Macaulay.
2. The executive part of government; the persons
collectively who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the
superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his
cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in
Great Britain.
A mild and popular administration.
Macaulay.
The administration has been opposed in
parliament.
Johnson.
3. The act of administering, or tendering something
to another; dispensation; as, the administration of
a medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the
sacrament.
<-- p. 23 -->
4. (Law) (a) The management and
disposal, under legal authority, of the estate of an intestate,
or of a testator having no competent executor. (b)
The management of an estate of a deceased person by an
executor, the strictly corresponding term execution
not being in use.
Administration with the will annexed,
administration granted where the testator has appointed no
executor, or where his appointment of an executor for any cause
has failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act,
etc.
Syn. -- Conduct; management; direction; regulation;
execution; dispensation; distribution.
Ad*min"is*tra`tive (#), a. [L.
administrativus: cf. F.
administratif.] Pertaining to
administration; administering; executive; as, an
administrative body, ability, or energy. --
Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly,
adv.
Ad*min`is*tra"tor (#), n.
[L.] 1. One who administers affairs; one
who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil,
judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.
2. (Law) A man who manages or settles
the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no
competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has
been committed by competent authority.
Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship, n. The position
or office of an administrator.
Ad*min`is*tra"trix (#), n.
[NL.] A woman who administers; esp., one who
administers the estate of an intestate, or to whom letters of
administration have been granted; a female administrator.
Ad`mi*ra*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
admirabilitac.] Admirableness.
[R.]
Johnson.
Ad"mi*ra*ble (#), a. [L.
admirabilis: cf. F. admirable.]
1. Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful;
marvelous. [Obs.]
In man there is nothing admirable but his ignorance
and weakness.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Having qualities to excite wonder united with
approbation; deserving the highest praise; most excellent; --
used of persons or things. \'bdAn admirable
machine.\'b8 \'bdAdmirable fortitude.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent;
delightful; praiseworthy.
Ad"mi*ra*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being admirable; wonderful excellence.
Ad"mi*ra*bly, adv. In an admirable
manner.
Ad"mi*ral (#), n. [OE.
amiral, admiral, OF. amiral,
ultimately fr. Ar. am\'c6r-al-bahr commander of the
sea; Ar. am\'c6r is commander, al is the
Ar. article, and am\'c6r-al, heard in different
titles, was taken as one word. Early forms of the word show
confusion with L. admirabilis admirable, fr.
admirari to admire. It is said to have been introduced
into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th
century. Cf. Ameer, Emir.] 1.
A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high
rank, of which there are different grades. The chief gradations
in rank are admiral, vice admiral, and
rear admiral. The admiral is the commander
in chief of a fleet or of fleets.
2. The ship which carries the admiral; also, the
most considerable ship of a fleet.
Like some mighty admiral, dark and terrible,
bearing down upon his antagonist with all his canvas straining to
the wind, and all his thunders roaring from his broadsides.
E. Everett.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A handsome butterfly
(Pyrameis Atalanta) of Europe and America. The larva
feeds on nettles.
Admiral shell (Zo\'94l.), the
popular name of an ornamental cone shell (Conus
admiralis).
Lord High Admiral, a great officer of state,
who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is at the head of the
naval administration of Great Britain.
Ad"mi*ral*ship, n. The office or
position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of an
admiral.
Ad"mi*ral*ty (#), n.; pl.
Admiralties (#). [F.
amiraut\'82, for an older amiralt\'82,
office of admiral, fr. LL. admiralitas. See
Admiral.] 1. The office or
jurisdiction of an admiral.
Prescott.
2. The department or officers having authority over
naval affairs generally.
3. The court which has jurisdiction of maritime
questions and offenses.
4. The system of jurisprudence of admiralty
courts.
5. The building in which the lords of the
admiralty, in England, transact business.
Ad*mir"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
admirance.] Admiration.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ad`mi*ra"tion (#), n. [F., fr.
L. admiratio. See Admire.] 1.
Wonder; astonishment. [Obs.]
Season your admiration for a while.
Shak.
2. Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an
emotion excited by a person or thing possessed of wonderful or
high excellence; as, admiration of a beautiful
woman, of a landscape, of virtue.
3. Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder,
or pleased surprise; a prodigy.
Now, good Lafeu, bring in the admiration.
Shak.
Note of admiration, the mark (!), called also
exclamation point.
Syn. -- Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration;
reverence; worship.
Ad*mir"a*tive (#), a. Relating
to or expressing admiration or wonder. [R.]
Earle.
Ad*mire" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Admired
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Admiring
(#).] [F. admirer, fr. L.
admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for
smirari, akin to Gr. smi, and E. smile.] 1.
To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with
surprise; to marvel at. [Archaic]
Examples rather to be admired than imitated.
Fuller.
2. To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon
with an elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls
out approbation, esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize
highly; as, to admire a person of high moral worth,
to admire a landscape.
Admired as heroes and as gods obeyed.
Pope.
Admire followed by the infinitive is
obsolete or colloquial; as, I admire to see a man
consistent in his conduct.
Syn. -- To esteem; approve; delight in.
Ad*mire", v. i.To wonder; to marvel; to
be affected with surprise; -- sometimes with at.
To wonder at Pharaoh, and even admire at
myself.
Fuller.
Ad*mired" (#), a. 1.
Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; as, an
admired poem.
2. Wonderful; also, admirable.
[Obs.] \'bdAdmired disorder.\'b8 \'bd
Admired Miranda.\'b8
Shak.
Ad*mir"er (#), n. One who
admires; one who esteems or loves greatly.
Cowper.
Ad*mir"ing, a. Expressing admiration;
as, an admiring glance. --
Ad*mir"ing*ly, adv.
Shak.
Ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Cf.
F. admissibilit\'82.] The quality of being
admissible; admissibleness; as, the admissibility of
evidence.
Ad*mis"si*ble (#), a. [F.
admissible, LL. admissibilis. See
Admit.] Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of
being admitted; that may be allowed or conceded; allowable;
as, the supposition is hardly admissible.
-- Ad*mis"si*ble*ness, n. --
Ad*mis"si*bly, adv.
Ad*mis"sion (#), n. [L.
admissio: cf. F. admission. See
Admit.] 1. The act or practice of
admitting.
2. Power or permission to enter; admittance;
entrance; access; power to approach.
What numbers groan for sad admission there!
Young.
3. The granting of an argument or position not
fully proved; the act of acknowledging something
The too easy admission of doctrines.
Macaulay.
4. (Law) Acquiescence or concurrence in
a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a
confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by
another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.
5. A fact, point, or statement admitted; as,
admission made out of court are received in
evidence.
6. (Eng. Eccl. Law) Declaration of the
bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve
the cure of the church to which he is presented.
Shipley.
Syn. -- Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence;
allowance. See Admittance.
Ad*mis"sive (#), a.Implying an
admission; tending to admit. [R.]
Lamb.
Ad*mis"so*ry (#), a. Pertaining
to admission.
Ad*mit" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Admitted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Admitting.] [OE.
amitten, L. admittere, admissum;
ad + mittere to send: cf. F. admettre, OF.
admettre, OF. ametre. See
Missile.] 1. To suffer to enter; to
grant entrance, whether into a place, or into the mind, or
consideration; to receive; to take; as, they were into his
house; to admit a serious thought into the mind; to
admit evidence in the trial of a cause.
2. To give a right of entrance; as, a ticket
one into a playhouse.
3. To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy
a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise; as,
to admit an attorney to practice law; the prisoner was
admitted to bail.
4. To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to,
as an allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or
confess; as, the argument or fact is admitted; he
admitted his guilt.
5. To be capable of; to permit; as, the words
do not admit such a construction. In this sense,
of may be used after the verb, or may be
omitted.
Both Houses declared that they could admit of no
treaty with the king.
Hume.
Ad*mit"ta*ble (#), a.
Admissible.
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*mit"tance (#), n. 1.
The act of admitting.
2. Permission to enter; the power or right of
entrance; also, actual entrance; reception.
To gain admittance into the house.
South.
He desires admittance to the king.
Dryden.
To give admittance to a thought of fear.
Shak.
3. Concession; admission; allowance; as, the
admittance of an argument.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
4. Admissibility. [Obs.]
Shak.
5. (Eng. Law) The act of giving
possession of a copyhold estate.
Bouvier.
Syn. -- Admission; access; entrance; initiation.
-- Admittance, Admission. These words
are, to some extent, in a state of transition and change.
Admittance is now chiefly confined to its primary
sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we see on
the doors of factories, shops, etc. \'bdNo
admittance.\'b8 Its secondary or moral sense, as
\'bdadmittance to the church,\'b8 is almost entirely
laid aside. Admission has taken to itself the
secondary or figurative senses; as, admission to the
rights of citizenship; admission to the church; the
admissions made by one of the parties in a
dispute. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not
identical with admittance. Thus, we speak of
admission into a country, territory, and other larger
localities, etc., where admittance could not be used.
So, when we speak of admission to a concert or other
public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly that of
admittance, viz., access within the walls of the
building, but rather a reception into the audience, or access to
the performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject
are one definitely drawn.
\'d8Ad`mit*ta"tur (#), n. [L.,
let him be admitted.] The certificate of admission
given in some American colleges.
Ad*mit"ted (#), a. Received as
true or valid; acknowledged. --
Ad*mit"ted*ly adv.
Confessedly.
Ad*mit"ter (#), n. One who
admits.
Ad*mix" (#), v. t. [Pref.
ad- + mix: cf. L. admixtus, p.
p. of admiscere. See Mix.] To
mingle with something else; to mix. [R.]
Ad*mix"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
admixtio.] A mingling of different things;
admixture.
Glanvill.
Ad*mix"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
admiscere, admixtum, to admix; ad +
miscere to mix. See Mix.]
1. The act of mixing; mixture.
2. The compound formed by mixing different
substances together.
3. That which is mixed with anything.
Ad*mon"ish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Admonished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Admonishing.] [OE.
amonesten, OF. amonester, F.
admonester, fr. a supposed LL.
admonesstrare, fr. L. admonere to remind,
warn; ad + monere to warn. See
Monition.] 1. To warn or notify of a
fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to
exhort. \'bdAdmonish him as a brother.\'b8
2 Thess. iii. 15.
2. To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or
advise; to warn against danger or an offense; -- followed by
of, against, or a subordinate clause.
Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns.
Col. iii. 16.
I warned thee, I admonished thee, foretold
The danger, and the lurking enemy.
Milton.
3. To instruct or direct; to inform; to
notify.
Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to
make the tabernacle.
Heb. viii. 5.
Ad*mon"ish*er (#), n. One who
admonishes.
Ad*mon"ish*ment (#), n. [Cf.
OF. amonestement, admonestement.]
Admonition. [R.]
Shak.
Ad`mo*ni"tion (#), n. [OE.
amonicioun, OF. amonition, F.
admonition, fr. L. admonitio, fr.
admonere. See Admonish.] Gentle or
friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or error; expression
of authoritative advice; friendly caution or warning.
Syn. -- Admonition, Reprehension,
Reproof. Admonition is
prospective, and relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to
prevent further transgression. Reprehension and
reproof are retrospective, the former being milder
than the latter. A person of any age or station may be liable to
reprehension in case of wrong conduct; but
reproof is the act of a superior. It is authoritative
fault-finding or censure addressed to children or to
inferiors.
Ad`mo*ni"tion*er (#), n.
Admonisher. [Obs.]
Ad*mon"i*tive (#), a.
Admonitory. [R.] Barrow. --
Ad*mon"i*tive*ly, adv.
Ad*mon"i*tor (#), n. [L.]
Admonisher; monitor.
Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent
admonitor.
Shenstone.
Ad*mon`i*to"ri*al (#), a.
Admonitory. [R.] \'bdAn
admonitorial tone.\'b8
Dickens.
Ad*mon"i*to*ry (#), a. [LL.
admonitorius.] That conveys admonition;
warning or reproving; as, an admonitory
glance. -- Ad*mon"i*to*ri*ly,
(#), adv.
Ad*mon"i*trix (#), n.
[L.] A female admonitor.
Ad*mor`ti*za"tion (#), n. [LL.
admortizatio. Cf. Amortization.]
(Law) The reducing or lands or tenements to
mortmain. See Mortmain.
Ad*move" (#), v. t. [L.
admovere. See Move.] To move or
conduct to or toward. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*nas"cent (#), a. [L.
adnascens, p. pr. of adnasci to be born,
grow.] Growing to or on something else. \'bdAn
adnascent plant.\'b8
Evelyn.
Ad"nate (#), a. [L.
adnatus, p. p. of adnasci. See
Adnascent, and cf. Agnate.] 1.
(Physiol.) Grown to congenitally.
2. (Bot.) Growing together; -- said only
of organic cohesion of unlike parts.
An anther is adnate when fixed by its whole length
to the filament.
Gray.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Growing with one side
adherent to a stem; -- a term applied to the lateral zooids of
corals and other compound animals.
Ad*na"tion (#), n. (Bot.)
The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or
sets of organs.
Ad*nom"i*nal (#), a. [L.
ad + nomen noun.] (Gram.)
Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a
noun. Gibbs. --
Ad*nom"i*nal*ly, adv.
Ad"noun` (#), n. [Pref.
ad- + noun.] (Gram.)
An adjective, or attribute. [R.]
Coleridge.
Ad*nu"bi*la`ted (#), a. [L.
adnubilatus, p. p. of adnubilare.]
Clouded; obscured. [R.]
A*do" (#), (1) v. inf., (2)
n. [OE. at do, northern form for
to do. Cf. Affair.] 1. To
do; in doing; as, there is nothing. \'bdWhat is
here ado?\'b8
J. Newton.
2. Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome
business; fuss; bustle; as, to make a great ado
about trifles.
With much ado, he partly kept awake.
Dryden.
Let's follow to see the end of this ado.
Shak.
\'d8A*do"be (#), n. [Sp.]
An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an
adjective, as, an adobe house, in Texas or New
Mexico.
Ad`o*les"cence (#), n. [Fr.,
fr. L. adolescentia.] The state of growing
up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period
of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be,
in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with
reference to the lower animals.
Ad`o*les"cen*cy (#), n. The
quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.
<-- p. 24 -->
Ad`o*les"cent (#), a. [L.
adolescens, p. pr. of adolescere to grow up
to; ad + the inchoative olescere to grow:
cf. F. adolescent. See Adult.]
Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity.
Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong,
Detain their adolescent charge too long.
Cowper.
Ad`o*les"cent, n. A youth.
Ad`o*ne"an (#), a. [L.
Adon.] Pertaining to Adonis;
Adonic. \'bdFair Adonean Venus.\'b8
Faber.
A*don"ic (#), a. [F.
adonique: cf. L. Adonius.]
Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty. --
n. An Adonic verse.
Adonic verse, a verse consisting of a dactyl
and spondee (#).
\'d8A*do"nis (#), n. [L., gr.
Gr. 1. (Gr. Myth.) A youth
beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a
wild boar.
2. A pre\'89minently beautiful young man; a
dandy.
3. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the
family Ranunculace\'91, containing the pheasaut's eye
(Adonis autumnalis); -- named from Adonis, whose blood
was fabled to have stained the flower.
A*do"nist (#), n. [Heb.
my Lords.] One who maintains
that points of the Hebrew word translated \'bdJehovah\'b8 are
really the vowel points of the word \'bdAdonai.\'b8 See
Jehovist.
Ad"o*nize (#), v. t. [Cf. F.
adoniser, fr. Adonis.] To
beautify; to dandify.
I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and
adonozing myself.
Smollett.
{ A*door (#), A*doors
(#), }At the door; of the door; as, out
adoors.
Shak.
I took him in adoors.
Vicar's Virgil (1630).
A*dopt" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adopted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Adopting.] [L.
adoptare; ad + optare to choose, desire:
cf. F. adopter. See Option.]
1. To take by choice into relationship, as,
child, heir, friend, citizen, etc. ; esp. to take
voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or
as, one's own child.
2. To take or receive as one's own what is not so
naturally; to select and take or approve; as, to
adopt the view or policy of another; these resolutions
were adopted.
A*dopt"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being adopted.
A*dopt"ed (#), a. Taken by
adoption; taken up as one's own; as, an adopted son,
citizen, country, word. --
A*dopt"ed*ly, adv.
A*dopt"er (#), n. 1.
One who adopts.
2. (Chem.) A receiver, with two necks,
opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort,
and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in
distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase
the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose
openings have different diameters. [Written also
adapter.]
A*dop"tion (#), n. [L.
adoptio, allied to adoptare to adopt: cf.
F. adoption.] 1. The act of
adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a
child of other parents to be the same as one's own child.
2. Admission to a more intimate relation;
reception; as, the adoption of persons into
hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into
another.
3. The choosing and making that to be one's own
which originally was not so; acceptance; as, the
adoption of opinions.
Jer. Taylor.
A*dop"tion*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of
God not by nature but by adoption.
A*dop"tious (#), a.
Adopted. [Obs.]
A*dopt"ive (#), a. [L.
adoptivus: cf. F. adoptif.]
Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted
to adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an
adoptive language. --
A*dopt"ive*ly, adv.
A*dor`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Adorableness.
A*dor"a*ble (#), a. [L.
adorabilis, fr. adorare: cf. F.
adorable.] 1. Deserving to be
adored; worthy of divine honors.
The adorable Author of Christianity.
Cheyne.
2. Worthy of the utmost love or respect.
A*dor"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being adorable, or worthy of adoration.
Johnson.
A*dor"a*bly, adv. In an adorable
manner.
Ad`o*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
adoratio, fr. adorare: cf. F.
adoration.] 1. The act of playing
honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of
addressing as a god.
The more immediate objects of popular adoration
amongst the heathens were deified human beings.
Farmer.
2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound
veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion.
3. A method of electing a pope by the expression of
homage from two thirds of the conclave.
[Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by
adoration.
Froude.
A*dore" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adored (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Adoring (#).] [OE.
aouren, anouren, adoren, OF.
aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L.
adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray,
os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with
honor, the French prefix a- being confused
with OE. a, an, on. See
Oral.] 1. To worship with profound
reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as
divine.
Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James
adored.
Smollett.
2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with
the utmost esteem and affection; to idolize.
The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and
adored Montouth.
Macaulay.
A*dore", v. t. To adorn.
[Obs.]
Congealed little drops which do the morn adore.
Spenser.
A*dore"ment (#), n. The act of
adoring; adoration. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
A*dor"er (#), n. One who
adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent
admirer. \'bdAn adorer of truth.\'b8
Clarendon.
I profess myself her adorer, not her friend.
Shak.
A*dor"ing*ly, adv. With adoration.
A*dorn" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adorned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Adorning.] [OE. aournen,
anournen, adornen, OF. aorner,
fr. L. aaornare; ad + ornare to furnish,
embellish. See Adore, Ornate.] To
deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to
advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.
As a bride adorneth herself with her jewels.
Isa. lxi. 10.
At church, with meek and unaffected grace,
His looks adorned the venerable place.
Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify;
grace; dignify; exalt; honor. -- To Adorn,
Ornament, Decorate, Embellish. We
decorate and ornament by putting on some
adjunct which is attractive or beautiful, and which
serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-dress
may be ornament or decorated with flowers
or jewelry; a hall may be decorated or
ornament with carving or gilding, with wreaths of
flowers, or with hangings. Ornament is used in a wider
sense than decorate. To embellish is to
beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or
details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes
means gaudy and artificial decoration. We embellish a
book with rich engravings; a style is embellished with
rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper embellishes
his front window to attract attention. Adorn is
sometimes identical with decorate, as when we say, a
lady was adorned with jewels. In other cases, it seems
to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings
as adorned with the works of some of the great
masters, or adorned with noble statuary and columns.
Here decorated and ornamented would hardly
be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond
mere show and ornament. Adorn may be used of what is
purely moral; as, a character adorned with every
Christian grace. Here neither decorate, nor
ornament, nor embellish is proper.
A*dorn", n. Adornment.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
A*dorn", a. Adorned; decorated.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Ad`or*na"tion (#), n.
Adornment. [Obs.]
A*dorn"er (#), n. He who, or
that which, adorns; a beautifier.
A*dorn"ing*ly, adv. By adorning;
decoratively.
A*dorn"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
adornement. See Adorn.] An
adorning; an ornament; a decoration.
Ad*os"cu*la"tion (#), n. [L.
adosculari, adosculatum, to kiss. See
Osculate.] (Biol.) Impregnation by
external contact, without intromission.
A*down" (#), adv. [OE.
adun, adoun, adune. AS. of
d\'d4ne off the hill. See Down.]
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on
the ground. [Archaic] \'bdThrice did she sink
adown.\'b8
Spenser.
A*down", prep. Down.
[Archaic & Poetic]
Her hair adown her shoulders loosely lay
displayed.
Prior.
Ad*press" (#), v. t. [L.
adpressus, p. p. of adprimere.]
See Appressed. --
Ad*pressed", (#),
a.
A*drad" (#), p. a. [P. p. of
adread.] Put in dread; afraid.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ad"ra*gant (#), n. [F., a
corruption of tragacanth.] Gum
tragacanth.
Brande & C.
A*dread" (#), v. t. & i. [AS.
andr\'91dan, ondr\'91; pref. a-
(for and against) + dr\'91den to dread. See
Dread.] To dread. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
A*dreamed" (#), p. p. Visited
by a dream; -- used in the phrase, To be adreamed, to
dream. [Obs.]
Ad*re"nal (#), a. [Pref.
ad- + renal.] (Anat.)
Suprarenal.
A"dri*an (#), a. [L.
Hadrianus.] Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea;
as, Adrian billows.
A`dri*at"ic (#), a. [L.
Adriaticus, Hadriaticus, fr.
Adria or Hadria, a town of the
Veneti.] Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the
northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.
A*drift" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- (for on) + drift.]
Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of
wind and waves. Also fig.
So on the sea shall be set adrift.
Dryden.
Were from their daily labor turned adrift.
Wordsworth.
A*drip" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- in + drip.] In a dripping
state; as, leaves all adrip.
D. G. Mitchell.
Ad"ro*gate (#), v. t. [See
Arrogate.] (Rom. Law) To adopt (a
person who is his own master).
Ad`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
adrogatio, arrogatio, fr.
adrogare. See Arrogate.] (Rom.
Law) A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See
Arrogation.
A*droit" (#), a. [F.
adroit; \'85 (L. ad) =
droit straight, right, fr. L. directus, p.
p. of dirigere. See Direct.]
Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the
mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding
danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution;
-- applied to persons and to acts; as, an adroit
mechanic, an adroit reply.
\'bdAdroit in the application of the telescope and
quadrant.\'b8 Horsley. \'bdHe was adroit in
intrigue.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft;
ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.
A*droit"ly, adv. In an adroit
manner.
A*droit"ness, n. The quality of being
adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.
Adroitness was as requisite as courage.
Motley.
Syn. -- See Skill.
A*dry" (#), a. [Pref.
a- (for on) + dry.]
In a dry or thirsty condition. \'bdA man that is
adry.\'b8
Burton.
Ad`sci*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
adscitus, p. p. of adsciscere,
asciscere, to take knowingly; ad + sciscere
to seek to know, approve, scire to know.]
Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious.
\'bdAdscititious evidence.\'b8 Bowring. --
Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly,
adv.
Ad"script (#), a. [L.
adscriptus, p. p. of adscribere to
enroll. See Ascribe.] Held to service as
attached to the soil; -- said of feudal serfs.
Ad"script (#), n. One held to
service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf.
Bancroft.
Ad*scrip"tive (#), a.[L.
adscriptivus. See Adscript.]
Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable
with it.
Brougham.
Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (#), n.
Additional signification. [R.]
Tooke.
Ad*sig"ni*fy (#), v. t. [L.
adsignificare to show.] To denote
additionally. [R.]
Tooke.
Ad*strict" (#), v. t. --
Ad*stric"tion, (#)
n. See Astrict, and
Astriction.
Ad*stric"to*ry (#), a. See
Astrictory.
Ad*strin"gent (#), a. See
Astringent.
\'d8Ad`u*la"ri*a (#), n. [From
Adula, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine
specimens are found.] (Min.) A transparent
or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which
often shows pearly opalescent reflections; -- called by
lapidaries moonstone.
Ad"u*late (#), v. t. [L.
adulatus, p. p. of adulari.] To
flatter in a servile way.
Byron.
Ad`u*la"tion (#), n. [F.
adulation, fr. L. adulatio, fr.
adulari, adulatum, to flatter.]
Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is
merited.
Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out
With titles blown from adulation?
Shak.
Syn. -- Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness;
blandishment. -- Adulation,
Flattery, Compliment. Men deal in
compliments from a desire to please; they use
flattery either from undue admiration, or a wish to
gratify vanity; they practice adulation from sordid
motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy.
Compliment may be a sincere expression of due respect
and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; flattery is apt to
become gross; adulation is always servile, and usually
fulsome.
Ad"u*la`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
adulari: cf. F. adulateur.] A
servile or hypocritical flatterer.
Carlyle.
Ad"u*la*to*ry (#), a. [L.
adulatorius, fr. adulari: cf. OF.
adulatoire.] Containing excessive praise or
compliment; servilely praising; flattering; as, an
adulatory address.
A mere rant of adulatory freedom.
Burke.
Ad"u*la`tress (#), n. A woman
who flatters with servility.
A*dult" (#), a. [L.
adultus, p. p. of adolescere, akin to
alere to nourish: cf. F. adulte. See
Adolescent, Old.] Having arrived at
maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; as, an
adult person or plant; an adult ape; an
adult age.
A*dult", n. A person, animal, or plant
grown to full size and strength; one who has reached
maturity.
common law, the term is applied to
a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the
civil law, to males after the age of fourteen, and to
females after twelve.
A*dul"ter (#), v. i. [L.
adulterare.] To commit adultery; to
pollute. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
A*dul"ter*ant (#), n. [L.
adulterans, p. pr. of adulterare.]
That which is used to adulterate anything. --
a. Adulterating; as, adulterant agents
and processes.
A*dul"ter*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adulterated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n Adulterating
(#).] [L. adulteratus, p. p.
of adulterare, fr. adulter adulterer, prob.
fr. ad + alter other, properly one who approaches
another on account of unlawful love. Cf.
Advoutry.]
1. To defile by adultery. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an
admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; as, to
adulterate food, drink, drugs, coin, etc.
The present war has . . . adulterated our tongue
with strange words.
Spectator.
Syn. -- To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate;
sophisticate.
A*dul"ter*ate, v. i. To commit
adultery. [Obs.]
A*dul"ter*ate (#), a. 1.
Tainted with adultery.
2. Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance;
adulterated; spurious.
-- A*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv. --
A*dul"ter*ate*ness, n.
A*dul`ter*a"tion (#), n. [L.
adulteratio.] 1. The act of
adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink)
by foreign mixture.
The shameless adulteration of the coin.
Prescott.
2. An adulterated state or product.
A*dul"ter*a`tor (#), n.
[L.] One who adulterates or corrupts.
[R.]
Cudworth.
A*dul"ter*er (#), n. [Formed
fr. the verb adulter, with the E. ending
-er. See Advoutrer.] 1. A
man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual
intercourse with a woman not his wife.
2. (Script.) A man who violates his
religious covenant.
Jer. ix. 2.
A*dul"ter*ess (#), n. [Fem.
from L. adulter. Cf. Advoutress.]
1. A woman who commits adultery.
2. (Script.) A woman who violates her
religious engagements.
James iv. 4.
A*dul"ter*ine (#), a.[L.
adulterinus, fr. adulter.]
Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious;
without the support of law; illegal.
When any particular class of artificers or traders thought
proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were
called adulterine guilds.
Adam Smith.
A*dul"ter*ine, n. An illegitimate
child. [R.]
A*dul"ter*ize (#), v. i. To
commit adultery.
Milton.
A*dul"ter*ous (#), a. 1.
Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery;
illicit.
Dryden.
2. Characterized by adulteration; spurious.
\'bdAn adulterous mixture.\'b8 [Obs.]
Smollett.
A*dul"ter*ous*ly, adv. In an adulterous
manner.
A*dul"ter*y (#), n.; pl.
Adulteries(#). [L.
adulterium. See Advoutry.] 1.
The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed;
sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife,
or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another
than her husband.
<-- p. 25 -->
double adultery; between a married and an unmarried
person, single adultery.
2. Adulteration; corruption.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
3. (Script.) (a) Lewdness or
unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh
commandment. (b) Faithlessness in
religion.
Jer. iii. 9.
4. (Old Law) The fine and penalty
imposed for the offense of adultery.
5. (Eccl.) The intrusion of a person
into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.
6. Injury; degradation; ruin.
[Obs.]
You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the
adultery and spoil of nature.
B. Jonson.
A*dult"ness (#), n. The state
of being adult.
Ad*um"brant (#), a. [L.
adumbrans, p. pr. of adumbrare.]
Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing
forth.
Ad*um"brate (#), v. t. [L.
adumbratus, p. p. of adumbrare; ad +
umbrare to shade; umbra shadow.]
1. To give a faint shadow or slight representation
of; to outline; to shadow forth.
Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe
the invisible God is adumbrated.
L. Taylor.
2. To overshadow; to shade.
Ad`um*bra"tion (#), n. [L.
adumbratio.] 1. The act of
adumbrating, or shadowing forth.
2. A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect
portrayal or representation of a thing.
Elegant adumbrations of sacred truth.
Bp. Horsley.
3. (Her.) The shadow or outlines of a
figure.
Ad*um"bra*tive (#), a. Faintly
representing; typical.
Carlyle.
Ad`u*na"tion (#), n. [L.
adunatio; ad + unus one.] A
uniting; union.
Jer. Taylor.
{ A*dunc", A*dunque" }
(#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Hooked;
as, a parrot has an adunc bill.
A*dun"ci*ty (#), n. [L.
aduncitas. See Aduncous.]
Curvature inwards; hookedness.
The aduncity of the beaks of hawks.
Pope.
A*dun"cous (#), a. [L.
aduncus; ad + uncus hooked, hook.]
Curved inwards; hooked.
A*dure" (#), v. t. [L.
adurere; ad + urere to burn.] To
burn up. [Obs.]
Bacon.
A*dust" (#), a. [L.
adustus, p. p. of adurere: cf. F.
aduste.] 1. Inflamed or scorched;
fiery. \'bdThe Libyan air adust.\'bd
Milton.
2. Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt.
A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion.
Sir W. Scott.
3. (Med.) Having much heat in the
constitution and little serum in the blood. [Obs.]
Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.
A*dust"ed, a. Burnt; adust.
[Obs.]
Howell.
A*dust"i*ble (#), a. That may
be burnt. [Obs.]
A*dus"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
adustio, fr. adurere, adustum:
cf. F. adustion.] 1. The act of
burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or
dried. [Obs.]
Harvey.
2. (Surg.) Cauterization.
Buchanan.
\'d8Ad va*lo"rem (#). [L., according to
the value.] (Com.) A term used to denote a
duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon
their value, as stated in their invoice, -- in opposition to a
specific sum upon a given quantity or number; as, an ad
valorem duty of twenty per cent.
Ad*vance" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advanced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advancing
(#)(#).] [OE. avancen,
avauncen, F. avancer, fr. a supposed LL.
abantiare; ab + ante (F. avant)
before. The spelling with d was a mistake,
a- being supposed to be fr. L. ad. See
Avaunt.] 1. To bring forward; to
move towards the van or front; to make to go on.
2. To raise; to elevate.
[Archaic]
They . . . advanced their eyelids.
Shak.
3. To raise to a higher rank; to promote.
Ahasueres . . . advanced him, and set his seat
above all the princes.
Esther iii. 1.
4. To accelerate the growth or progress; to
further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; as, to
advance the ripening of fruit; to advance one's
interests.
5. To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose;
to show; as, to advance an argument.
Some ne'er advance a judgment of their own.
Pope.
6. To make earlier, as an event or date; to
hasten.
7. To furnish, as money or other value, before it
becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand;
as, a merchant advances money on a contract or on
goods consigned to him.
8. To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise
in rate; as, to advance the price of
goods.
9. To extol; to laud. [Obs.]
Greatly advancing his gay chivalry.
Spenser.
Syn. -- To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve;
heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.
Ad*vance", v. i. 1. To move or
go forward; to proceed; as, he advanced to greet
me.
2. To increase or make progress in any respect;
as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in years,
in price.
3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be
preferred or promoted.
Advanced to a level with ancient peers.
Prescott.
Ad*vance", n. [Cf. F. avance,
fr. avancer. See Advance,
v.] 1. The act of advancing or
moving forward or upward; progress.
2. Improvement or progression, physically,
mentally, morally, or socially; as, an advance in
health, knowledge, or religion; an advance in rank or
office.
3. An addition to the price; rise in price or
value; as, an advance on the prime cost of
goods.
4. The first step towards the attainment of a
result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to
adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; --
usually in the plural.
[He] made the like advances to the dissenters.
Swift.
5. A furnishing of something before an equivalent
is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or
on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished;
money or value supplied beforehand.
I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary
advances.
Jay.
The account was made up with intent to show what
advances had been made.
Kent.
In advance (a) In front; before.
(b) Beforehand; before an equivalent is
received. (c) In the state of having advanced
money on account; as, A is advance to B a thousand
dollars or pounds.
Ad*vance" (#), a. Before in
place, or beforehand in time; -- used for advanced;
as, an advance guard, or that before the main guard
or body of an army; advance payment, or that made before
it is due; advance proofs, advance sheets,
pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of
publication.
Ad*vanced" (#), a. 1.
In the van or front.
2. In the front or before others, as regards
progress or ideas; as, advanced opinions,
advanced thinkers.
3. Far on in life or time.
A gentleman advanced in years, with a hard
experience written in his wrinkles.
Hawthorne.
Advanced guard, a detachment of troops which
precedes the march of the main body.
Ad*vance"ment (#), n. [OE.
avancement, F. avancement. See
Advance, v. t.] 1. The
act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression;
improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity;
as, the advancement of learning.
In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other)
rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's
advancement.
Sir T. More.
True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint
advancement of the virtue and happiness of the
people.
Horsley.
2. An advance of money or value; payment in
advance. See Advance, 5.
3. (Law) Property given, usually by a
parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.
4. Settlement on a wife, or jointure.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Ad*van"cer (#), n. 1.
One who advances; a promoter.
2. A second branch of a buck's antler.
Howell.
Ad*van"cive (#), a. Tending to
advance. [R.]
Ad*van"tage (?; 61, 48), n.
[OE. avantage, avauntage, F.
avantage, fr. avant before. See
Advance, and cf. Vantage.] 1.
Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means,
particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end;
benefit; as, the enemy had the advantage of a more
elevated position.
Give me advantage of some brief discourse.
Shak.
The advantages of a close alliance.
Macaulay.
2. Superiority; mastery; -- with of or
over.
Lest Satan should get an advantage of us.
2 Cor. ii. 11.
3. Superiority of state, or that which gives it;
benefit; gain; profit; as, the advantage of a good
constitution.
4. Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the
thirteenth in the baker's dozen). [Obs.]
And with advantage means to pay thy love.
Shak.
Advantage ground, vantage ground.
[R.] Clarendon. -- To have the
advantage of (any one), to have a personal knowledge of
one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge. \'bdYou
have the advantage of me; I don't remember ever to have
had the honor.\'b8 Sheridan. -- To take advantage
of, to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to
overreach, to outwit.
Syn. -- Advantage, Advantageous,
Benefit, Beneficial. We speak of
a thing as a benefit, or as beneficial,
when it is simply productive of good; as, the benefits
of early discipline; the beneficial effects of
adversity. We speak of a thing as an advantage, or as
advantageous, when it affords us the means of getting
forward, and places us on a \'bdvantage ground\'b8 for further
effort. Hence, there is a difference between the
benefits and the advantages of early
education; between a beneficial and an
advantageous investment of money.
Ad*van"tage, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Advantaged (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Advantaging (#).] [F.
avantager, fr. avantage. See
Advance.] To give an advantage to; to
further; to promote; to benefit; to profit.
The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to
comply with the court designs, advantaged his
adversaries against him.
Fuller.
What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole
world, and lose himself, or be cast away?
Luke ix. 25.
To advantage one's self of, to avail one's
self of. [Obs.]
Ad*van"tage*a*ble (#), a.
Advantageous. [Obs.]
Ad`van*ta"geous (#), a. [F.
avantageux, fr. avantage.] Being
of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful;
beneficial; as, an advantageous position; trade is
advantageous to a nation.
Advabtageous comparison with any other country.
Prescott.
You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift
and advantageous a harbinger it is, wherever one
goes.
Chesterfield.
Ad`van*ta"geous*ly, adv. Profitably;
with advantage.
Ad`van*ta"geous*ness, n.
Profitableness.
Ad*vene" (#), v. i. [L.
advenire; ad + venire to come: cf. F.
avenir, advenir. See Come.]
To accede, or come (to); to be added to something
or become a part of it, though not essential.
[R.]
Where no act of the will advenes as a
coefficient.
Coleridge.
Ad*ven"ient (#), a. [L.
adviens, p. pr.] Coming from outward
causes; superadded. [Obs.]
Ad`vent (#), n. [L.
adventus, fr. advenire,
adventum: cf. F. avent. See
Advene.] 1. (Eccl.) The
period including the four Sundays before Christmas.
Advent Sunday (Eccl.), the first
Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday
to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30).
Shipley.
2. The first or the expected second coming of
Christ.
3. Coming; any important arrival; approach.
Death's dreadful advent.
Young.
Expecting still his advent home.
Tennyson.
Ad"vent*ist (#), n. One of a
religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the
proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also
Second Adventists.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Ad`ven*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
adventitius.] 1. Added
extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal;
additional; supervenient; foreign.
To things of great dimensions, if we annex an
adventitious idea of terror, they become without
comparison greater.
Burke.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Out of the proper or
usual place; as, adventitious buds or
roots.
3. (Bot.) Accidentally or sparingly
spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized;
adventive; -- applied to foreign plants.
4. (Med.) Acquired, as diseases;
accidental.
-- Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly, adv. --
Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness, n.
Ad*ven"tive (#), a. 1.
Accidental.
2. (Bot.) Adventitious.
Gray.
Ad*ven"tive, n. A thing or person coming
from without; an immigrant. [R.]
Bacon.
Ad*ven"tu*al (?; 135), a.
Relating to the season of advent.
Sanderson.
Ad*ven"ture (?; 135), n. [OE.
aventure, aunter, anter, F.
aventure, fr. LL. adventura, fr. L.
advenire, adventum, to arrive, which in the
Romance languages took the sense of \'bdto happen, befall.\'b8
See Advene.]
1. That which happens without design; chance;
hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss.
Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at
all adventures, be fastened upon him individually.
Milton.
2. Risk; danger; peril. [Obs.]
He was in great adventure of his life.
Berners.
3. The encountering of risks; hazardous and
striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to
be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a
daring feat.
He loved excitement and adventure.
Macaulay.
4. A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a
stirring incident; as, the adventures of one's
life.
Bacon.
5. A mercantile or speculative enterprise of
hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own
account.
A bill of adventure (Com.), a
writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's
risk.
Syn. -- Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.
Ad*ven"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Adventured (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Adventuring (#).]
[OE. aventuren, auntren, F.
aventurer, fr. aventure. See
Adventure, n.] 1. To
risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture.
He would not adventure himself into the
theater.
Acts xix. 31.
2. To venture upon; to run the risk of; to
dare.
Yet they adventured to go back.
Bunyan,
Discriminations might be adventured.
J. Taylor.
Ad*ven"ture, v. i. To try the chance; to
take the risk.
I would adventure for such merchandise.
Shak.
Ad*ven"ture*ful (#), a. Given
to adventure.
Ad*ven"tur*er (#), n. [Cf. F.
aventurier.]
1. One who adventures; as, the merchant
adventurers; one who seeks his fortune in new and
hazardous or perilous enterprises.
2. A social pretender on the lookout for
advancement.
Ad*ven"ture*some (#), a. Full
of risk; adventurous; venturesome. --
Ad*ven"ture*some*ness,
n.
Ad*ven"tur*ess (#), n. A female
adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal
means.
Ad*ven"tur*ous (#), a. [OE.
aventurous, aunterous, OF.
aventuros, F. aventureux, fr.
aventure. See Adventure, n.]
1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard;
prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; --
applied to persons.
Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve.
Milton.
2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to
danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; as, an
adventurous undertaking, deed, song.
Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring;
hazardous; venturesome. See Rash.
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly, adv. In an
adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness, n. The quality or
state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.
Ad"verb (#), n. [L.
adverbium; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F.
adverbe.] (Gram.) A word used to
modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other
adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes
well; paper extremely white.
Ad*ver"bi*al (#), a. [L.
adverbialis: cf. F. adverbial.]
Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb;
as, an adverbial phrase or form.
Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being adverbial.
Earle.
Ad*ver"bi*al*ize (#), v. t. To
give the force or form of an adverb to.
Ad*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In the manner of
an adverb.
\'d8Ad`ver*sa"ri*a (#), n. pl.
[L. adversaria (sc. scripta), neut.
pl. of adversarius.] A miscellaneous
collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book;
also, commentaries or notes.
These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's
adversaria.
Bp. Bull.
Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous (#), a.
Hostile. [R.]
Southey.
Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl.
Adversaries (#). [OE.
adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and
adversaire, fr. OF. adversier,
aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned
toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One
who is turned against another or others with a design to
oppose<-- p. 26 --> or resist them; a member of an opposing or
hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.
His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries.
Shak.
Agree with thine adversary quickly.
Matt. v. 25.
It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is
to dispute without an adversary.
Beattie.
The Adversary, The Satan, or the
Devil.
Syn. -- Adversary, Enemy,
Opponent, Antagonist.
Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily
implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be
adversaries, antagonists, or
opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet
have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary
may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position,
as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An
opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps
passively) on the opposing side; as a political
opponent, an opponent in debate. An
antagonist is one who struggles against another with
active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal
debate.
Ad"ver*sa*ry (#), a. 1.
Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic.
[Archaic]
Bp. King.
2. (Law) Having an opposing party; not
unopposed; as, an adversary suit.
Ad*ver"sa*tive (#), a. [L.
adversativus, fr. adversari.]
Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as,
an adversative conjunction (but,
however, yet, etc. ); an
adversative force. --
Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly,
adv.
Ad*ver"sa*tive, n. An adversative
word.
Harris.
Ad"verse (#), a. [OE.
advers, OF. avers, advers, fr.
L. adversus, p. p. advertere to turn to.
See Advert.]
1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction;
opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; as,
adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit
adverse to distinctions of caste.
2. Opposite. \'bdCalpe's adverse
height.\'b8
Byron.
3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable;
unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous;
afflictive; hurtful; as, adverse fates,
adverse circumstances, things
adverse.
Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and
wisely as we endure an adverse fortune.
Southey.
Adverse possession (Law), a
possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of
title in another person.
Abbott.
Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See
Averse.
Ad*verse" (#), v. t. [L.
adversari: cf. OF. averser.] To
oppose; to resist. [Obs.]
Gower.
Ad"verse*ly (277), adv. In an
adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.
Ad"verse*ness, n. The quality or state
of being adverse; opposition.
{ Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ate (#),
Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ous (#) } a.
[L. adver + folium leaf.] (Bot.)
Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so
arranged on the stem.
Ad*ver"sion (#), n.[L.
adversio] A turning towards;
attention. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Ad*ver"si*ty (#), n.; pl.
Adversities(#). [OE.
adversite, F. adversit\'82, fr. L.
adversitas.] 1. Opposition;
contrariety. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Adversity is not without comforts and hopes.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble;
suffering; trial.
Ad*vert" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Adverted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Adverting.] [L.
advertere, v. t., to turn to; ad + vertere
to turn: cf. F. avertir. See
Advertise.] To turn the mind or attention; to
refer; to take heed or notice; -- with to; as, he
adverted to what was said.
I may again advert to the distinction.
Owen.
Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See Refer.
{ Ad*vert"ence (#), Ad*vert"en*cy
(#), }[OF. advertence,
avertence, LL. advertentia, fr. L.
advertens. See Advertent.] The act
of adverting, of the quality of being advertent; attention;
notice; regard; heedfulness.
To this difference it is right that advertence
should be had in regulating taxation.
J. S. Mill.
Ad*vert"ent (#), a. [L.
advertens, -entis, p. pr. of
advertere. See Advert.] Attentive;
heedful; regardful. Sir M. Hale. --
Ad*vert"ent*ly, adv.
Ad`ver*tise" (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advertised
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advertising
(#).] [F. avertir, formerly
also spelt advertir, to warn, give notice to, L.
advertere to turn to. The ending was probably
influenced by the noun advertisement. See
Advert.] To give notice to; to inform or
apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; -- often
followed by of before the subject of information;
as, to advertise a man of his loss.
[Archaic]
I will advertise thee what this people shall
do.
Num. xxiv. 14.
4. To give public notice of; to announce publicly,
esp. by a printed notice; as, to advertise goods for
sale, a lost article, the sailing day of a vessel, a political
meeting.
Syn. -- To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce;
proclaim; promulgate; publish.
Ad*ver"tise*ment (?; 277), n.
[F.avertisement, formerly also spelled
advertissement, a warning, giving notice, fr.
avertir.] 1. The act of informing
or notifying; notification. [Archaic]
An advertisement of danger.
Bp. Burnet.
2. Admonition; advice; warning.
[Obs.]
Therefore give me no counsel:
My griefs cry louder than advertisement.
Shak.
3. A public notice, especially a paid notice in
some public print; anything that advertises; as, a newspaper
containing many advertisement.
Ad`ver*tis"er (#), n. One who,
or that which, advertises.
Ad*vice" (#), n. [OE.
avis, F. avis; + OF.
vis, fr. L. visum seemed, seen; really p.
p. of videre to see, so that vis meant that
which has seemed best. See Vision, and cf.
Avise, Advise.] 1. An
opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed;
counsel.
We may give advice, but we can not give
conduct.
Franklin.
2. Deliberate consideration; knowledge.
[Obs.]
How shall I dote on her with more advice,
That thus without advice begin to love her?
Shak.
3. Information or notice given; intelligence;
as, late advices from France; -- commonly in
the plural.
advice usually
means information communicated by letter; -- used chiefly in
reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of
advice.
McElrath.
4. (Crim. Law) Counseling to perform a
specific illegal act.
Wharton.
Advice boat, a vessel employed to carry
dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat. -- To
take advice. (a) To accept advice.
(b) To consult with another or others.
Syn. -- Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition;
exhortation; information; notice.
Ad*vis`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being advisable; advisableness.
Ad*vis"a*ble (#), a. 1.
Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient;
prudent.
Some judge it advisable for a man to account with
his heart every day.
South.
2. Ready to receive advice. [R.]
South.
Syn. -- Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.
Ad*vis"a*ble-ness, n. The quality of
being advisable or expedient; expediency; advisability.
Ad*vis"a*bly, adv. With advice;
wisely.
Ad*vise" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advised
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advising
(#).] [OE. avisen to
perceive, consider, inform, F. aviser, fr. LL.
advisare. advisare; ad + visare,
fr. L. videre, visum, to see. See
Advice, and cf. Avise.] 1.
To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or
expedient to be followed; to counsel; to warn. \'bdI shall
no more advise thee.\'b8
Milton.
2. To give information or notice to; to inform; --
with of before the thing communicated; as, we were
advised of the risk.
To advise one's self, to bethink one's self;
to take counsel with one's self; to reflect; to consider.
[Obs.]
Bid thy master well advise himself.
Shak.
Syn. -- To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint.
Ad*vise", v. t. 1. To consider;
to deliberate. [Obs.]
Advise if this be worth attempting.
Milton.
2. To take counsel; to consult; -- followed by
with; as, to advise with
friends.
Ad*vis"ed*ly (#), adv. 1.
Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. With deliberate purpose; purposely; by
design. \'bdAdvisedly undertaken.\'b8
Suckling.
Ad*vis"ed*ness n. Deliberate
consideration; prudent procedure; caution.
Ad*vise"ment (#), n. [OE.
avisement, F. avisement, fr.
aviser. See Advise, and cf.
Avisement.]
1. Counsel; advise; information.
[Archaic]
And mused awhile, waking advisement takes of what
had passed in sleep.
Daniel.
2. Consideration; deliberation; consultation.
Tempering the passion with advisement slow.
Spenser.
Ad*vis"er (#), n. One who
advises.
Ad*vis"er*ship, n. The office of an
adviser. [R.]
Ad*vi"so (#), n. [Cf. Sp.
aviso. See Advice.] Advice;
counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*vi"so*ry (#), a. Having
power to advise; containing advice; as, an advisory
council; their opinion is merely advisory.
The General Association has a general advisory
superintendence over all the ministers and churches.
Trumbull.
Ad"vo*ca*cy (#), n. [OF.
advocatie, LL. advocatia. See
Advocate.] The act of pleading for or
supporting; work of advocating; intercession.
Ad"vo*cate (#), n. [OE.
avocat, avocet, OF. avocat, fr.
L. advocatus, one summoned or called to another;
properly the p. p. of advocare to call to, call to
one's aid; ad + vocare to call. See Advowee,
Avowee, Vocal.] 1. One who
pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the
cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a
counselor.
advocate
is the same as \'bdcounsel,\'b8 \'bdcounselor,\'b8 or
\'bdbarrister.\'b8 In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the
term signifies the same as \'bdcounsel\'b8 at the common
law.
2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any
cause by argument; a pleader; as, an advocate of
free trade, an advocate of truth.
3. Christ, considered as an intercessor.
We have an Advocate with the Father.
1 John ii. 1.
Faculty of advocates (Scot.), the
Scottish bar in Edinburgh. -- Lord advocate
(Scot.), the public prosecutor of crimes, and
principal crown lawyer. -- Judge advocate.
See under Judge.
Ad"vo*cate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advocated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advocating
(#).] [See Advocate,
n., Advoke, Avow.] To
plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or
the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.
To advocate the cause of thy client.
Bp. Sanderson (1624).
This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been
advocated.
Burke.
Eminent orators were engaged to advocate his
cause.
Mitford.
Ad"vo*cate, v. i. To act as
advocate. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Ad"vo*cate*ship, n. Office or duty of an
advocate.
Ad`vo*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
advocatio: cf. OF. avocation. See
Advowson.] 1. The act of advocating
or pleading; plea; advocacy. [Archaic]
The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual
advocation for us.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Advowson. [Obs.]
The donations or advocations of church livings.
Sanderson.
3. (Scots Law) The process of removing a
cause from an inferior court to the supreme court.
Bell.
Ad"vo*ca*to*ry (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an advocate. [R.]
Ad*voke" (#), v. t. [L.
advocare. See Advocate.] To
summon; to call. [Obs.]
Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to
advoke the cause to Rome.
Fuller.
Ad`vo*lu"tion (#), n. [L.
advolvere, advolutum, to roll to.]
A rolling toward something. [R.]
Ad*vou"trer (#), n. [OF.
avoutre, avoltre, fr. L.
adulter. Cf. Adulterer.] An
adulterer. [Obs.]
Ad*vou"tress (#), n. An
adulteress. [Obs.]
Bacon.
{ Ad*vou"try, Ad*vow"try }
(#), n. [OE. avoutrie,
avouterie, advoutrie, OF.
avoutrie, avulterie, fr. L.
adulterium. Cf. Adultery.]
Adultery. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ad*vow*ee" (#), n. [OE.
avowe, F. avou\'82, fr. L.
advocatus. See Advocate, Avowee,
Avoyer.] One who has an advowson.
Cowell.
Ad*vow"son (?; 277), n. [OE.
avoweisoun, OF. avo\'89son, fr. L.
advocatio. Cf. Advocation.] (Eng.
Law) The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or
living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron
(advocatus) or protector of a benefice, and thus
privileged to nominate or present to it.]
advowson of more than half of them belongs to
private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops,
deans and chapters, universities, and colleges.
Amer. Cyc.
Ad*voy"er (#), n. See
Avoyer. [Obs.]
Ad*ward" (#), n. Award.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
\'d8Ad`y*na"mi*a (#), n. [NL.
adynamia, fr. Gr. (Med.) Considerable
debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever.
Dunglison.
Ad`y*nam"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
adynamique. See Adynamy.] 1.
(Med.) Pertaining to, or characterized by,
debility of the vital powers; weak.
2. (Physics) Characterized by the
absence of power or force.
Adynamic fevers, malignant or putrid fevers
attended with great muscular debility.
A*dyn"a*my (#), n.
Adynamia. [R.]
Morin.
\'d8Ad"y*tum (#), n.
Adyta (#). [L., fr. Gr. The
innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles
were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.
{ Adz, Adze } (#),
n. [OE. adese, adis,
adse, AS. adesa, adese, ax,
hatchet.] A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with
a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is
used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.
Adz, v. t. To cut with an adz.
[R.]
Carlyle.
\'92 or Ae. A diphthong in the
Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the
Gr. \'91 was generally
replaced by a, the long e or
ee. In derivatives from Latin words with
ae, it is mostly superseded by e. For most
words found with this initial combination, the reader will
therefore search under the letter E.
\'d8\'92*cid"i*um (#), n.; pl.
\'92cidia (#). [NL., dim. of Gr.
(Bot.) A form of fruit in the
cycle of development of the Rusts or Brands, an order of fungi,
formerly considered independent plants.
\'92"dile (#), n. [L.
aedilis, fr. aedes temple, public building.
Cf. Edify.] A magistrate in ancient Rome, who
had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows,
etc.; hence, a municipal officer.
\'92"dile*ship, n. The office of an
\'91dile.
T. Arnold.
\'92*ge"an (#), a. [L.
Aegeus; Gr. Of or pertaining to the
sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See
Archipelago.
\'d8\'92`gi*cra"ni*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Arch.) Sculptured ornaments, used in classical
architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls.
\'92g"i*lops (#), n. [L.
aegilopis, Gr. 1. (Med.) An ulcer or
fistula in the inner corner of the eye.
2. (Bot.) (a) The great
wild-oat grass or other cornfield weed. Crabb.
(b) A genus of plants, called also
hardgrass.
\'d8\'92"gis (#), n. [L.
aegis, fr. Gr. A shield or protective armor; --
applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to
Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection.
\'92*goph"o*ny (#), n. Same as
Egophony.
\'d8\'92*gro"tat (#), n. [L.,
he is sick.] (Camb. Univ.) A medical
certificate that a student is ill.
\'92*ne"id (#), n. [L.
Aeneis, Aeneidis, or -dos: cf.
F. .] The great epic poem of
Virgil, of which the hero is \'92neas.
A*\'89"ne*ous (#), a. [L.
a\'89neus.] (Zo\'94l.) Colored
like bronze.
\'92*o"li*an (#), a. [L.
Aeolius, Gr. 1. Of or
pertaining to \'92olia or \'92olis, in Asia Minor, colonized by
the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; \'91olic; as, the
\'92olian dialect.
2. Pertaining to \'92olus, the mythic god of the
winds; pertaining to, or produced by, the wind; a\'89rial.
Viewless forms the \'91olian organ play.
Campbell.
\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often
attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations,
increases the <-- p. 27 --> volume of sound, etc., by forcing a
stream of air upon the strings. Moore. --
>mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical
instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched
strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually
placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian
mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early
ecclesiastical modes.
\'92*ol"ic (#), a. [L.
Aeolicus; Gr. \'92olian, 1; as,
the \'92olic dialect; the \'92olic
mode.
{ \'92*ol"i*pile, \'92*ol"i*pyle }
(#), n. [L. aeolipilae;
Aeolus god of the winds + pila a ball, or
Gr. i. e., doorway of \'92olus);
cf. F. \'82olipyle.] An apparatus
consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder)
with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is
made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve.
[Written also eolipile.]
b. c. It has often been
called the first steam engine.
\'92`o*lo*trop"ic (#), a. [Gr.
(Physics) Exhibiting differences of quality or
property in different directions; not isotropic.
Sir W. Thomson.
\'92`o*lot"ro*py (#), n.
(Physics) Difference of quality or property in
different directions.
\'d8\'92"o*lus (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Myth.) The god of the
winds.
\'92"on (#), n. A period of
immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the Deity. See
Eon.
\'92*o"ni*an (#), a. [Gr.
Eternal; everlasting.
\'bd\'92onian hills.\'b8
Tennyson.
\'d8\'92`py*or"nis (#), n. [Gr.
A gigantic bird found fossil in
Madagascar.
A"\'89r*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. A
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. A
(#).] [Cf. F. a\'82rer. See
Air,v. t.] 1. To combine
or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly
called fixed air.
His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from a\'89rated
natural fountains.
Carlyle.
2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as,
to a\'89rate soil; to a\'89rate
water.
3. (Physiol.) To expose to the chemical
action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to
arterialize.
A\'89rated bread, bread raised by charging
dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in
the dough by fermentation.
A`\'89r*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
a\'82ration.] 1. Exposure to the
free action of the air; airing; as, a\'89ration of
soil, of spawn, etc.
2. (Physiol.) A change produced in the
blood by exposure to the air in respiration; oxygenation of the
blood in respiration; arterialization.
3. The act or preparation of charging with carbonic
acid gas or with oxygen.
A"\'89r*a`tor (#), n. That
which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for charging
mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.
A*\'89"ri*al (#), a. [L.
a\'89rius. See Air.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or
frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed
in the air; as, a\'89rial regions or
currents. \'bdA\'89rial spirits.\'b8
Milton. \'bdA\'89rial voyages.\'b8
Darwin.
2. Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of
the nature of air. Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal.
3. Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; as,
a\'89rial spires.
4. Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as
opposed to growing or existing in earth or water, or underground;
as, a\'89rial rootlets, a\'89rial
plants.
Gray.
5. Light as air; ethereal.
A\'89rial acid, carbonic acid.
[Obs.] Ure. -- A\'89rial
perspective. See Perspective.
A*\'89`ri*al"i*ty (#), n. The
state of being a\'89rial;
[R.]
De Quincey.
A*\'89"ri*al*ly (#), adv. Like,
or from, the air; in an a\'89rial manner. \'bdA murmur
heard a\'89rially.\'b8
Tennyson.
Ae"rie (?; 277), n. [OE.
aire, eire, air, nest, also
origin, descent, OF. aire, LL. area,
aera, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L.
area an open space (for birds of prey like to build
their nests on flat and open spaces on the top of high rocks).
Cf. Area.] The nest of a bird of prey, as of
an eagle or hawk; also a brood of such birds; eyrie.
Shak. Also fig.: A human residence or resting place
perched like an eagle's nest.
A`\'89r*if"er*ous (#), a. [L.
a\'89r air + -ferous: cf. F.
a\'82rif\'8are.] Conveying or containing
air; air-bearing; as, the windpipe is an
a\'89riferous tube.
A`\'89r*i*fi*ca"tion (#), n.
[Cf. F. a\'82rification. See
A.] 1. The act of combining
air with another substance, or the state of being filled with
air.
2. The act of becoming a\'89rified, or of changing
from a solid or liquid form into an a\'89riform state; the state
of being a\'89riform.
A"\'89r*i*form (?; 277), a. [L.
a\'89r air + -form: cf. F.
a\'82riforme.] Having the form or nature of
air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.
A"\'89r*i*fy (#), v. t. [L.
a\'89r air + -fly.] 1.
To infuse air into; to combine air with.
2. To change into an a\'89riform state.
A"\'89r*o-. [Gr. The
combining form of the Greek word meaning air.
A"\'89r*o*bies (#), n. pl.
[A\'89ro- + Gr.
(Biol.) Micro\'94rganisms which live in contact
with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the
microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive
fluids.
A`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic (?; 101), a.
(Biol.) Related to, or of the nature of,
a\'89robies; as, a\'89robiotic plants, which live
only when supplied with free oxygen.
A"\'89r*cyst (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + cyst.]
(Bot.) One of the air cells of algals.
A"\'89r*o*dy*nam"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to the force of air in motion.
A`\'89r*o*dy*nam"ics (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + dynamics: cf. F.
a\'82rodynamique.] The science which treats
of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force,
and of their mechanical effects.
A`\'89r*og"no*sy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. a\'82rognosie.] The science which treats of
the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in
nature.
Craig.
A`\'89r*og"ra*pher (#), n. One
versed in a\'89ography: an a\'89rologist.
{ A`\'89r*o*graph"ic (#),
A`\'89r*o*graph"ic*al (#), }
a. Pertaining to a\'89rography;
a\'89rological.
A`\'89r*og"ra*phy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -graphy: cf. F.
a\'82rographie.] A description of the air
or atmosphere; a\'89rology.
A`\'89r*o*hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (#), a.
[A\'89ro- + hydrodynamic.]
Acting by the force of air and water; as, an
a\'89rohydrodynamic wheel.
A"\'89r*o*lite (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -lite: cf. F.
a\'82rolithe.] (Meteor.) A
stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from
distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone.
stony
meteorites.
A"\'89r*o*lith (#), n. Same as
A.
A`\'89r*o*li*thol"o*gy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + lithology.] The
science of a\'89rolites.
A`\'89r*o*lit"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a\'89rolites; meteoric; as,
a\'89rolitic iron.
Booth.
{ A`\'89r*o*log"ic (#),
A`\'89r*o*log"ic*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to a\'89rology.
A`\'89r*ol"o*gist (#), n. One
versed in a\'89rology.
A`\'89r*ol"o*gy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -logy: cf. F.
a\'82rologie.] That department of physics
which treats of the atmosphere.
A"\'89r*o*man`cy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -mancy: cf. F.
a\'82romancie.] Divination from the state
of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting
changes in the weather.
A`\'89r*om"e*ter (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -meter: cf. F.
\'82rom\'8atre.] An instrument for
ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases.
A`\'89r*o*met"ric (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a\'89rometry; as, a\'89rometric
investigations.
A`\'89r*om"e*try (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -metry: cf. F.
\'82rom\'82trie.] The science of measuring
the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity,
rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.
A"\'89r*o*naut (?; 277), n. [F.
a\'82ronaute, fr. Gr. Nautical.] An a\'89rial navigator; a
balloonist.
{ A`\'89r*o*naut"ic (#),
A`\'89r*o*naut"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. a\'82ronauitique.] Pertaining
to a\'89ronautics, or a\'89rial sailing.
A`\'89r*o*naut"ics (#), n. The
science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means
of a balloon; a\'89rial navigation; ballooning.
{ \'d8A`\'89r*o*pho"bi*a (#),
A`\'89r*oph"o*by (#), } n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. a\'82rophobie.] (Med.) Dread of
a current of air.
A"\'89r*o*phyte (, n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. a\'82rophyte.] (Bot.) A plant
growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from
it; an air plant or epiphyte.
A"\'89r*o*plane` (, n.
[A\'89ro- + plane.] A
flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which
floats in the air only when propelled through it.
A"\'89r*o*scope (, n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr.
(Biol.) An apparatus designed for collecting
spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air.
A`\'89r*os"co*py (, n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. The observation of the state and variations of
the atmosphere.
\'92*rose" (, a. [L.
aerosus, fr. aes, aeris, brass,
copper.] Of the nature of, or like, copper;
brassy. [R.]
A`\'89r*o*sid"er*ite (, n.
[A\'89ro- + siderite.]
(Meteor.) A mass of meteoric iron.
A"\'89r*o*sphere (, n.
[A\'89ro- + sphere: cf. F.
a\'82rosph\'8are.] The atmosphere.
[R.]
A"\'89r*o*stat (, n. [F.
a\'82rostat, fr. Gr. Statics.] 1. A balloon.
2. A balloonist; an a\'89ronaut.
{A`\'89r*o*stat"ic (,
A`\'89r*o*stat"ic*al (,}
a. [A\'89ro- + Gr. a\'82rostatique. See Statical,
Statics.] 1. Of or pertaining to
a\'89rostatics; pneumatic.
2. A\'89ronautic; as, an a\'89rostatic
voyage.
A`\'89r*o*stat"ics (, n.
The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic
fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes
a\'89ronautics.
A`\'89r*os*ta"tion (, n.
[Cf. F. a\'82rostation the art of using
a\'89rostats.] 1. A\'89rial
navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the
air.
2. The science of weighing air;
a\'89rostatics. [Obs.]
\'92*ru"gi*nous (, a. [L.
aeruginosus, fr. aerugo rust of copper, fr.
aes copper: cf. F. \'82rugineux.]
Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of
copper.
\'d8\'92*ru"go (, n. [L.
aes brass, copper.] The rust of any metal,
esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.
Ae"ry (, n. An aerie.
A"\'89r*y (, a. [See
Air.] A\'89rial; ethereal; incorporeal;
visionary. [Poetic]
M. Arnold.
\'92s`cu*la"pi*an (, a.
Pertaining to \'92sculapius or to the healing art; medical;
medicinal.
\'92s`cu*la"pi*us (, n. [L.
Aesculapius, Gr. (Myth.)
The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.
\'92s"cu*lin (, n. Same as
Esculin.
\'92*so"pi*an, E*so"pi*an (,
a. [L. Aesopius, from Gr. (.] Of or
pertaining to \'92sop, or in his manner.
\'92*sop"ic, E*sop"ic
(, a. [L.
Aesopicus, Gr. Same as
\'92sopian.
\'d8\'92s*the"si*a (, n.
[Gr.
(Physiol.) Perception by the senses; feeling; --
the opposite of an\'91sthesia.
\'92s*the`si*om"e*ter, Es*the`si*om"e*ter
(, n. [Gr. \'92sthesia) + \'cfmeter.] An
instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at
how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be
distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of
tactile sensibility is normal or altered.
\'d8\'92s*the""sis (, n.
[Gr. Sensuous perception.
[R.]
Ruskin.
\'92s`the*sod"ic (, a. [Gr.
esth\'82sodique.] (Physiol.)
Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; \'d0 said of
nerves.
\'92s"thete (, n. [Gr. One who makes much or overmuch of
\'91sthetics. [Recent]
{\'92s*thet"ic (,
\'92s*thet"ic*al (,} a.
Of or Pertaining to \'91sthetics; versed in \'91sthetics;
as, \'91sthetic studies, emotions, ideas, persons,
etc.
-- \'92s*thet"ic*al*ly,
adv.
\'92s`the*ti"can (#), n. One
versed in \'91sthetics.
\'92s*thet"i*cism (#), n. The
doctrine of \'91sthetics; \'91sthetic principles; devotion to the
beautiful in nature and art.
Lowell.
\'92s*thet"ics, Es*thet"ics (, n. [Gr. \'84sthetik, F. esth\'82tique.]
The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the
beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the
expression and embodiment of beauty by art.
\'92s`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy(#), n.
[Gr. physiology.]
The science of sensation in relation to nervous
action.
H. Spenser.
\'92s"ti*val (#), a. [L.
aestivalis, aestivus, fr. aestas
summer.] Of or belonging to the summer; as,
\'91stival diseases. [Spelt also
estival.]
\'92s"ti*vate (#), v. i. [L.
aestivare, aestivatum.] 1.
To spend the summer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) To pass the summer in a
state of torpor.
[Spelt also estivate.]
\'92s`ti*va"tion (#), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The state of torpidity induced by the
heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; -- opposed to
hibernation.
2. (Bot.) The arrangement of the petals
in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.;
prefloration.
Gray.
[Spelt also estivation.]
\'92s"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. & a.
See Estuary.
\'92s"tu*ous (#), a. [L.
aestuosus, fr. aestus fire, glow.]
Glowing; agitated, as with heat.
A*\'89`the*og"a*mous (#), a.
[Gr. (Bot.) Propagated in an unusual
way; cryptogamous.
\'92"ther (#), n. See
Ether.
\'92"thi*ops min"er*al (#). (Chem.)
Same as Ethiops mineral. [Obs.]
\'92th"o*gen (#), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.) A
compound of nitrogen and boro
\'92"thri*o*scope (#), n. [Gr.
An instrument consisting
in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring
changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the
sky, as when clear or clouded.
\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to \'91tiology; assigning a cause. --
\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
\'92`ti*ol"o*gy (#), n. [L.
aetologia, Gr. \'82tiologie.] 1. The science,
doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of
the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and
development of things.
2. The assignment of a cause.
\'d8A`\'89*ti"tes (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. See
Eaglestone.
A*far" (#), adv. [Pref.
a-.(for on or of) +
far.] At, to, or from a great distance; far
away; -- often used with from preceding, or
off following; as, he was seen from afar;
I saw him afar off.
The steep where Fame's proud temple shines
afar.
Beattie.
A*feard" (#), p. a. [OE.
afered, AS. \'bef, p. p. of
\'bef to frighten; \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + fran to frighten. See
Fear.] Afraid. [Obs.]
Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises.
Shak.
\'d8A"fer (#), n. [L.]
The southwest wind.
Milton.
Af`fa*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
affabilitas: cf. F. affabilit\'82.]
The quality of being affable; readiness to converse;
courteousness in receiving others and in conversation;
complaisant behavior.
Affability is of a wonderful efficacy or power in
procuring love.
Elyot
Af"fa*ble (#), a. [F.
affable, L. affabilis, fr.
affari to speak to; ad + fari to speak. See
Fable.] 1. Easy to be spoken to or
addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a
free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable.
An affable and courteous gentleman.
Shak.
His manners polite and affable.
Macaulay.
2. Gracious; mild; benign.
A serene and affable countenance.
Tatler.
Syn. -- Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild;
benign; condescending.
Af"fa*ble*ness, n. Affability.
Af"fa*bly, adv. In an affable manner;
courteously.
<-- p. 28 -->
Af"fa*brous (#), a. [L.
affaber workmanlike; ad + faber.]
Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made.
[R.]
Bailey.
Af*fair" (#), n. [OE.
afere, affere, OF. afaire, F.
affaire, fr. a faire to do; L.. ad +
facere to do. See Fact, and cf.
Ado.] 1. That which is done or is to
be done; matter; concern; as, a difficult affair to
manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or
public; -- often in the plural. \'bdAt the head of
affairs.\'b8 Junius. \'bdA talent
for affairs.\'b8 Prescott.
2. Any proceeding or action which it is wished to
refer to or characterize vaguely; as, an affair of
honor, i. e., a duel; an affair of love,
i. e., an intrigue.
3. (Mil.) An action or engagement not of
sufficient magnitude to be called a battle.
4. Action; endeavor. [Obs.]
And with his best affair
Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun.
Chapman.
5. A material object (vaguely designated).
A certain affair of fine red cloth much worn and
faded.
Hawthorne.
Af*fam"ish (#), v. t. & i. [F.
affamer, fr. L. ad + fames hunger. See
Famish.] To afflict with, or perish from,
hunger. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fam"ish*ment (#), n.
Starvation.
Bp. Hall.
Af*fat"u*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ad + fatuus foolish.] To infatuate.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Af*fear" (#), v. t. [OE.
aferen, AS. \'bef. See
Afeard.] To frighten.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fect" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affecting.] [L.
affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by
active agency; ad + facere to make: cf. F.
affectere, L. affectare, freq. of
afficere. See Fact.] 1.
To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.
As might affect the earth with cold heat.
Milton.
The climate affected their health and spirits.
Macaulay.
2. To influence or move, as the feelings or
passions; to touch.
A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me
very necessary for all who would affect them upon
solid and pure principles.
3. To love; to regard with affection.
[Obs.]
As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than
affected, rather honored than loved, her.
Fuller.
4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or
practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually.
For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit
for
Shak.
Do not affect the society of your inferiors in
rank, nor court that of the great.
Hazlitt.
5. To dispose or incline.
Men whom they thought best affected to religion and
their country's liberty.
Milton.
6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet.
[Obs.]
This proud man affects imperial
Dryden.
7. To tend to by affinity or disposition.
The drops of every fluid affect a round figure.
Newton.
8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to
feign; to assume; as, to affect
ignorance.
Careless she is with artful care,
Affecting to seem unaffected.
Congreve.
Thou dost affect my manners.
Shak.
9. To assign; to appoint. [R.]
One of the domestics was affected to his special
service.
Thackeray.
Syn. -- To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt;
soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.
Af*fect", n. [L.
affectus.] Affection; inclination; passion;
feeling; disposition. [Obs.]
Shak.
Af`fec*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
affectatio: cf. F. affectation.]
1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not
natural or real; false display; artificial show. \'bdAn
affectation of contempt.\'b8
Macaulay.
Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of
what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that
accompanies what is natural what is natural.
Locke.
2. A striving after. [Obs.]
Bp. Pearson.
3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.]
Hooker.
Af`fec*ta"tion*ist, n. One who exhibits
affectation. [R.]
Fitzed. Hall.
Af*fect"ed (#), p. p. & a.
1. Regarded with affection; beloved.
[Obs.]
His affected Hercules.
Chapman.
2. Inclined; disposed; attached.
How stand you affected his wish?
Shak.
3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to
posses what is not natural or real.
He is . . . too spruce, too affected, too odd.
Shak.
4. Assumed artificially; not natural.
Affected coldness and indifference.
Addison.
5. (Alg.) Made up of terms involving
different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; as, an
affected equation.
Af*fect"ed*ly, adv. 1. In an
affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than
reality.
2. Lovingly; with tender care.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Af*fect"ed*ness, n. Affectation.
Af*fect"er (#), n. One who
affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after.
\'bdAffecters of wit.\'b8
Abp. Secker.
Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality or state of being affectible. [R.]
Af*fect"i*bl (#), a. That
may be affected. [R.]
Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely,
become affectible.
Coleridge.
Af*fect"ing, a. 1. Moving the
emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching;
as, an affecting address; an affecting
sight.
The most affecting music is generally the most
simple.
2. Affected; given to false show.
[Obs.]
A drawling; affecting rouge.
Shak.
Af*fect"ing*ly (#), adv. In an
affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.
Af*fec"tion (#), n. [F.
affection, L. affectio, fr.
afficere. See Affect.] 1.
The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being
affected.
2. An attribute; a quality or property; a
condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc. ,
are affections of bodies. \'bdThe
affections of quantity.\'b8
Boyle.
And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less,
An old and strange affection of the house.
Tennyson.
3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or
natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion;
as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude,
etc. ; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy,
etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency.
Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as
a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or
quality.
Cogan.
4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous
or tender attachment; -- often in the pl. Formerly
followed by to, but now more generally by
for or towards; as, filial, social, or
conjugal affections; to have an affection for
or towards children.
All his affections are set on his own country.
Macaulay.
5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.]
Bp. Aylmer.
6. (Med.) Disease; morbid symptom;
malady; as, a pulmonary affection.
Dunglison.
7. The lively representation of any emotion.
Wotton.
8. Affectation. [Obs.]
\'bdSpruce affection.\'b8
Shak.
9. Passion; violent emotion.
[Obs.]
Most wretched man,
That to affections does the bridle lend.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness;
love; good will. See Attachment; Disease.
Af*fec"tion*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the affections; as, affectional
impulses; an affectional nature.
Af*fec"tion*ate (#), a. [Cf. F.
affectionn\'82.] 1. Having
affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an
affectionate brother.
2. Kindly inclined; zealous.
[Obs.]
Johson.
Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be
too affectionate.
Sprat.
3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love;
tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent;
affectionate countenance, message, language.
4. Strongly inclined; -- with to.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Syn. -- Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond;
earnest; ardent.
Af*fec"tion*a`ted, a. Disposed;
inclined. [Obs.]
Affectionated to the people.
Holinshed.
Af*fec"tion*ate*ly, adv. With affection;
lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.
Af*fec"tion*ate*ness, n. The quality of
being affectionate; fondness; affection.
Af*fec"tioned (#), a. 1.
Disposed. [Archaic]
Be kindly affectioned one to another.
Rom. xii. 10.
2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.]
Shak.
Af*fec"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
affectif.] 1. Tending to affect;
affecting. [Obs.]
Burnet.
2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional;
emotional.
Rogers.
Af*fec"tive*ly, adv. In an affective
manner; impressively; emotionally.
Af*fec"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L.
affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See
Affect.] Full of passion or emotion;
earnest. [Obs.] --
Af*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Fabyan.
Af*feer" (#), v. t. [OF.
aforer, afeurer, to tax, appraise, assess,
fr. L. ad + forum market, court of justice, in LL.
also meaning pri.] 1. To
confirm; to assure. [Obs.] \'bdThe title is
affeered.\'b8
Shak.
2. (Old Law) To assess or reduce, as an
arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable
sum.
Amercements . . . were affeered by the judges.
Blackstone.
{ Af*feer"er (#), Af*feer"or
(#), } n. [OF. aforeur,
LL. afforator.] (Old Law) One
who affeers.
Cowell.
Af*feer"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
aforement.] (Old Law) The act of
affeering.
Blackstone.
Af"fer*ent (#), a. [L.
afferens, p. pr. of afferre; ad +
ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) Bearing or
conducting inwards to a part or organ; -- opposed to
efferent; as, afferent vessels;
afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the
external organs to the brain.
\'d8Af*fet`tu*o"so (#), adv.
[It.] (Mus.) With feeling.
Af*fi"ance (#), n. [OE.
afiaunce trust, confidence, OF. afiance,
fr. afier to trust, fr. LL. affidare to
trust; ad + fidare to trust, fr. L. fides
faith. See Faith, and cf. Affidavit,
Affy, Confidence.] 1.
Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.
2. Trust; reliance; faith; confidence.
Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual
affiance in the divine love.
Sir J. Stephen.
Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have
Most joy and most affiance.
Tennyson.
Af*fi"ance, v. t. [imp. Affianced (#); p. pr. Affiancing (#).] [Cf.
OF. afiancier, fr. afiance.]
1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for
marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in
marriage.
To me, sad maid, he was affianced.
Spenser.
2. To assure by promise. [Obs.]
Pope.
Af*fi"an*cer (#), n. One who
makes a contract of marriage between two persons.
Af*fi"ant (#), n. [From p. pr.
of OF. afier, LL. affidare. See
Affidavit.] (Law) One who makes an
affidavit. [U. S.]
Burrill.
Syn. -- Deponent. See Deponent.
Af`fi*da"vit (#), n. [LL.
affidavit he has made oath, perfect tense of
affidare. See Affiance, Affy.]
(Law) A sworn statement in writing; a declaration
in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized
magistrate.
Bouvier. Burrill.
ex parte, and without
cross-examination, and in this differs from a
deposition. It is also applied to written statements
made on affirmation.
Syn. -- Deposition. See Deposition.
Af*file" (#), v. t. [OF.
afiler, F. affiler, to sharpen;
a (L. ad) + fil thread,
edge.] To polish. [Obs.]
Af*fil"i*a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin.
Af*fil"i*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affiliated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affiliating
(#).] [LL. adfiliare,
affiliare, to adopt as son; ad + filius
son: cf. F. affilier.] 1. To
adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or
receive into close connection; to ally.
Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged
and in rebellion?
I. Taylor.
2. To fix the paternity of; -- said of an
illegitimate child; as, to affiliate the child
to (or on or upon) one man rather than
another.
3. To connect in the way of descent; to trace
origin to.
How do these facts tend to affiliate the faculty of
hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes?
H. Spencer.
4. To attach (to) or unite
(with); to receive into a society as a member, and
initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; -- followed by
to or with.
Affiliated societies, societies connected with
a central society, or with each other.
Af*fil"i*ate, v. i. To connect or
associate one's self; -- followed by with; as,
they affiliate with no party.
Af*fil`i*a"tion (#), n. [F.
affiliation, LL. affiliatio.]
1. Adoption; association or reception as a member
in or of the same family or society.
2. (Law) The establishment or
ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a
bastard, to its father; filiation.
3. Connection in the way of descent.
H. Spencer.
Af*fi"nal (#), a. [L.
affinis.] Related by marriage; from the
same source.
Af*fine" (#), v. t. [F.
affiner to refine; (L. ad) +
fin fine. See Fine.] To
refine. [Obs.]
Holland.
Af*fined" (#), a. [OF.
afin\'82 related, p. p., fr. LL. affinare
to join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to;
ad + finis boundary, limit.] Joined in
affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] \'bdAll
affined and kin.\'b8
Shak.
Af*fin"i*ta*tive (#), a. Of the
nature of affinity. --
Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly,
adv.
Af*fin"i*tive, a. Closely connected, as
by affinity.
Af*fin"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Affinities(#). [OF.
afinit\'82, F. affinit\'82, L.
affinites, fr. affinis. See
Affined.]
1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband
and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her
husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to
consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed
by with, to, or between.
Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh.
1 Kings iii. 1.
2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation;
conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the
affinity of sounds, of colors, or of
languages.
There is a close affinity between imposture and
credulity.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. Companionship; acquaintance.
[Obs.]
About forty years past, I began a happy affinity
with William Cranmer.
Burton.
4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes
place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous
particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds;
chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.
5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between
species or highe
6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual
relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between
persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman
who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
Af*firm" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affirmed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Affirming.] [OE. affermen,
OF. afermer, F. affirmer,
affermir, fr. L. affirmare; ad +
firmare to make firm, firmus firm. See
Firm.] 1. To make firm; to confirm, or
ratify; esp. (Law), to assert or confirm, as a
judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for
review.
2. To assert positively; to tell with confidence;
to aver; to maintain as true; -- opposed to
deny.
Jesus, . . . whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
Acts xxv. 19.
3. (Law) To declare, as a fact,
solemnly, under judicial sanction. See Affirmation,
4.
Syn. -- To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure;
pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify.
-- To Affirm, Asseverate,
Aver, Protest. We affirm when we
declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We
asseverate it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with
increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We
aver it, or formally declare it to be true, when we
have positive knowledge of it. We protest in a more
public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People
asseverate in order to produce a conviction of their
veracity; they aver when they are peculiarly desirous
to be believed; they protest when they wish to free
themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their
innocence.
Af*firm", v. i. 1. To declare
or assert positively.
Not that I so affirm, though so it seem
To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth.
Milton.
2. (Law) To make a solemn declaration,
before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties
of perjury; to testify by affirmation.
Af*firm"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; -- followed by
of; as, an attribute affirmable of every
just man.
Af*firm"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
afermance.] 1. Confirmation;
ratification; confirmation of a voidable act.
This statute . . . in affirmance of the common
law.
Bacon.
2. A strong declaration; affirmation.
Cowper.
<-- p. 29 -->
Af*firm"ant (#), n. [L.
affirmans, -antis, p. pr. See
Affirm.] 1. One who affirms or
asserts.
2. (Law) One who affirms of taking an
oath.
Af`fir*ma"tion (#), n. [L.
affirmatio: cf. F. affirmation.]
1. Confirmation of anything established;
ratification; as, the affirmation of a
law.
Hooker.
2. The act of affirming or asserting as true;
assertion; -- opposed to negation or
denial.
3. That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive
as, an affirmation, by the
vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality.
4. (Law) A solemn declaration made under
the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline
taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an
oath.
Bouvier.
Af*firm"a*tive (#), a. [L.
affirmativus: cf. F. affirmatif.]
1. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act
affirmative of common law.
2. That affirms; asserting that the fact is so;
declaratory of what exists; answering \'bdyes\'b8 to a question;
-- opposed to negative; as, an
affirmative answer; an affirmative
vote.
3. Positive; dogmatic. [Obs.]
J. Taylor.
Lysicles was a little by the affirmative air of
Crito.
Berkeley.
4. (logic) Expressing the agreement of
the two terms of a proposition.
5. (Alg.) Positive; -- a term applied to
quantities which are to be added, and opposed to
negative, or such as are to be subtracted.
Af*firm"a*tive, n. 1. That
which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative
proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the
proposition stated; -- opposed to negative; as,
there were forty votes in the affirmative, and ten in
the negative.
Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my
purpose that many have believed the affirmative.
Dryden.
2. A word or phrase expressing affirmation or
assent; as, yes, that is so,
etc.
Af*firm"a*tive*ly, adv. In an
affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the
affirmative; -- opposed to negatively.
Af*firm"a*to*ry (#), a. Giving
affirmation; assertive; affirmative.
Massey.
Af*firm"er (#), n. One who
affirms.
Af*fix" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affixed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Affixing.] [LL. affixare, L.
affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to;
ad + figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F.
afficher, ultimately fr. L. affigere. See
Fix.] 1. To subjoin, annex, or add
at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; as,
to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal
to an instrument; to affix one's name to a
writing.
2. To fix or fasten in any way; to attach
physically.
Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves
of a plant improper for their food.
Ray.
3. To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names
affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things;
to affix a stigma to a person; to affix
ridicule or blame to any one.
4. To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with
on or upon; as, eyes affixed
upon the ground. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Syn. -- To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.
Af"fix (#), n.; pl.
Affixes (#). [L. affixus, p. p.
of affigere: cf. F. affixe.]
That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more
letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a
postfix.
Af*fix"ion (#), n. [L.
affixio, fr. affigere.]
Affixture. [Obs.]
T. Adams.
Af*fix"ture (?; 135), n. The
act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.
Af*fla"tion (#), n. [L.
afflatus, p. p. of afflare to blow or
breathe on; ad + flare to blow.] A blowing
or breathing on; inspiration.
Af*fla"tus (#), n. [L., fr.
afflare. See Afflation.] 1.
A breath or blast of wind.
2. A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural
impulse; inspiration.
A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet
without his afflatus.
Spence.
Af*flict" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Afflicted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Afflicting.] [L.
afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down,
deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF.
aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf.
Flagellate.] 1. To strike or cast
down; to overthrow. [Obs.] \'bdReassembling
our afflicted powers.\'b8
Milton.
2. To inflict some great injury or hurt upon,
causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously;
to torment.
They did set over them taskmasters to afflict them
with their burdens.
Exod. i. 11.
That which was the worst now least afflicts me.
Milton.
3. To make low or humble. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an
afflicted truth.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment;
wound; hurt.
Af*flict", p. p. & a. [L.
afflictus, p. p.] Afflicted.
[Obs.]
Becon.
Af*flict"ed*ness, n. The state of being
afflicted; affliction. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Af*flict"er (#), n. One who
afflicts.
Af*flict"ing, a. Grievously painful;
distressing; afflictive; as, an afflicting
event. -- Af*flict"ing*ly, adv.
Af*flic"tion (#), n. [F.
affliction, L. afflictio, fr.
affligere.] 1. The cause of
continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an
instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief.
To repay that money will be a biting
affliction.
Shak.
2. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain,
distress, or grief.
Some virtues are seen only in affliction.
Addison.
Syn. -- Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity;
misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship.
-- Affliction, Sorrow, Grief,
Distress. Affliction and sorrow are terms of
wide and general application; grief and
distress have reference to particular cases.
Affliction is the stronger term. The suffering lies
deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause,
such as the loss of what is most dear -- friends, health, etc. We
do not speak of mere sickness or pain as \'bdan affliction,\'b8
though one who suffers from either is said to be
afflicted; but deprivations of every kind, such as
deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called
afflictions, showing that term applies particularly to
prolonged sources of suffering. Sorrow and
grief are much alike in meaning, but grief
is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental
suffering for some definite cause, as, grief for the
death of a dear friend; sorrow is more reflective, and
is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked
upon with sorrow. Grief is often violent
and demonstrative; sorrow deep and brooding.
Distress implies extreme suffering, either bodily or
mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless,
agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind
or body. Affliction is allayed, grief
subsides, sorrow is soothed, distress is
mitigated.
Af*flic"tion*less (#), a. Free
from affliction.
Af*flic"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
afflictif.] Giving pain; causing continued
or repeated pain or grief; distressing. \'bdJove's
afflictive hand.\'b8
Pope.
Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive
pain.
Prior.
Af*flic"tive*ly, adv. In an afflictive
manner.
Af"flu*ence (#), n. [F.
affluence, L. affluentia, fr.
affluens, p. pr. of affluere to flow to;
ad + fluere to flow. See Flux.]
1. A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an
influx.
The affluence of young nobles from hence into
Spain.
Wotton.
There is an unusual affluence of strangers this
year.
Carlyle.
2. An abundant supply, as of thought, words,
feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property;
wealth.
And old age of elegance, affluence, and ease.
Coldsmith.
Syn. -- Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty;
wealth; opulence.
Af"flu*en*cy (#), n.
Affluence. [Obs.]
Addison.
Af"flu*ent (#), a. [Cf. F.
affluent, L. affluens, -entis,
p. pr. See Affluence.] 1. Flowing
to; flowing abundantly. \'bdAffluent blood.\'b8
Harvey.
2. Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy;
abounding in goods or riches.
Language . . . affluent in expression.
H. Reed.
Loaded and blest with all the affluent store,
Which human vows at smoking shrines implore.
Prior.
Af"flu*ent, n. A stream or river flowing
into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.
Af"flu*ent*ly, adv. Abundantly;
copiously.
Af*flu*ent*ness, n. Great plenty.
[R.]
Af"flux` (#), n. [L.
affluxum, p. p. of affluere: cf. F.
afflux. See Affluence.] A flowing
towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood
to the head.
Af*flux"ion (#), n. The act of
flowing towards; afflux.
Sir T. Browne.
Af"fo*dill (#), n.
Asphodel. [Obs.]
Af*force" (#), v. t. [OF.
afforcier, LL. affortiare; ad +
fortiare, fr. L. fortis strong.] To
re\'89nforce; to strengthen.
Hallam.
Af*force"ment (#), n.
[OF.] 1. A fortress; a fortification for
defense. [Obs.]
Bailey.
2. A re\'89nforcement; a strengthening.
Hallam.
Af*for"ci*a*ment (#), n. See
Afforcement. [Obs.]
Af*ford" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Afforded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affording.] [OE.
aforthen, AS. gefor,
for, to further, accomplish, afford, fr.
for forth, forward. The prefix ge- has
no well defined sense. See Forth.] 1.
To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural
result, fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine;
olives afford oil; the earth affords fruit; the
sea affords an abundant supply of fish.
2. To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter
reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to
furnish; as, a good life affords consolation in old
age.
His tuneful Muse affords the sweetest numbers.
Addison.
The quiet lanes . . . afford calmer retreats.
Gilpin.
3. To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling,
granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great
injury; as, A affords his goods cheaper than B; a
man can afford a sum yearly in charity.
4. To incur, stand, or bear without serious
detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be
injurious; -- with an auxiliary, as can,
could, might, etc.; to be able or rich
enough.
The merchant can afford to trade for smaller
profits.
Hamilton.
He could afford to suffer
With those whom he saw suffer.
Wordsworth.
Af*ford"a*ble (#), a. That may
be afforded.
Af*ford"ment (#), n. Anything
given as a help; bestowal. [Obs.]
Af*for"est (#), v. t. [LL.
afforestare; ad + forestare. See
Forest.] To convert into a forest; as, to
afforest a tract of country.
Af*for`es*ta"tion (#), n. The
act of converting into forest or woodland.
Blackstone.
Af*form"a*tive (#), n. An
affix.
Af*fran"chise (#), v. t. [F.
affranchir; (L. ad) +
franc free. See Franchise and
Frank.] To make free; to enfranchise.
Johnson.
Af*fran"chise*ment (#), n. [Cf.
F. affranchissement.] The act of making
free; enfranchisement. [R.]
Af*frap" (#), v. t. & i. [Cf.
It. affrappare, frappare, to cut, mince, F.
frapper to strike. See Frap.] To
strike, or strike down. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fray" (#), v. t.
[p. p. Affrayed.]
[OE. afraien, affraien, OF.
effreer, esfreer, F. effrayer,
orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. ex + OHG.
fridu peace (akin to E. free). Cf.
Afraid, Fray, Frith inclosure.]
[Archaic] 1. To startle from quiet; to
alarm.
Smale foules a great heap
That had afrayed [affrayed] me out of my sleep.
Chaucer.
2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.
That voice doth us affray.
Shak.
Af*fray" (#), n. [OE.
afrai, affrai, OF. esfrei, F.
effroi, fr. OF. esfreer. See
Affray, v. t.] 1. The act
of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack.
[Obs.]
2. Alarm; terror; fright. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a
fray. \'bdIn the very midst of the affray.\'b8
Motley.
4. (Law) The fighting of two or more
persons, in a public place, to the terror of others.
Blackstone.
affray.
Syn. -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest;
feud; tumult; disturbance.
Af*fray"er (#), n. One engaged
in an affray.
Af*fray"ment (#), n.
Affray. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*freight" (#), v. t. [Pref.
ad- + freight: cf. F.
affr\'82ter. See Freight.] To
hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or
freight.
Af*freight"er (#), n. One who
hires or charters a ship to convey goods.
Af*freight"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
affr\'82tement.] The act of hiring, or the
contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey
cargo.
Af*fret" (#), n. [Cf. It.
affrettare to hasten, fretta haste.]
A furious onset or attack. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fric"tion (#), n. [L.
affricare to rub on. See Friction.]
The act of rubbing against. [Obs.]
Af*friend"ed (#), p. p. Made
friends; reconciled. [Obs.] \'bdDeadly foes .
. . affriended.\'b8
Spenser.
Af*fright" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affrighted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affrighting.] [Orig.
p. p.; OE. afright, AS. \'befyrhtan to
terrify; \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger.
er-, orig. meaning out) + fyrhto
fright. See Fright.] To impress with sudden
fear; to frighten; to alarm.
Dreams affright our souls.
Shak.
A drear and dying sound
Affrights the flamens at their service quaint.
Milton.
Syn. -- To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare;
startle; daunt; intimidate.
Af*fright", p. a. Affrighted.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Af*fright", n. 1. Sudden and
great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than
fear, or apprehension, perhaps less than
terror.
He looks behind him with affright, and forward with
despair.
Goldsmith.
2. The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror;
an object of dread.
B. Jonson.
Af*fright"ed*ly, adv. With fright.
Drayton.
Af*fright"en (#), v. t. To
frighten. [Archaic] \'bdFit tales . . . to
affrighten babes.\'b8
Southey.
Af*fright"er (#), n. One who
frightens. [Archaic]
Af*fright"ful (#), a.
Terrifying; frightful. --
Af*fright"ful*ly, adv.
[Archaic]
Bugbears or affrightful apparitions.
Cudworth.
Af*fright"ment (#), n.
Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or
alarm. [Archaic]
Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with
terror and affrightment.
Locke.
Af*front" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affronted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affronting.] [OF.
afronter, F. affronter, to confront, LL.
affrontare to strike against, fr. L. ad +
frons forehead, front. See Front.]
1. To front; to face in position; to meet or
encounter face to face. [Obs.]
All the sea-coasts do affront the Levant.
Holland.
That he, as 't were by accident, may here
Affront Ophelia.
Shak.
2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to
confront; as, to affront death; hence, to
meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic]
3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect;
to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with
marked incivility.
How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to
affront the wife of Aurelius?
Addison.
Syn. -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight;
defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.
Af*front", n. [Cf. F.
affront, fr. affronter.] 1.
An encounter either friendly or hostile.
[Obs.]
I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded
On hostile ground, none daring my affront.
Milton.
2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or
justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity;
insult.
Offering an affront to our understanding.
Addison.
3. An offense to one's self-respect; shame.
Arbuthnot.
Syn. -- Affront, Insult, Outrage.
An affront is a designed mark of disrespect, usually
in the presence of others. An insult is a personal
attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or
degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent
insult or abuse. An affront piques and mortifies; an
insult irritates and provokes; an outrage
wounds and injures.
Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an
affront. When people are in a state of animosity, they
seek opportunities of offering each other insults.
Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of
outrages.
Crabb.
Af*fron*t\'82" (#), a. [F.
affront\'82, p. p.] (Her.) Face
to face, or front to front; facing.
Af*front"ed*ly (#), adv.
Shamelessly. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Af*fron*tee", n. One who receives an
affront.
Lytton.
Af*front"er (#), n. One who
affronts, or insults to the face.
Af*front"ing*ly, adv. In an affronting
manner.
Af*front"ive (#), a. Tending to
affront or offend; offensive; abusive.
How affrontive it is to despise mercy.
South.
<-- p. 30 -->
Af*front"ive*ness (#), n. The
quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.]
Bailey.
Af*fuse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affused
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing
(#).] [L. affusus, p. p. of
affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. See
Fuse.] To pour out or upon.
[R.]
I first affused water upon the compressed
beans.
Boyle.
Af*fu"sion (#), n. [Cf. F.
affusion.] The act of pouring upon, or
sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism.
Specifically: (Med) The act of pouring water or
other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in
disease.
Dunglison.
Af*fy" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affied (#);
p. pr. Affying.] [OF.
afier, LL. affidare. Cf.
Affiance.] 1. To confide (one's self
to, or in); to trust.
[Obs.]
2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To bind in faith. [Obs.]
Bp. Montagu.
Af*fy", v. i. To trust or confide.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Af"ghan (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Afghanistan.
Af"ghan, n. 1. A native of
Afghanistan.
2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.
A*field" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + field.] 1. To, in,
or on the field. \'bdWe drove afield.\'b8
Milton.
How jocund did they drive their team afield!
Gray.
2. Out of the way; astray.
Why should he wander afield at the age of
fifty-five!
Trollope.
A*fire" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + fire.] On fire.
A*flame" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flame.] Inflames; glowing
with light or passion; ablaze.
G. Eliot.
A*flat" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + flat.] Level with the
ground; flat. [Obs.]
Bacon.
A*flaunt" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flaunt.] In a flaunting
state or position.
Copley.
A*flick"er (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + flicker.] In a
flickering state.
A*float" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + float.] 1. Borne
on the water; floating; on board ship.
On such a full sea are we now afloat.
Shak.
2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general
circulation; as, a rumor is afloat.
3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control;
adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat.
A*flow" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flow.] Flowing.
Their founts aflow with tears.
R. Browning.
A*flush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flush, n.] In a flushed or
blushing state.
A*flush", adv. & a. [Pref. a-
+ flush, a.] On a level.
The bank is . . . aflush with the sea.
Swinburne.
A*flut"ter (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + flutter.] In a
flutter; agitated.
A*foam" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + foam.] In a foaming state;
as, the sea is all afoam.
A*foot" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + foot.] 1. On
foot.
We 'll walk afoot a while.
Shak.
2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in
progress.
The matter being afoot.
Shak.
A*fore" (#), adv. [OE.
afore, aforn, AS. onforan or
\'91tforan; pref. a- +
fore.] 1. Before.
[Obs.]
If he have never drunk wine afore.
Shak.
2. (Naut.) In the fore part of a
vessel.
A*fore", prep. 1. Before (in
all its senses). [Archaic]
2. (Naut.) Before; in front of; farther
forward than; as, afore the windlass.
Afore the mast, among the common sailors; -- a
phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the
officers.
A*fore"cit`ed (#), a. Named or
quoted before.
A*fore"go`ing (#), a. Go\'c6ng
before; foregoing.
A*fore"hand` (#) adv.
Beforehand; in anticipation. [Archaic or
Dial.]
She is come aforehand to anoint my body.
Mark xiv. 8.
A*fore"hand`, a. Prepared; previously
provided; -- opposed to behindhand.
[Archaic or Dial.]
Aforehand in all matters of power.
Bacon.
A*fore"men`tioned (#), a.
Previously mentioned; before-mentioned.
Addison.
A*fore"named` (#), a. Named
before.
Peacham.
A*fore"said` (#), a. Said
before, or in a preceding part; already described or
identified.
A*fore"thought` (#), a.
Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed;
as, malice aforethought, which is required to
constitute murder.
Bouvier.
A*fore"thought`, n. Premeditation.
A*fore"time` (#), adv. In time
past; formerly. \'bdHe prayed . . . as he did
aforetime.\'b8
Dan. vi. 10.
\'d8A for`ti*o"ri (#). [L.]
(Logic & Math.) With stronger reason.
A*foul" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + foul.] In collision;
entangled.
Totten.
To run afoul of, to run against or come into
collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause
injury.
A*fraid" (#), p. a. [OE.
afrayed, affraide, p. p. of
afraien to affray. See Affray, and cf.
Afeard.] Impressed with fear or apprehension;
in fear; apprehensive. [Afraid comes after the noun
it limits.] \'bdBack they recoiled,
afraid.\'b8
Milton.
terrified or frightened. It is followed by
of before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or
by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death.
\'bdI am afraid to die.\'b8 \'bdI am
afraid he will chastise me.\'b8 \'bdBe not
afraid that I your hand should take.\'b8
Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used
colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I
can not help you in this matter.
Syn. -- Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.
Af"reet (#), n. Same as
Afrit.
A*fresh" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + fresh.] Anew; again; once
more; newly.
They crucify . . . the Son of God afresh.
Heb. vi. 6.
Af"ric (#), a. African.
-- n. Africa.
[Poetic]
Af"ri*can (#), a. [L.
Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer
African.] Of or pertaining to Africa.
African hemp, a fiber prerared from the leaves
of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa
and India. -- African marigold, a tropical
American plant (Tagetes erecta). --
African oak African teak,
a timber furnished by Oldfieldia Africana, used in
ship building.
<-- African violet
African-American, a United States citizen
of African descent-->
Af"ri*can, n. A native of Africa; also
one ethnologically belonging to an African race.
Af`ri*can"der (#), n. One born
in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a \'bdcolored\'b8
mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born
of European settlers.
Af"ri*can*ism (#), n. A word,
phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or Africans.
\'bdThe knotty Africanisms . . . of the fathers.\'b8
Milton.
Af"ri*can*ize (#), v. t. To
place under the domination of Africans or negroes.
[Amer.]
Bartlett.
Af"rit (#), Af"rite(#),
Af"reet(#), n. [Arab.
'ifr\'c6t.] (Moham. Myth.) A
powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant.
A*front" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + front.] In front; face to
face. -- prep. In front of.
Shak.
Aft (#), adv. & a. [AS.
\'91ftan behind; orig. superl. of of,
off. See After.] (Naut.)
Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.
Aft"er (#), a. [AS.
\'91fter after, behind; akin to Goth.
aftaro, aftra, backwards, Icel.
aptr, Sw. and Dan. efter, OHG.
aftar behind, Dutch and LG. achter, Gr. -ter is an old comparative
suffix, in E. generally -ther (as in
other), and after is a compar. of
of, off. Of; cf.
Aft.] 1. Next; later in time;
subsequent; succeeding; as, an after period of
life.
Marshall.
after-ages, after-act,
after-days, after-life. For the most part
the words are properly kept separate when after has
this meaning.
2. Hinder; nearer the rear.
(Naut.) To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied
to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the
after cabin, after hatchway. It
is often combined with its noun; as, after-bowlines,
after-braces, after-sails,
after-yards, those on the mainmasts and
mizzenmasts.
After body (Naut.), the part of a
ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part.
Aft"er, prep. 1. Behind in
place; as, men in line one after another.
\'bdShut doors after you.\'b8
Shak.
2. Below in rank; next to in order.
Shak.
Codrus after Ph
Dryden.
3. Later in time; subsequent; as,
after supper, after three days. It often
precedes a clause. Formerly that was interposed
between it and the clause.
After I am risen again, I will go before you into
Galilee.
Matt. xxvi. 32.
4. Subsequent to and in consequence of; as,
after what you have said, I shall be careful.
5. Subsequent to and notwithstanding; as,
after all our advice, you took that course.
6. Moving toward from behind; following, in search
of; in pursuit of.
Ye shall not go after other gods.
Deut. vi. 14.
After whom is the king of Israel come out?
1 Sam. xxiv. 14.
7. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in
relation to; as, to look after workmen; to inquire
after a friend; to thirst after
righteousness.
8. In imitation of; in conformity with; after the
manner of; as, to make a thing after a model; a
picture after Rubens; the boy takes after his
father.
To name or call after,
to name like and reference to.
Our eldest son was named George after
his uncle.
Goldsmith.
9. According to; in accordance with; in conformity
with the nature of; as, he acted after his
kind.
He shall not judge after the sight of his eyes.
Isa. xi. 3.
They that are after the flesh do mind the things of
the flesh.
Rom. viii. 5.
10. According to the direction and influence of; in
proportion to; befitting. [Archaic]
He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency,
and not after their intrinsic value.
Bacon.
After all, when everything has been
considered; upon the whole. -- After (with the
same noun preceding and following), as, wave after
wave, day after day, several or many (waves, etc.)
successively. -- One after another,
successively. -- To be after, to be in
pursuit of in order to reach or get; as, he is after
money.
Aft"er, adv. Subsequently in time or
place; behind; afterward; as, he follows
after.
It was about the space of three hours after.
Acts. v. 7.
After is prefixed to many words, forming
compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may
be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in
after- described, after-dinner,
after-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to
connect the adjective after with its noun. See
Note under After, a., 1.
Aft"er*birth` (#), n.
(Med.) The placenta and membranes with which the
fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery.
Aft"er*cast` (#), n. A throw of
dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too
late.
Gower.
Aft"er*clap` (#), n. An
unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening
after an affair is supposed to be at an end.
Spenser.
Aft"er*crop` (#), n. A second
crop or harvest in the same year.
Mortimer.
Aft"er damp` (#). An irrespirable gas,
remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp.
See Carbonic acid.
Aft"er-din`ner(#), n. The time
just after dinner. \'bdAn after-dinner's
sleep.\'b8 Shak. [Obs.] --
a. Following dinner; post-prandial; as,
an after-dinner nap.
Aft"er-eat`age(#), n.
Aftergrass.
Aft"er*eye` (#), v. t. To look
after. [Poetic]
Shak.
Aft"er*game` (#), n. A second
game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient.
Wotton.
Aftergame at Irish, an ancient game very
nearly resembling backgammon.
Beau. & Fl.
Aft"er-glow(#), n. A glow of
refulgence in the western sky after sunset.
Aft"er*grass` (#), n. The grass
that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath.
Aft"er*growth` (#), n. A second
growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development.
J. S. Mill.
Aft"er*guard` (#), n.
(Naut.) The seaman or seamen stationed on the
poop or after part of the ship, to attend the after-sails.
Totten.
Aft"er-im`age(#), n. The
impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye
after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions
left of tones, smells, etc.
Aft"er*ings (#), n. pl. The
last milk drawn in milking; strokings. [Obs.]
Grose.
Aft"er*math (#), n.
[After + math. See
Math.] A second moving; the grass which grows
after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen.
Holland.
Aft"er-men`tioned(#), a.
Mentioned afterwards; as, persons
after-mentioned (in a writing).
Aft"er*most (#), a. superl.
[OE. eftemest, AS. \'91ftemest,akin to
Gothic aftumist and aftuma, the last, orig.
a superlative of of, with the superlative endings
-te, -me, -st.]
1. Hindmost; -- opposed to
foremost.
2. (Naut.) Nearest the stern; most
aft.
Aft"er*noon" (#), n. The part
of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.
Aft"er-note`(#), n.
(Mus.) One of the small notes occur on the
unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the
preceding note.
Aft"er*pains` (#), n. pl.
(Med.) The pains which succeed childbirth, as in
expelling the afterbirth.
Aft"er*piece` (#), n. 1.
A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other
small entertainment.
2. (Naut.) The heel of a rudder.
Aft"er-sails`(#), n. pl.
(Naut.) The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the
stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast.
Totten.
Aft"er*shaft` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The hypoptilum.
Aft"er*taste` (#), n. A taste
which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking.
Aft"er*thought` (#), n.
Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or
expedient.
{ Aft"er*wards (#), Aft"er*ward
(#), } adv. [AS.
\'91fteweard, a., behind. See Aft, and
-ward (suffix). The final s in
afterwards is adverbial, orig. a genitive
ending.] At a later or succeeding time.
Aft"er*wise` (#), a. Wise after
the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late.
Aft"er-wit` (#), n. Wisdom or perception
that comes after it can be of use.
\'bdAfter-wit comes too late when the
mischief is done.\'b8
L'Estrange.
Aft"er-wit`ted (#), a.
Characterized by afterwit; slow-witted.
Tyndale.
Aft"most (#), a. (Naut.)
Nearest the stern.
Aft"ward (#), adv.
(Naut.) Toward the stern.
\'d8A*ga" or \'d8A*gha"
(#), n. [Turk. adh\'be a great
lord, chief master.] In Turkey, a commander or chief
officer. It is used also as a title of respect.
A*gain" (?; 277), adv. [OE.
agein, agayn, AS. ongegn,
onge\'a0n, against, again; on + ge\'a0n,
akin to Ger. gegewn against, Icel. gegn.
Cf. Gainsay.] 1. In return, back;
as, bring us word again.
2. Another time; once more; anew.
If a man die, shall he live again?
Job xiv. 14.
3. Once repeated; -- of quantity; as, as large
again, half as much again.
4. In any other place. [Archaic]
Bacon.
5. On the other hand. \'bdThe one is my
sovereign . . . the other again is my kinsman.\'b8
Shak.
6. Moreover; besides; further.
Again, it is of great consequence to avoid,
etc.
Hersche
Again and again, more than once; often;
repeatedly. -- Now and again, now and then;
occasionally. -- To and again, to and
fro. [Obs.] De Foe.
again-witness, to witness against;
again-ride, to ride against; again-come, to
come against, to encounter; again-bring, to bring
back, etc.
{ A*gain" (#), A*gains"
(#), } prep. Against; also,
towards (in order to meet). [Obs.]
Albeit that it is again his kind.
Chaucer.
A*gain"buy` (#), v. t. To
redeem. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
A*gain"say` (#), v. t. To
gainsay. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
A*gainst" (?; 277), prep. [OE.
agens, ageynes, AS. ongegn. The
s is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See
Again.] 1. Abreast; opposite to;
facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a
river; -- in this sense often preceded by
over.
Jacob saw the angels of God come against him.
Tyndale.
2. From an opposite direction so as to strike or
come in contact with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats
against the roof.
3. In opposition to, whether the opposition is of
sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in
contrariety to; hence, adverse to; as, against
reason; against law; to run a race against
time.
The gate would have been shut against her.
Fielding.
An argument against the use of steam.
Tyndale.
4. By of before the time that; in preparation for;
so as to be ready for the time when. [Archaic or
Dial.]
Urijah the priest made it, against King Ahaz came
from Damascus.
2 Kings xvi. 11.
Against the sun, in a direction contrary to
that in which the sun appears to move.
A*gain"stand` (#), v. t. To
withstand. [Obs.]
A*gain"ward (#), adv. Back
again. [Obs.]
<-- p. 31 -->
{ \'d8Ag`a*lac"ti*a (#),
Ag"a*lax`y (#), } n. [Gr.
(Med.)
Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth.
Ag`a*lac"tous (#), a. Lacking
milk to suckle with.
\'d8A`gal-a"gal (#), n. Same as
Agar-agar.
{ Ag"al*loch (#),
\'d8A*gal"lo*chum (#), } n.
[Gr. aguru, Heb.
pl. ah\'bel\'c6m.] A soft, resinous wood
(Aquilaria Agallocha) of highly aromatic smell, burnt
by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also
agalwood and aloes wood.
The name is also given to some other species.
Ag`al*mat"o*lite (#), n. [Gr.
-lite: cf. F.
agalmatolithe.] (Min.) A soft,
compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved
into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure
stone, and pagodite. It is probably
a variety of pinite.
\'d8Ag"a*ma (#), n.; pl.
Agamas (#). [From the Caribbean name
of a species of lizard.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable substances;
also, one of these lizards.
\'d8Ag"a*mi (#), n.; pl.
Agamis (#). [F. agex>, fr. the native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American bird
(Psophia crepitans), allied to the cranes, and easily
domesticated; -- called also the gold-breasted
trumpeter. Its body is about the size of the pheasant.
See Trumpeter.
A*gam"ic (#), a.
[Agamous.] (a) (Biol.)
Produced without sexual union; as, agamic or
unfertilized eggs. (b) Not having
visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants;
agamous.
A*gam"ic*al*ly (#), adv. In an
agamic manner.
Ag"a*mist (#), n. [See
Agamous.] An unmarried person; also, one
opposed to marriage.
Foxe.
\'d8Ag`a*mo*gen"e*sis (#), n.
[Gr. (Biol.) Reproduction without
the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual
reproduction.
Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic (#), n.
(Biol.) Reproducing or produced without sexual
union. -- Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic*al*ly
(#), adv.
All known agamogenetic processes end in a complete
return to the primitive stock.
Huxley.
Ag"a*mous (#), a. [Gr. (Biol.)
Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In Bo>.,
cryptogamous.
A*gan`gli*o"nic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + ganglionic.]
(Physiol.) Without ganglia.
A*gape" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + gape.] Gaping, as with
wonder, expectation, or eager attention.
Dazzles the crowd and sets them all agape.
Milton.
\'d8Ag"a*pe (#), n.; pl.
Agap\'91 (#). [Gr. The love feast of the primitive Christians,
being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion.
\'d8A`gar-a"gar (#), n.
[Ceylonese local name.] A fucus or seaweed much
used in the East for soups and jellies; Ceylon moss
(Gracilaria lichenoides).
Ag"a*ric (?; 277), n. [L.
agaricum, Gr. Agara, a
town in Sarmatia.] 1. (Bot.) A
fungus of the genus Ag/xex>, of many species, of which the
common mushroom is an example.
2. An old name for severwal species of
Polyporus, corky fungi growing on decaying wood.
female agaric\'b8 (Polyporus
officinalic) was renowned as a cathartic; the \'bdmale
agaric\'b8 (Polyporus igniarius) is used for
preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder.
Agaric mineral, a light, chalky deposit of
carbonate of lime, sometimes called rock milk, formed
in caverns or fissures of limestone.
A*gasp" (#), adv. & a. [.
a- + gasp.] In a state of
gasping.
Coleridge.
A*gast" or A*ghast" (#),
v. t. To affright; to terrify.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
A*gast" (#), p. p. & a. See
Aghast.
A*gas"tric (#), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Having to
stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the tapeworm.
A*gate" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- on + gate way.] On the way;
agoing; as, to be agate; to set the bells
agate. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Ag"ate (#), n. [F.
agate, It. agata, L. achates,
fr. Gr. 1. (Min.) A
semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting
various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately
arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds.
fortification agate, or Scotch
pebble, the moss agate, the clouded agate,
etc., are familiar varieties.
2. (Print.) A kind of type, larger than
pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called
ruby.
agate.
3. A diminutive person; so called in allusion to
the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals.
[Obs.]
Shak.
4. A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders,
etc.; -- so called from the agate fixed in it for
burnishing.
Ag`a*tif"er*ous (#), a.
[Agate + -ferous.]
Containing or producing agates.
Craig.
Ag"a*tine (#), a. Pertaining
to, or like, agate.
Ag"a*tize (#), v. t. [Usually
p. p. Agatized(#).] To convert into
agate; to make resemble agate.
Dana.
Ag"a*ty (#), a. Of the nature
of agate, or containing agate.
A*ga"ve (#), n. [L.
Agave, prop. name, fr. Gr. (bot.) A genus of
plants (order Amaryllidace\'91) of which the chief
species is the maguey or century plant (A. Americana),
wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according
to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic
flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The
fermented juice is the pulque of the Mexicans;
distilled, it yields mescal. A strong thread and a
tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many
uses.
A*gazed" (#), p. p. [Only in p.
p.; another spelling for aghast.] Gazing
with astonishment; amazed. [Obs.]
The whole army stood agazed on him.
Shak.
Age (#), n. [OF.
aage, eage, F. \'83ge, fr. L.
aetas through a supposed LL. aetaticum. L.
aetas is contracted fr. aevitas, fr.
aevum lifetime, age; akin to E. aye ever.
Cf. Each.] 1. The whole duration of
a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind;
lifetime.
Mine age is as nothing before thee.
Ps. xxxix. 5.
2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing
which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is
the present age of a man, or of the earth?
3. The latter part of life; an advanced period of
life; seniority; state of being old.
Nor wrong mine age with this indignity.
Shak.
4. One of the stages of life; as, the
age of infancy, of youth, etc.
Shak.
5. Mature age; especially, the time of life at
which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to
come of age; he (or she) is of age.
Abbott. In the United States, both males and
females are of age when twenty-one years
old.
6. The time of life at which some particular power
or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the
age of consent; the age of
discretion.
Abbott.
7. A particular period of time in history, as
distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the
age of Pericles. \'bdThe spirit of the
age.\'b8
Prescott.
Truth, in some age or other, will find her
witness.
Milton.
Archeological ages are designated as three:
The Stone age (the early and the later stone age,
called paleolithic and neolithic), the Bronze
age, and the Iron age. During the Age of
Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and
implements.
See Augustan, Brazen, Golden,
Heroic, Middle.
8. A great period in the history of the
Earth.
The geologic ages are as follows: 1. The
Arch\'91an, including the time when was no life and the time of
the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The age of
Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe
consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The age of
Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4.
The age of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the
Carboniferous age. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary
age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles
prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary
age, or age of Mammals, when the mammalia, or
quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The
Quaternary age, or age of Man, or the modern
era.
Dana.
9. A century; the period of one hundred
years.
Fleury . . . apologizes for these five ages.
Hallam.
10. The people who live at a particular period;
hence, a generation. \'bdAges yet unborn.\'b8
Pope.
The way which the age follows.
J. H. Newman.
Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage,
Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age.
C. Sprague.
11. A long time. [Colloq.]
\'bdHe made minutes an age.\'b8
Tennyson.
Age of a tide, the time from the origin of a
tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given
place. -- Moon's age, the time that has
elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and
moon.
Age is used to form the first part of
many compounds; as, agelasting,
age-adorning, age-worn,
age-enfeebled, agelong.
Syn. -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.
Age, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Aged (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aging (#).] To grow aged; to
become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew fat as he
aged.
They live one hundred and thirty years, and never
age for all that.
Holland.
I am aging; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a
light-colored, hair here and there.
Landor.
Age, v. t. To cause to grow old; to
impart the characteristics of age to; as, grief ages
us.
A"ged (#), a. 1. Old;
having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual
time allotted to that species of being; as, an aged
man; an aged oak.
2. Belonging to old age. \'bdAged
cramps.\'b8
Shak.
3. (#) Having a certain age; at the age of; having
lived; as, a man aged forty years.
A"ged*ly, adv. In the manner of an aged
person.
A"ged*ness, n. The quality of being
aged; oldness.
Custom without truth is but agedness of error.
Milton.
Age"less (#), a. Without old
age limits of duration; as, fountains of ageless
youth.
A*gen" (#), adv. & prep. See
Again. [Obs.]
A"gen*cy (#), n.; pl.
Agencies (#). [agentia,
fr. L. agens, agentis: cf. F.
agence. See Agent.] 1.
The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of
being in action; action; instrumentality.
The superintendence and agency of Providence in the
natural world.
Woodward.
2. The office of an agent, or factor; the relation
between a principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with
the concerns of another.
3. The place of business of am agent.
Syn. -- Action; operation; efficiency; management.
A"gend (#), n. See
Agendum. [Obs.]
\'d8A*gen"dum (#), n.; pl.
Agenda (#). [L., neut. of the
gerundive of agere to act.] 1.
Something to be done; in the pl., a memorandum
book.
2. A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this
sense, usually Agenda.]
Ag`e*nes"ic (#), a. [See
Agensis.] (Physiol.) Characterized
by sterility; infecund.
\'d8A*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
(Physiol.) Any
imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of
organization.
\'d8Ag`en*ne"sis (#), n. [Gr.
(Physiol.)
Impotence; sterility.
A"gent (#), a. [L.
agens, agentis, p. pr. of agere
to act; akin to Gr. aka to drive,
Skr. aj. Actingpatient, or sustaining, action.
[Archaic] \'bdThe body agent.\'b8
Bacon.
A"gent, n. 1. One who exerts
power, or has the power to act; an actor.
Heaven made us agents, free to good or ill.
Dryden.
2. One who acts for, or in the place of, another,
by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of
another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor.
3. An active power or cause; that which has the
power to produce an effect; as, a physical, chemical, or
medicinal agent; as, heat is a powerful
agent.
A*gen"tial (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an agent or an agency.
Fitzed. Hall.
A"gent*ship (#), n.
Agency.
Beau. & Fl.
\'d8A*ger"a*tum (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Bot.) A genus of plants, one species of which
(A. Mexicanum) has lavender-blue flowers in dense
clusters.
Ag*gen`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
aggenerare to beget in addition. See
Generate.] The act of producing in
addition. [Obs.]
T. Stanley.
\'d8Ag"ger (#), n. [L., a
mound, fr. aggerere to bear to a place, heap up;
ad + gerere to bear.] An earthwork; a
mound; a raised work. [Obs.]
Hearne.
Ag"ger*ate (#), v. t. [L.
aggeratus, p. p. of aggerare. See
Agger.] To heap up. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Ag`ger*a"tion (#), n. [L.
aggeratio.] A heaping up; accumulation;
as, aggerations of sand.
[R.]
Ag`ger*ose" (#), a. In heaps;
full of heaps.
Ag*gest" (#), v. t. [L.
aggestus, p. p. of aggerere. See
Agger.] To heap up. [Obs.]
The violence of the waters aggested the earth.
Fuller.
Ag*glom"er*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Agglomerated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agglomerating
(#).] [L. agglomeratus, p.
p. of agglomerare; ad + glomerare to form
into a ball. See Glomerate.] To wind or
collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything
like a mass.
Where he builds the agglomerated pile.
Cowper.
Ag*glom"er*ate, v. i. To collect in a
mass.
{ Ag*glom"er*ate (#),
Ag*glom"er*a`ted (#), } a.
1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass.
2. (Bot.) Collected into a rounded head
of flowers.
Ag*glom"er*ate (#), n. 1.
A collection or mass.
2. (Geol.) A mass of angular volcanic
fragments united by heat; -- distinguished from
conglomerate.
Ag*glom`er*a"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. agglom\'82ration.] 1. The act
or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.
An excessive agglomeration of turrets.
Warton.
2. State of being collected in a mass; a mass;
cluster.
Ag*glom"er*a*tive (#), a.
Having a tendency to gather together, or to make
collections.
Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one
of his own words) agglomerative.
Coleridge.
Ag*glu"ti*nant (#), a. [L.
agglutinans, -antis, p. pr. of
agglutinare.] Uniting, as glue; causing, or
tending to cause, adhesion. -- n.
Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to
adhere.
Ag*glu"ti*nate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Agglutinated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Agglutinating.] [L.
agglutinatus, p. p. of agglutinare to glue
or cement to a thing; ad + glutinare to glue;
gluten glue. See Glue.] To unite,
or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to
unite by causing an adhesion of substances.
Ag*glu"ti*nate (#), a. 1.
United with glue or as with glue; cemented together.
2. (physiol.) Consisting of root words
combined but not materially altered as to form or meaning;
as, agglutinate forms, languages, etc. See
Agglutination, 2.
Ag*glu`ti*na"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. agglutination.] 1. The act of
uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being
thus united; adhesion of parts.
2. (Physiol.) Combination in which root
words are united with little or no change of form or loss of
meaning. See Agglutinative, 2.
Ag*glu"ti*na*tive (#), a. [Cf.
F. agglutinatif.] 1. Pertaining to
agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to cause
adhesion; adhesive.
2. (Philol.) Formed or characterized by
agglutination, as a language or a compound.
In agglutinative languages the union of words may
be compared to mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to
chemical compounds.
R. Morris.
Cf. man-kind,
heir-loom, war-like,
which are agglutinative compounds. The Finnish,
Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are agglutinative
languages.
R. Morris.
Agglutinative languages preserve the consciousness
of their roots.
Max M\'81ller.
Ag*grace" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + grace: cf. It. aggraziare,
LL. aggratiare. See Grace.] To
favor; to grace. [Obs.] \'bdThat knight so
much aggraced.\'b8
Spenser.
<-- p. 32 -->
Ag*grace" (#), n. Grace;
favor. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ag"gran*di"za*ble (#), a.
Capable of being aggrandized.
Ag*gran`di*za"tion (#), n.
Aggrandizement. [Obs.]
Waterhouse.
Ag"gran*dize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggrandized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrandizing
(#).] [F. agrandir;
\'85 (L. ad) + grandir to
increase, L. grandire, fr. grandis great.
See Grand, and cf. Finish.] 1.
To make great; to enlarge; to increase; as, to
aggrandize our conceptions, authority,
distress.
2. To make great or greater in power, rank, honor,
or wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.
His scheme for aggrandizing his son.
Prescott.
3. To make appear great or greater; to exalt.
Lamb.
Syn. -- To augment; exalt; promote; advance.
Ag"gran*dize, v. i. To increase or
become great. [Obs.]
Follies, continued till old age, do aggrandize.
J. Hall.
Ag*gran"dize*ment (?; 277), n.
[Cf. F. agrandissement.] The act of
aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in
power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement; as,
the emperor seeks only the aggrandizement of his own
family.
Syn. -- Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement;
promotion; preferment.
Ag"gran*di`zer (#), n. One who
aggrandizes, or makes great.
Ag*grate" (#), v. t. [It.
aggratare, fr. L. ad + gratus pleasing. See
Grate, a.] To please.
[Obs.]
Each one sought his lady to aggrate.
Spenser.
Ag"gra*vate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggravated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggravating.] [L.
aggravatus, p. p. of aggravare. See
Aggrieve.] 1. To make heavy or
heavier; to add to; to increase. [Obs.] \'bdTo
aggravate thy store.\'b8
Shak.
2. To make worse, or more severe; to render less
tolerable or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance;
to intensify. \'bdTo aggravate my woes.\'b8
Pope.
To aggravate the horrors of the scene.
Prescott.
The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather
aggravate than extenuate his crime.
Addison.
3. To give coloring to in description; to
exaggerate; as, to aggravate
circumstances.
Paley.
4. To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate.
[Colloq.]
If both were to aggravate her parents, as my
brother and sister do mine.
Richardson (Clarissa).
Syn. -- To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify;
exaggerate; provoke; irritate; exasperate.
Ag"gra*va`ting (#), a. 1.
Making worse or more heinous; as, aggravating
circumstances.
2. Exasperating; provoking; irritating.
[Colloq.]
A thing at once ridiculous and aggravating.
J. Ingelow.
Ag"gra*va`ting*ly, adv. In an
aggravating manner.
Ag`gra*va"tion (#), n. [LL.
aggravatio: cf. F. aggravation.]
1. The act of aggravating, or making worse; -- used
of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing in severity or
heinousness; something additional to a crime or wrong and
enhancing its guilt or injurious consequences.
2. Exaggerated representation.
By a little aggravation of the features changed it
into the Saracen's head.
Addison.
3. An extrinsic circumstance or accident which
increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.
4. Provocation; irritation.
[Colloq.]
Dickens.
Ag"gra*va*tive (#), a. Tending
to aggravate. Ag*gres"sive*ly,
adv. -- Ag*gres"sive*ness,
n.
No aggressive movement was made.
Macaulay.
Ag*gres"sor (#), n. [L.: cf. F.
agresseur.] The person who first attacks or
makes an aggression; he who begins hostility or a quarrel; an
assailant.
The insolence of the aggressor is usually
proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer.
Ames.
Ag*griev"ance (#), n. [OF.
agrevance, fr. agrever. See
Aggrieve.] Oppression; hardship; injury;
grievance. [Archaic]
Ag*grieve" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggrieved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrieving
(#).] [OE. agreven, OF.
agrever; a (L. ad) +
grever to burden, injure, L. gravare to
weigh down, fr. gravis heavy. See Grieve, and
cf. Aggravate.] To give pain or sorrow to; to
afflict; hence, to oppress or injure in one's rights; to bear
heavily upon; -- now commonly used in the passive TO be
aggrieved.
Aggrieved by oppression and extortion.
Macaulay.
Ag*grieve", v. i. To grieve; to
lament. [Obs.]
Ag*group" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggrouped
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggrouping.] [F. agrouper;
\'85 (L. ad) + groupe group. See
Group..] To bring together in a group; to
group.
Dryden.
Ag*group"ment (#), n.
Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.
\'d8Ag"gry, \'d8Ag"gri (#),
a. Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of
ancient manufacture; as, aggry beads are found in
Ashantee and Fantee in Africa.
A*ghast" (#), v. t. See
Agast, v. t. [Obs.]
A*ghast" (#), a & p. p. [OE.
agast, agasted, p. p. of agasten
to terrify, fr. AS. pref. \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ g to terrify, torment: cf. Goth.
usgaisjan to terrify, primitively to fix, to root to
the spot with terror; akin to L. haerere to stick
fast, cling. See Gaze, Hesitate.]
Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or
horror.
Aghast he waked; and, starting from his bed,
Cold sweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erspread.
Dryden.
The commissioners read and stood aghast.
Macaulay.
Ag"i*ble (#), a. [Cf. LL.
agibilis, fr. L. agere to move, do.]
Possible to be done; practicable. [Obs.]
\'bdFit for agible things.\'b8
Sir A. Sherley.
Ag"ile (#), a. [F.
agile, L. agilis, fr. agere to
move. See Agent.] Having the faculty of quick
motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; nimble; active;
as, an agile boy; an agile
tongue.
Shaking it with agile hand.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.
Ag"ile*ly, adv. In an agile manner;
nimbly.
Ag"ile*ness, n. Agility;
nimbleness. [R.]
A*gil"i*ty (#), n. [F.
agili\'82, L. agilitas, fr.
agilis.] 1. The quality of being
agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily;
nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; as, strength and
agility of body.
They . . . trust to the agility of their wit.
Bacon.
Wheeling with the agility of a hawk.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Activity; powerful agency.
[Obs.]
The agility of the sun's fiery heat.
Holland.
Ag"i*o (#), n.; pl.
Agios (#). [It. aggio
exchange, discount, premium, the same word as agio
ease. See Ease.] (Com.) The premium or
percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange
for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of
exchange is sometimes called agio.
Ag"i*o*tage (#), n. [F.
agiotage, fr. agioter to practice
stockjobbing, fr. agio.] Exchange business;
also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of speculators to raise or
lower the price of stocks or public funds.
Vanity and agiotage are to a Parisian the oxygen
and hydrogen of life.
Landor.
A*gist" (#), v. t. [OF.
agister; \'85 (L. ad) +
gister to assign a lodging, fr. giste
lodging, abode, F. g\'8cte, LL. gistum,
gista, fr. L. jacitum, p. p. of
jac to lie: cf. LL. agistare,
adgistare. See Gist.] (Law)
To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used
originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and
collecting the money for the same.
Blackstone.
Ag`is*ta"tor (#), n.
[LL.] See Agister.
{ A*gist"er, A*gist"or }
(#), n. [Anglo-Norman
agistour.] (Law) (a)
Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care
of cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; -- hence
called gisttaker, which in England is
corrupted into guest-taker. (b)
Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a
certain rate; a pasturer.
Mozley & W.
A*gist"ment (#), n. [OF.
agistement. See Agist.]
(Law) (a) Formerly, the taking and
feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forests.
(b) The taking in by any one of other men's cattle
to graze at a certain rate. Mozley & W.
(c) The price paid for such feeding.
(d) A charge or rate against lands; as, an
agistment of sea banks, i. e., charge for banks
or dikes.
Ag"i*ta*ble (#), a. [L.
agitabilis: cf. F. agitable.]
Capable of being agitated, or easily moved.
[R.]
Ag"i*tate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Agitated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agitating
(#).] [L. agitatus, p. p. of
agitare to put in motion, fr. agere to
move: cf. F. agiter. See Act,
Agent.] 1. To move with a violent,
irregular action; as, the wind agitates the sea; to
agitate water in a vessel. \'bdWinds . . .
agitate the air.\'b8
Cowper.
2. To move or actuate. [R.]
Thomson.
3. To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb;
as, he was greatly agitated.
The mind of man is agitated by various
passions.
Johnson.
4. To discuss with great earnestness; to debate;
as, a controversy hotly agitated.
Boyle.
5. To revolve in the mind, or view in all its
aspects; to contrive busily; to devise; to plot; as,
politicians agitate desperate designs.
Syn. -- To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract;
revolve; discuss; debate; canvass.
Ag"i*ta`ted*ly, adv. In an agitated
manner.
Ag`i*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
agitatio: cf. F. agitation.]
1. The act of agitating, or the state of being
agitated; the state of being moved with violence, or with
irregular action; commotion; as, the sea after a storm is in
agitation.
2. A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of
tranquillity; disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical
excitement; perturbation; as, to cause any one
agitation.
3. Excitement of public feeling by discussion,
appeals, etc.; as, the antislavery agitation; labor
agitation. \'bdReligious
agitations.\'b8
Prescott.
4. Examination or consideration of a subject in
controversy, or of a plan proposed for adoption; earnest
discussion; debate.
A logical agitation of the matter.
L'Estrange.
The project now in agitation.
Swift.
Syn. -- Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor;
perturbation. See Emotion.
Ag"i*ta*tive (#), a. Tending to
agitate.
\'d8A`gi*ta"to (#), a. [It.,
agitated.] (Med.) Sung or played in a
restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.
Ag"i*ta`tor (#), n. [L.]
1. One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites
others; as, political reformers and
agitators.
2. (Eng. Hist.) One of a body of men
appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their
interests; -- called also adjutators.
Clarendon.
3. An implement for shaking or mixing.
A*gleam" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + gleam.] Gleaming; as,
faces agleam.
Lowell.
{ Ag"let (#), Aig"let
(#), } n. [F.
aiguillette point, tagged point, dim. of
aiguilee needle, fr. LL. acucula for
acicula, dim. of L. acus needle, pinagleter to hook on. See Acute, and
cf. Aiguillette.] 1. A tag of a lace
or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used in dress. They
were sometimes formed into small images. Hence,
\'bdaglet baby\'bd (Shak.), an
aglet image.
2. (Haberdashery) A round white
staylace.
Beck.
A*gley" (#), adv. Aside;
askew. [Scotch]
Burns.
A*glim"mer (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + glimmer.] In a
glimmering state.
Hawthorne.
A*glit"ter (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + glitter.]
Clittering; in a glitter.
A*glos"sal (#), a. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Without tongue;
tongueless.
A*glow" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + glow.] In a glow; glowing;
as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all
aglow.
Ag`lu*ti"tion (#), n. [Pref.
a- not + L. glutire to swallow.]
(Med.) Inability to swallow.
Ag"mi*nal (#), a. [L.
agminalis; agmen, agminis, a
train.] Pertaining to an army marching, or to a
train. [R.]
{ Ag"mi*nate (#), Ag"mi*na`ted
(#), } a. [L. agmen,
agminis, a train, crowd.] (Physiol.)
Grouped together; as, the agminated glands of
Peyer in the small intestine.
Ag"nail (#), n. [AS.
angn\'91gl; ange vexation, trouble +
n\'91gel nail. Cf. Hangnail.]
1. A corn on the toe or foot.
[Obs.]
2. An inflammation or sore under or around the
nail; also, a hangnail.
Ag"nate (#), a. [L.
agnatus, p. p. of agnasci to be born in
addition to; ad + nasci (for gnasci) to be
born. Cf. Adnate.] 1. Related or
akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same male
ancestor.
2. Allied; akin. \'bdAgnate
words.\'b8
Pownall.
Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial
and agnate with the former.
Landor.
Ag"nate, n. [Cf. F.
agnat.] (Civil Law) A relative
whose relationship can be traced exclusively through males.
Ag*nat"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
agnatique.] Pertaining to descent by the
male line of ancestors. \'bdThe agnatic
succession.\'b8
Blackstone.
Ag*na"tion (#), n. [L.
agnatio: cf. F. agnation.]
1. (Civil Law) Consanguinity by a line
of males only, as distinguished from cognation.
Bouvier.
<-- p. 33 -->
Ag*ni"tion (#), n. [L.
agnitio, fr. agnoscere. See
Notion.] Acknowledgment.
[Obs.]
Grafton.
Ag*nize" (#), v. t. [Formed
like recognize, fr. L. agnoscere.]
To recognize; to acknowledge. [Archaic]
I do agnize a natural and prompt alacrity.
Shak.
Ag`noi*ol"*gy (#), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Metaph.)
The doctrine concerning those things of which we are
necessarily ignorant.
\'d8Ag*no"men (#), n. [L.;
ad + nomen name.] 1. An additional
or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of some remarkable
exploit or event; as, Publius Caius Scipio
Africanus.
2. An additional name, or an epithet appended to a
name; as, Aristides the Just.
Ag*nom"i*nate (#), v. t. To
name. [Obs.]
Ag*nom`i*na"tion (#), n. [L.
agnominatio. See Agnomen.] 1.
A surname. [R.]
Minsheu.
2. Paronomasia; also, alliteration;
annomination.
Ag*nos"tic (#), a. [Gr. Professing
ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving
agnosticism. -- Ag*nos"tic*al*ly
(#), adv.
Ag*nos"tic, n. One who professes
ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of
phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor
denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life,
etc.
Ag*nos"ti*cism (#), n. That
doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor
denies. Specifically: (Theol.) The
doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen world,
etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the
necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon
Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the
evidence furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a
positive conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer);
-- opposed alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic
theism.
\'d8Ag"nus (#), n.; pl. E.
Agnuses (#); L. Agni
(#). [L., a lamb.] Agnus
Dei.
\'d8Ag"nus cas"tus (#). [Gr. (Bot.) A species of
Vitex (V. agnus castus); the chaste
tree.
Loudon.
And wreaths of agnus castus others bore.
Dryden.
\'d8Ag"nus De"i (#). [L., lamb of
God.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A figure of
a lamb bearing a cross or flag. (b) A cake of
wax stamped with such a figure. It is made from the remains of
the paschal candles and blessed by the Pope. (c)
A triple prayer in the sacrifice of the Mass, beginning with
the words \'bdAgnus Dei.\'b8
A*go" (#), a. & adv. [OE.
ago, agon, p. p. of agon to go
away, pass by, AS. \'beg\'ben to pass away;
\'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-,
orig. meaning out) + g\'ben to go. See
Go.] Past; gone by; since; as, ten years
ago; gone long ago.
A*gog" (#), a. & adv. [Cf. F.
gogue fun, perhaps of Celtic origin.] In
eager desire; eager; astir.
All agog to dash through thick and thin.
Cowper.
A*go"ing (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + p. pr. of go.] In motion;
in the act of going; as, to set a mill
agoing.
\'d8Ag"on (#), n.; pl.
Agones (#). [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A contest for a prize
at the public games.
A*gone" (#), a. & adv.
Ago. [Archaic> & Poet.]
Three days agone I fell sick.
1 Sam. xxx. 13.
A"gone (#), n. [See
Agonic.] Agonic line.
A*gon"ic (#), a. [Gr. Not forming
an angle.
Agonic line (Physics), an imaginary
line on the earth's surface passing through those places where
the magnetic needle points to the true north; the line of no
magnetic variation. There is one such line in the Western
hemisphere, and another in the Eastern hemisphere.
Ag"o*nism (#), n. [Gr. Agon.]
Contention for a prize; a contest. [Obs.]
Blount.
Ag"o*nist (#), n. [Gr.
One who contends for the prize in public
games. [R.]
{ Ag`o*nis"tic (#),
Ag`o*nis"tic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. Agonism.] Pertaining to
violent contests, bodily or mental; pertaining to athletic or
polemic feats; athletic; combative; hence, strained;
unnatural.
As a scholar, he [Dr. Parr] was brilliant, but he consumed his
power in agonistic displays.
De Quincey.
Ag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. In an agonistic
manner.
Ag`o*nis"tics (#), n. The
science of athletic combats, or contests in public games.
Ag"o*nize (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Agonized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agonizing
(#).] [F. agoniser, LL.
agonizare, fr. Gr. Agony.]
1. To writhe with agony; to suffer violent
anguish.
To smart and agonize at every pore.
Pope.
2. To struggle; to wrestle; to strive
desperately.
Ag"o*nize, v. t. To cause to suffer
agony; to subject to extreme pain; to torture.
He agonized his mother by his behavior.
Thackeray.
Ag"o*ni`zing*ly (#), adv. With
extreme anguish or desperate struggles.
Ag"o*no*thete` (#), n. [Gr.
[Antiq.]
An officer who presided over the great public games in
Greece.
Ag`o*no*thet"ic (#), a. [Gr.
Pertaining to the office of an agonothete.
Ag"o*ny (#), n.; pl.
Agonies (#). [L. agonia, Gr.
agonie. See
Agon.] 1. Violent contest or
striving.
The world is convulsed by the agonies of great
nations.
Macaulay.
2. Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or
contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic
contests in Greece; and hence, extreme pain of mind or body;
anguish; paroxysm of grief; specifically, the sufferings of
Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.
Being in an agony he prayed more earnestly.
Luke xxii. 44.
3. Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion.
With cries and agonies of wild delight.
Pope.
4. The last struggle of life; death struggle.
Syn. -- Anguish; torment; throe; distress; pangs;
suffering. -- Agony, Anguish,
Pang. These words agree in expressing extreme pain of
body or mind. Agony denotes acute and permanent pain,
usually of the whole system., and often producing contortions.
Anguish denotes severe pressure, and, considered as
bodily suffering, is more commonly local (as anguish
of a wound), thus differing from agony. A
pang is a paroxysm of excruciating pain. It is severe
and transient. The agonies or pangs of
remorse; the anguish of a wounded conscience. \'bdOh,
sharp convulsive pangs of agonizing
pride!\'b8
Dryden.
A-good(#), adv. [Pref.
a- + good.] In earnest;
heartily. [Obs.] \'bdI made her weep
agood.\'b8
Shak.
\'d8Ag"o*ra (#), n. [Gr.
An assembly; hence, the place of assembly,
especially the market place, in an ancient Greek city.
\'d8A*gou"a*ra (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The crab-eating raccoon
(Procyon cancrivorus), found in the tropical parts of
America.
\'d8A*gou"ta (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small insectivorous
mammal (Solenodon paradoxus), allied to the moles,
found only in Hayti.
{ A*gou"ti, A*gou"ty }
(#), n. [F. agouti,
acouti, Sp. aguti, fr. native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genus
Dasyprocta, about the size of a rabbit, peculiar to
South America and the West Indies. The most common species is the
Dasyprocta agouti.
A*grace" (#), n. & v. See
Aggrace. [Obs.]
A*graffe" (#), n. [F.
agrafe, formerly agraffe, OF.
agrappe. See Agrappes.] 1.
A hook or clasp.
The feather of an ostrich, fastened in her turban by an
agraffe set with brilliants.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A hook, eyelet, or other device by which a piano
wire is so held as to limit the vibration.
A*gram"ma*tist (#), n. [Gr.
A illiterate person. [Obs.]
Bailey.
\'d8A*graph"i*a (#), n. [Gr.
The absence or loss of the
power of expressing ideas by written signs. It is one form of
aphasia.
A*graph"ic (#), a.
Characterized by agraphia.
A*grappes" (#), n. pl. [OF.
agrappe, F. agrafe; a + grappe
(see Grape) fr. OHG. kr\'bepfo hook.]
Hooks and eyes for armor, etc.
Fairholt.
A*gra"ri*an (#), a. [L.
agrarius, fr. ager field.]
1. Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure;
esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands;
as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the
conquered and other public lands among citizens.
His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an
agrarian experiment.
Burke.
2. (Bot.) Wild; -- said of plants
growing in the fields.
A*gra"ri*an, n. 1. One in favor
of an equal division of landed property.
2. An agrarian law. [R.]
An equal agrarian is perpetual law.
Harrington.
A*gra"ri*an*ism (#), n. An
equal or equitable division of landed property; the principles or
acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.
A*gra"ri*an*ize (#), v. t. To
distribute according to, or to imbue with, the principles of
agrarianism.
{ A*gre", A*gree" } (#),
adv. [F. \'85 gr\'82. See
Agree.] In good part; kindly.
[Obs.]
Rom. of R.
A*gree" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Agreed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Agreeing.]
[F. agr\'82er to accept or receive kindly, fr.
\'85 gr\'82; \'85 (L. ad) +
gr\'82 good will, consent, liking, fr. L.
gratus pleasing, agreeable. See
Grateful.] 1. To harmonize in
opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or concord; to be
or become united or consistent; to concur; as, all parties
agree in the expediency of the law.
If music and sweet poetry agree.
Shak.
Their witness agreed not together.
Mark xiv. 56.
The more you agree together, the less hurt can your
enemies do you.
Sir T. Browne.
2. To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by
to; as, to agree to an offer, or to
opinion.
3. To make a stipulation by way of settling
differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come
to terms or to a common resolve; to promise.
Agree with thine adversary quickly.
Matt. v. 25.
Didst not thou agree with me for a penny ?
Matt. xx. 13.
4. To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to
correspond; as, the picture does not agree with the
original; the two scales agree exactly.
5. To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do
well; as, the same food does not agree with every
constitution.
6. (Gram.) To correspond in gender,
number, case, or person.
to be are often
employed with the participle agreed. \'bdThe jury
were agreed.\'b8 Macaulay. \'bdCan two walk
together, except they be agreed ?\'b8 Amos iii.
3. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived
from the transitive verb used reflexively. \'bdI agree
me well to your desire.\'b8
Ld. Berners.
Syn. -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede;
engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond;
harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.
A*gree" (#), v. t. 1.
To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to
settle; to arrange; as, to agree the fact; to
agree differences. [Obs.]
A*gree`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [OF.
agreablete.] 1. Easiness of
disposition. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. The quality of being, or making one's self,
agreeable; agreeableness.
Thackeray.
A*gree"a*ble (#), a. [F.
agr\'82able.] 1. Pleasing, either
to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; as,
agreeable manners or remarks; an agreeable
person; fruit agreeable to the taste.
A train of agreeable reveries.
Goldsmith.
2. Willing; ready to agree or consent.
[Colloq.]
These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great
sum of money, so that he will be but content and
agreeable that they may enter into the said town.
Latimer.
3. Agreeing or suitable; conformable;
correspondent; concordant; adapted; -- followed by to,
rarely by with.
That which is agreeable to the nature of one thing,
is many times contrary to the nature of another.
L'Estrange.
4. In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; -- in
this sense used adverbially for agreeably; as,
agreeable to the order of the day, the House took up the
report.
Syn. -- Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable;
amiable. See Pleasant.
A*gree"a*ble*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which gives
satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses.
That author . . . has an agreeableness that charms
us.
Pope.
2. The quality of being agreeable or suitable;
suitableness or conformity; consistency.
The agreeableness of virtuous actions to human
nature.
Pearce.
3. Resemblance; concordance; harmony; -- with
to or between. [Obs.]
The agreeableness between man and the other parts
of the universe.
Grew.
A*gree"a*bly, adv. 1. In an
agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly.
\'bdAgreeably entertained.\'b8
Goldsmith.
2. In accordance; suitably; consistently;
conformably; -- followed by to and rarely by
with. See Agreeable, 4.
The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent,
agreeably to the maxim above laid down.
Paley.
3. Alike; similarly. [Obs.]
Both clad in shepherds' weeds agreeably.
Spenser.
A*gree"ing*ly, adv. In an agreeing
manner (to); correspondingly; agreeably.
[Obs.]
A*gree"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
agr\'82ment.] 1. State of
agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character;
concurrence; concord; conformity; as, a good
agreement subsists among the members of the
council.
What agreement hath the temple of God with idols
?
2 Cor. vi. 16.
Expansion and duration have this further
agreement.
Locke.
2. (Gram.) Concord or correspondence of
one word with another in gender, number, case, or person.
3. (Law) (a) A concurrence in
an engagement that something shall be done or omitted; an
exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement, or
stipulation; a contract. (b) The language,
oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises.
Abbott. Brande & C.
Syn. -- Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.
A*gre"er (#), n. One who
agrees.
A*gres"tic (#), a. [L.
agrestis, fr. ager field.]
Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the
city; rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth.
\'bdAgrestic behavior.\'b8
Gregory.
A*gres"tic*al (#), a.
Agrestic. [Obs.]
A*gric`o*la"tion (#), n. [L.,
agricolatio.] Agriculture.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
A*gric"o*list (#), n. A
cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist.
Dodsley.
Ag"ri*cul`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
ager field + cultor cultivator.]
An agriculturist; a farmer. [R.]
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in,
tillage; as, the agricultural class;
agricultural implements, wages, etc. --
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ly,
adv.
Agricultural ant (Zo\'94l.), a
species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for
food. The remarkable species (Myrmica barbata) found
in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its
favorite grain, known as ant rice.
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ist, n. An
agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)
Ag"ri*cul`ture (?; 135), n. [L.
agricultura; ager field +
cultura cultivation: cf. F. agriculture.
See Acre and Culture.] The art or
science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of
crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage;
husbandry; farming.
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ism (#), n.
Agriculture. [R.]
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ist, n. One engaged or
skilled in agriculture; a husbandman.
The farmer is always a practitioner, the
agriculturist may be a mere theorist.
Crabb.
A*grief" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + grief.] In grief;
amiss. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ag"ri*mo*ny (#), n. [OE.
agremoyne, OF. aigremoine, L.
agrimonia for argemonia, fr. Gr.
(Bot.) (a) A genus of plants
of the Rose family. (b) The name is also
given to various other plants; as, hemp agrimony
(Eupatorium cannabinum); water agrimony
(Bidens).
Agrimonia eupatoria, or common
agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was
once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used.
<-- p. 34 -->
A*grin" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + grin.] In the act of
grinning. \'bdHis visage all agrin.\'b8
Tennyson.
Ag`ri*ol"o*gist (#), n. One
versed or engaged in agriology.
Ag`ri*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. -logy.] Description or
comparative study of the customs of savage or uncivilized
tribes.
A*grise" (#), v. i. [AS.
\'begr\'c6san to dread; \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + gr\'c6san, for gr
(only in comp.), akin to OHG. gr, G.
grausen, to shudder. See Grisly.]
To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*grise", v. t. 1. To shudder
at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. To terrify; to affright.
[Obs.]
His manly face that did his foes agrise.
Spenser.
\'d8A"grom (#), n. [Native
name.] (Med.) A disease occurring in Bengal
and other parts of the East Indies, in which the tongue chaps and
cleaves.
{ Ag`ro*nom"ic (#),
Ag`ro*nom"ic*al (#), } [Cf. F.
agronomique.] Pertaining to agronomy, of
the management of farms.
Ag`ro*nom"ics (#), n. The
science of the distribution and management of land.
A*gron"o*mist (#), n. One
versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.
A*gron"o*my (#), n. [Gr. agronomie.] The management of land; rural
economy; agriculture.
A*grope" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + grope.] In the act of
groping.
Mrs. Browning.
\'d8A*gros"tis (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. A genus of grasses, including species called
in common language bent grass. Some of them, as redtop
(Agrostis vulgaris), are valuable pasture
grasses.
{ A*gros`to*graph"ic (#),
A*gros`to*graph"ic*al (#), }
a. [Cf. F. agrostographique.]
Pertaining to agrostography.
Ag`ros*tog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr.
-graphy.] A description of the
grasses.
{ A*gros`to*log"ic (#),
A*gros`to*log"ic*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to agrostology.
Ag`ros*tol"o*gist (#), n. One
skilled in agrostology.
Ag`ros*tol"ogy (#), n. [Gr. -logy.] That part of botany which treats
of the grasses.
A*ground" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + ground.] On the ground;
stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom
lodges on the ground.
Totten.
A*group"ment (#), n. See
Aggroupment.
Ag`ryp*not"ic (#), n. [Gr. agrypnotique.] Anything which prevents
sleep, or produces wakefulness, as strong tea or coffee.
\'d8A`guar*di*en"te (#), n.
[Sp., contr. of agua ardiente burning water (L.
aqua water + ardens burning).]
1. A inferior brandy of Spain and Portugal.
2. A strong alcoholic drink, especially
pulque. [Mexico and Spanish America.]
A"gue (#), n. [OE.
agu, ague, OF. agu, F.
aigu, sharp, OF. fem. ague, LL. (febris)
acuta, a sharp, acute fever, fr. L. acutus
sharp. See Acute.] 1. An acute
fever. [Obs.] \'bdBrenning
agues.\'b8
P. Plowman.
2. (Med.) An intermittent fever,
attended by alternate cold and hot fits.
3. The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever;
as, fever and ague.
4. A chill, or state of shaking, as with
cold.
Dryden.
Ague cake, an enlargement of the spleen
produced by ague. -- Ague drop, a solution of
the arsenite of potassa used for ague. -- Ague
fit, a fit of the ague. Shak. --
Ague spell, a spell or charm against ague.
Gay. -- Ague tree, the sassafras,
-- sometimes so called from the use of its root formerly, in
cases of ague. [Obs.]
A"gue, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Agued (#).] To strike
with an ague, or with a cold fit.
Heywood.
A*guilt" (#), v. t. To be
guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*guise" (#), n. Dress.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
A*guise", v. t. [Pref a- +
guise.] To dress; to attire; to
adorn. [Obs.]
Above all knights ye goodly seem aguised.
Spenser.
A"gu*ish (#), a. 1.
Having the qualities of an ague; somewhat cold or shivering;
chilly; shaky.
Her aguish love now glows and burns.
Granville.
2. Productive of, or affected by, ague; as, the
aguish districts of England.
T. Arnold.
A"gu*ish*ness, n.
A*gush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + gush.] In a gushing
state.
Hawthorne.
Ag"y*nous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Without female
organs; male.
Ah (#), interj. [OE.
a: cf. OF. a, F. ah, L.
ah, Gr. \'be, Icel. \'91, OHG.
\'be, Lith. \'a0,
\'a0\'a0.] An exclamation, expressive of
surprise, pity, complaint, entreaty, contempt, threatening,
delight, triumph, etc., according to the manner of
utterance.
A*ha" (#), interj.
[Ah, interj. + ha.] An
exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph, mixed
with derision or irony, or simple surprise.
A*ha", n. A sunk fence. See
Ha-ha.
Mason.
A*head" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + head.] 1. In or to
the front; in advance; onward.
The island bore but a little ahead of us.
Fielding.
2. Headlong; without restraint.
[Obs.]
L'Estrange.
To go ahead. (a) To go in
advance. (b) To go on onward. (c)
To push on in an enterprise. [Colloq] --
To get ahead of. (a) To get in advance
of. (b) To surpass; to get the better of.
[Colloq.]
A*heap" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + heap.] In a heap; huddled
together.
Hood.
A*height" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + height.] Aloft; on
high. [Obs.] \'bdLook up
aheight.\'b8
Shak.
A*hem" (#), interj. An
exclamation to call one's attention; hem.
A*hey" (#), interj. Hey;
ho.
A*high" (#), adv. On
high. [Obs.]
Shak.
A*hold" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + hold.] Near the wind;
as, to lay a ship ahold.
[Obs.]
Shak.
A*horse"back (#), adv. On
horseback.
Two suspicious fellows ahorseback.
Smollet.
A*hoy" (#), interj. [OE. a,
interj. + hoy.] (Naut.) A term
used in hailing; as, \'bdShip ahoy.\'b8
\'d8Ah"ri*man (#), n.
[Per.] The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient
Persians; the Prince of Darkness as opposer to Ormuzd,
the King of Light.
\'d8A"hu (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Asiatic
gazelle.
A*hull" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + hull.] (Naut.)
With the sails furled, and the helm lashed alee; -- applied
to ships in a storm. See Hull, n.
A*hun"gered (#), a. [Pref.
a- + hungered.] Pinched with
hunger; very hungry.
C. Bront\'82.
A"i (#), n.; pl. Ais
(#). [Braz. a\'8b,
ha\'8b, from the animal's cry: cf. F.
a\'8b.] (Zo\'94l.) The
three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) of South
America. See Sloth.
\'d8Ai"blins, A"blins (#),
adv. [See Able.] Perhaps;
possibly. [Scotch]
Burns.
Aich's met"al (#). A kind of gun metal,
containing copper, zinc, and iron, but no tin.
Aid (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Aided (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Aiding.] [F. aider,
OF. aidier, fr. L. adjutare to help, freq.
of adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to help.
Cf. Adjutant.] To support, either by
furnishing strength or means in co\'94peration to effect a
purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to
assist.
You speedy helpers . . .
Appear and aid me in this enterprise.
Shak.
Syn. -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve;
befriend; co\'94perate; promote. See Help.
Aid, n. [F. aide, OF.
a\'8bde, a\'8be, fr. the verb. See
Aid, v. t.] 1. Help;
succor; assistance; relief.
An unconstitutional mode of obtaining aid.
Hallam.
2. The person or thing that promotes or helps in
something done; a helper; an assistant.
It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him
an aid like unto himself.
Tobit viii. 6.
3. (Eng. Hist.) A subsidy granted to the
king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan.
4. (Feudal Law) A pecuniary tribute paid
by a vassal to his lord on special occasions.
Blackstone.
5. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation;
as, a general's aid.
Aid prayer (Law), a proceeding by
which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one
who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in
suit. -- To pray in aid, to beseech and claim
such assistance.
Aid"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
aidance.] Aid. [R.]
Aidance 'gainst the enemy.
Shak.
Aid"ant (#), a. [Cf. F.
aidant, p. pr. of aider to help.]
Helping; helpful; supplying aid.
Shak.
Aid"-de-camp` (#), n.; pl.
Aids-de-camp. (#). [F. aide
de camp (literally) camp assistant.]
(Mil.) An officer selected by a general to carry
orders, also to assist or represent him in correspondence and in
directing movements.
Aid"er (#), n. One who, or that
which, aids.
Aid"ful (#), a. Helpful.
[Archaic.]
Bp. Hall.
Aid"less, a. Helpless; without
aid.
Milton.
Aid"-ma`jor (#), n. The
adjutant of a regiment.
Ai"el (#), n. See
Ayle. [Obs.]
Aig"let (#), n. Same as
Aglet.
Ai"gre (#), a. [F. See
Eager.] Sour. [Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8Ai"gre*more (#), n. [F.
origin unknown.] Charcoal prepared for making
powder.
{ Ai"gret (#), Ai*grette
(#), } n. [F., a sort of white
heron, with a tuft of feathers on its head; a tuft of feathers;
dim. of the same word as heron. See Heron,
and cf. Egret, Egrette.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The small white European heron. See
Egret.
2. A plume or tuft for the head composed of
feathers, or of gems, etc.
Prescott.
3. A tuft like that of the egret.
(Bot.) A feathery crown of seed; egret; as,
the aigrette or down of the dandelion or the
thistle.
\'d8Ai`guille" (#), n. [F., a
needle. See Aglet.] 1. A
needle-shaped peak.
2. An instrument for boring holes, used in
blasting.
Ai`guil*lette" (#), n. [F. See
Aglet.] 1. A point or tag at the end
of a fringe or lace; an aglet.
2. One of the ornamental tags, cords, or loops on
some military and naval uniforms.
Ai"gu*let (#), n. See
Aglet.
Spenser.
Ail (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Ailed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ailing.] [OE.
eilen, ailen, AS. eglan to
trouble, pain; akin to Goth. us-agljan to distress,
agls troublesome, irksome, aglo,
aglitha, pain, and prob. to E. awe.
To affect with pain or uneasiness, either
physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to
express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown;
as, what ails the man? I know not what ails
him.
What aileth thee, Hagar?
Gen. xxi. 17.
ails him; but, something
ails him.
Ail, v. i. To be affected with pain or
uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in
trouble.
When he ails ever so little . . . he is so
peevish.
Richardson.
Ail, n. Indisposition or morbid
affection.
Pope.
Ai*lan"thus (#), n. Same as
Ailantus.
Ai*lan"tus (#), n. [From
aylanto, i. e., tree of heaven, the name of the tree
in the Moluccas.] (Bot.) A genus of
beautiful trees, natives of the East Indies. The tree imperfectly
di
Ai*lette (#), n. [F.
ailette, dim. of aile wing, L.
ala.] A small square shield, formerly worn
on the shoulders of knights, -- being the prototype of the modern
epaulet.
Fairholt.
Ail"ment (#), n. Indisposition;
morbid affection of the body; -- not applied ordinarily to acute
diseases. \'bdLittle ailments.\'b8
Landsdowne.
\'d8Ai`lu*roid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of the Carnivora, which
includes the cats, civets, and hyenas.
Aim (#), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Aimed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Aiming.] [OE. amen,
aimen, eimen, to guess at, to estimate, to
aim, OF. esmer, asmer, fr. L.
aestimare to estimate; or perh. fr. OF.
aesmer; ad) + esmer. See
Estimate.] 1. To point or direct a
missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an
object or spot with the intent of hitting it; as, to
aim at a fox, or at a target.
2. To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt
the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; --
followed by at, or by an infinitive; as, to
aim at distinction; to aim to do
well.
Aim'st thou at princes?
Pope.
3. To guess or conjecture.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Aim, v. t. To direct or point, as a
weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act,
or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; as, to
aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow
(at something); to aim a satire or a reflection
(at some person or vice).
Aim, n. [Cf. OF. esme
estimation, fr. esmer. See Aim, v.
i.] 1. The pointing of a weapon, as a
gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the
object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of
anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a
particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect
it.
Each at the head leveled his deadly aim.
Milton.
2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended
to be attained or affected.
To be the aim of every dangerous shot.
Shak.
3. Intention; purpose; design; scheme.
How oft ambitious aims are crossed!
Pope.
4. Conjecture; guess. [Obs.]
What you would work me to, I have some aim.
Shak.
To cry aim (Archery), to
encourage. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose;
intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.
Aim"er (#), n. One who aims,
directs, or points.
Aim"less, a. Without aim or purpose;
as, an aimless life. --
Aim"less*ly, adv. --
Aim"less*ness, n.
Ai"no (#), n. [Said to be the
native name for man.] One of a peculiar race
inhabiting Yesso, the Kooril Islands etc., in the northern part
of the empire of Japan, by some supposed to have been the
progenitors of the Japanese. The Ainos are stout and short, with
hairy bodies.
Ain't (#). A contraction for are
not and am not; also used for is not.
[Colloq. or llliterate speech]. See
An't.
Air (#), n. [OE.
air, eir, F. air, L.
a\'89r, fr. Gr. wind. In sense
10 the French has taking a meaning fr. It. aria
atmosphere, air, fr. the same Latin word; and in senses 11, 12,
13 the French meaning is either fr. L. aria, or due to
confusion with F. aire, in an older sense of origin,
descent. Cf. A, Debonair,
Malaria, Wind.] 1. The
fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the
atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent,
compressible, elastic, and ponderable.
air was
regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is
essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount
of carbon dioxide, the average proportions being, by volume:
oxygen, 20.96 per cent.; nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon
dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These proportions are subject to a very
slight variability. Air also always contains some vapor of
water.
2. Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or
volatile. \'bdCharm ache with air.\'b8
Shak.
He was still all air and fire. Macaulay.
[Air and fire being the finer and quicker
elements as opposed to earth and
water.]
3. A particular state of the atmosphere, as
respects heat, cold, moisture, etc., or as affecting the
sensations; as, a smoky air, a damp air,
the morning air, etc.
4. Any a\'89riform body; a gas; as, oxygen was
formerly called vital air.
[Obs.]
5. Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle
wind.
Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play.
Pope.
6. Odoriferous or contaminated air.
7. That which surrounds and influences.
The keen, the wholesome air of poverty.
Wordsworth.
8. Utterance abroad; publicity; vent.
You gave it air before me.
Dryden.
9. Intelligence; information.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
10. (Mus.) (a) A musical idea,
or motive, rhythmically developed in consecutive
single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole,
which may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or
song, or even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a
melody; a tune; an aria. (b) In harmonized
chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which bears the
tune or melody -- in modern harmony usually the upper part -- is
sometimes called the air.
11. The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a
person; mien; demeanor; as, the air of a youth; a
heavy air; a lofty air. \'bdHis
very air.\'b8
Shak.
12. Peculiar appearance; apparent character;
semblance; manner; style.
It was communicated with the air of a secret.
Pope.
12. pl. An artificial or affected
manner; show of pride or vanity; haughtiness; as, it is said
of a person, he puts on airs.
Thackeray.
<-- p. 35 -->
14. (Paint.) (a) The
representation or reproduction of the effect of the atmospheric
medium through which every object in nature is viewed.
New Am. Cyc. (b) Carriage; attitude;
action; movement; as, the head of that portrait has a good
air.
Fairholt.
15. (Man.) The artificial motion or
carriage of a horse.
Air is much used adjectively or as the
first part of a compound term. In most cases it might be written
indifferently, as a separate limiting word, or as the first
element of the compound term, with or without the hyphen; as,
air bladder, air-bladder, or
airbladder; air cell, air-cell,
or aircell; air-pump, or
airpump.
Air balloon. See Balloon. --
Air bath. (a) An apparatus for the
application of air to the body. (b) An arrangement for
drying substances in air of any desired temperature. --
Air castle. See Castle in the air, under
Castle. -- Air compressor, a machine
for compressing air to be used as a motive power. --
Air crossing, a passage for air in a mine. --
Air cushion, an air-tight cushion which can be
inflated; also, a device for arresting motion without shock by
confined air. -- Air fountain, a contrivance
for producing a jet of water by the force of compressed air.
-- Air furnace, a furnace which depends on a
natural draft and not on blast. -- Air line,
a straight line; a bee line. Hence Air-line,
adj.; as, air-line road. --
Air lock (Hydr. Engin.), an
intermediate chamber between the outer air and the compressed-air
chamber of a pneumatic caisson. Knight. --
Air port (Nav.), a scuttle or porthole
in a ship to admit air. -- Air spring, a
spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized. --
Air thermometer, a form of thermometer in which
the contraction and expansion of air is made to measure changes
of temperature. -- Air threads,
gossamer. -- Air trap, a contrivance for
shutting off foul air or gas from drains, sewers, etc.; a stench
trap. -- Air trunk, a pipe or shaft for
conducting foul or heated air from a room. -- Air
valve, a valve to regulate the admission or egress of
air; esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and
allows air to enter. -- Air way, a passage
for a current of air; as the air way of an air pump;
an air way in a mine. -- In the air.
(a) Prevalent without traceable origin or authority,
as rumors. (b) Not in a fixed or stable
position; unsettled. (c) (Mil.)
Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as,
the army had its wing in the air. -- To take
air, to be divulged; to be made public. -- To
take the air, to go abroad; to walk or ride
out.
Air (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Aired (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Airing.] [See Air,
n., and cf. A.] 1.
To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing,
or purifying; to ventilate; as, to air a
room.
It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were
aired.
Bacon.
Were you but riding forth to air yourself.
Shak.
2. To expose for the sake of public notice; to
display ostentatiously; as, to air one's
opinion.
Airing a snowy hand and signet gem.
Tennyson.
3. To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling
dampness, or of warming; as, to air linen; to
air liquors.
Air" bed` (#). A sack or matters inflated
with air, and used as a bed.
Air" blad`der (#). 1.
(Anat.) An air sac, sometimes double or variously
lobed, in the visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in
the same way as the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in
the adult may retain a tubular connection with the pharynx or
esophagus.
2. A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or
plant; also an air hole in a casting.
Air" brake` (#). (Mach.) A
railway brake operated by condensed air.
Knight.
Air"-built` (#), a. Erected in
the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; as, an
air-built castle.
Air" cell` (#). 1. (Bot.)
A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air
only.
2. (Anat.) A receptacle of air in
various parts of the system; as, a cell or minute cavity in the
walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air sac of birds; a
dilatation of the air vessels in insects.
Air" cham`ber (#). 1. A chamber
or cavity filled with air, in an animal or plant.
2. A cavity containing air to act as a spring for
equalizing the flow of a liquid in a pump or other hydraulic
machine.
Air" cock` (#). A faucet to allow escape
of air.
Air"-drawn" (#), a. Drawn in
air; imaginary.
This is the air-drawn dagger.
Shak.
Air" drill` (#). A drill driven by the
elastic pressure of condensed air; a pneumatic drill.
Knight.
Air" engine` (#). An engine driven by
heated or by compressed air.
Knight.
Air"er (#), n. 1. One
who exposes to the air.
2. A frame on which clothes are aired or
dried.
Air" gas` (#). See under
Gas.
Air" gun` (#). A kind of gun in which the
elastic force of condensed air is used to discharge the ball. The
air is powerfully compressed into a reservoir attached to the
gun, by a condensing pump, and is controlled by a valve actuated
by the trigger.
<-- airhead -->
Air" hole` (#). 1. A hole to
admit or discharge air; specifically, a spot in the ice not
frozen over.
2. (Founding) A fault in a casting,
produced by a bubble of air; a blowhole.
Air"i*ly (#), adv. In an airy
manner; lightly; gaily; jauntily; fippantly.
Air"i*ness, n. 1. The state or
quality of being airy; openness or exposure to the air; as,
the airiness of a country seat.
2. Lightness of spirits; gayety; levity; as,
the airiness of young persons.
Air"ing (#), n. 1. A
walk or a ride in the open air; a short excursion for health's
sake.
2. An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming,
drying, etc.; as, the airing of linen, or of a
room.
Air" jack`et (#). A jacket having
air-tight cells, or cavities which can be filled with air, to
render persons buoyant in swimming.
Air"less (#), a. Not open to a
free current of air; wanting fresh air, or communication with the
open air.
Air" lev`el (#). Spirit level. See
Level.
Air"like` (#), a. Resembling
air.
Air"ling (#), n. A thoughtless,
gay person. [Obs.] \'bdSlight
airlings.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Air*om"e*ter (#), n.
[Air + -meter.] A hollow
cylinder to contain air. It is closed above and open below, and
has its open end plunged into water.
Air" pipe` (#). A pipe for the passage of
air; esp. a ventilating pipe.
Air" plant` (#). (Bot.) A
plant deriving its sustenance from the air alone; an
a\'89rophyte.
(Tillandsia),
many tropical orchids, and most mosses and lichens are air
plants. Those which are lodged upon trees, but not parasitic on
them, are epiphytes.
Air" poise` (#). [See
Poise.] A
Air" pump` (#). 1.
(Physics) A kind of pump for exhausting air from
a vessel or closed space; also, a pump to condense air of force
in into a closed space.
2. (Steam Engines) A pump used to
exhaust from a condenser the condensed steam, the water used for
condensing, and any commingled air.
Air" sac` (#). (Anat.) One of
the spaces in different parts. of the bodies of birds, which are
filled with air and connected with the air passages of the lungs;
an air cell.
Air" shaft` (#). A passage, usually
vertical, for admitting fresh air into a mine or a tunnel.
Air"-slacked` (#), a. Slacked,
or pulverized, by exposure to the air; as,
air-slacked lime.
Air" stove` (#). A stove for heating a
current of air which is directed against its surface by means of
pipes, and then distributed through a building.
Air"-tight` (#), a. So tight as
to be impermeable to air; as, an air-tight
cylinder.
Air"-tight`, n. A stove the draft of
which can be almost entirely shut off. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Air" ves`sel (#). A vessel, cell, duct,
or tube containing or conducting air; as the air
vessels of insects, birds, plants, etc.; the air
vessel of a pump, engine, etc. For the latter, see Air
chamber. The air vessels of insects are called
trache\'91, of plants spiral vessels.
{ Air"ward (#), Air"wards
(#), } adv. Toward the air;
upward. [R.]
Keats.
Air"y (#), a. 1.
Consisting of air; as, an airy substance; the
airy parts of bodies.
2. Relating or belonging to air; high in air;
a\'89rial; as, an airy flight. \'bdThe
airy region.\'b8
Milton.
3. Open to a free current of air; exposed to the
air; breezy; as, an airy situation.
4. Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not
material; airlike. \'bdAn airy spirit.\'b8
Shak.
5. Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate;
graceful; as, airy music.
6. Without reality; having no solid foundation;
empty; trifling; visionary. \'bdAiry fame.\'b8
Shak.
Empty sound, and airy notions.
Roscommon.
7. Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant;
superficial. \'bdMerry and airy.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
8. Having an affected manner; being in the habit of
putting on airs; affectedly grand. [Colloq.]
9. (Paint.) Having the light and
a\'89rial tints true to nature.
Elmes.
Aisle (#), n. [OF.
ele, F. aile, wing, wing of a building, L.
ala, contr. fr. axilla.]
(Arch.) (a) A lateral division of a
building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a
row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall
containing windows, called the clearstory wall.
(b) Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the
phrases, a church with three aisles, the middle
aisle. (c) Also (perhaps from
confusion with alley), a passage into which the pews
of a church open.
Aisled (#), a. Furnished with
an aisle or aisles.
Ais"less (#), a. Without an
aisle.
Ait (#), n. [AS. \'c6eg, \'c6g, island. See
Eyot.] An islet, or little isle, in a river
or lake; an eyot.
The ait where the osiers grew.
R. Hodges (1649).
Among green aits and meadows.
Dickens.
Ait (#), n. Oat.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Aitch (#), n. The letter
h or H.
Aitch"bone` (#), n. [For
nachebone. For loss of n, cf.
Adder. See Natch.] The bone of the
rump; also, the cut of beef surrounding this bone.
[Spelt also edgebone.]
Ai`ti*ol"o*gy (#), n. See
\'92tiology.
A*jar" (#), adv. [OE. on
char ajar, on the turn; AS. cerr,
cyrr, turn, akin to G. kehren to turn, and
to D. akerre. See Char.] Slightly
turned or opened; as, the door was standing
ajar.
A*jar" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + jar.] In a state of
discord; out of harmony; as, he is ajar with the
world.
A*jog" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + jog.] On the jog.
Aj"u*tage (#), n. [F.
ajutage, for ajoutage, fr.
ajouter to add, LL. adjuxtare, fr. L.
ad + juxta near to, nigh. Cf. Adjutage,
Adjustage, Adjust.] A tube through
which is water is discharged; an efflux tube; as, the
ajutage of a fountain.
Ake (#), n. & v. See
Ache.
A*kene" (#), n. (Bot.)
Same as Achene.
Ak"e*ton (#), n. [Obs.]
See Acton.
A*kim"bo (#), a. [Etymology
unknown. Cf. Kimbo.] With a crook or bend;
with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward. \'bdWith
one arm akimbo.\'b8
Irving.
A*kin" (#), a. [Pref.
a- (for of) + kin.]
1. Of the same kin; related by blood; -- used of
persons; as, the two families are near
akin.
2. Allied by nature; partaking of the same
properties; of the same kind. \'bdA joy akin to
rapture.\'b8
Cowper.
The literary character of the work is akin to its
moral character.
Jeffrey.
\'d8Ak`i*ne"si*a (#), n. [Gr.
(Med.)
Paralysis of the motor nerves; loss of movement.
Foster.
Ak`i*ne"sic (#), a.
(med.) Pertaining to akinesia.
A*knee" (#), adv. On the
knee. [R.]
Southey.
Ak*now" (#). Earlier form of
Acknow. [Obs.]
To be aknow, to acknowledge; to confess.
[Obs.]
Al (#), a. All.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al-. A prefix. (a) [AS.
eal.] All; wholly; completely; as,
almighty,almost. (b)
[L. ad.] To; at; on; -- in OF.
shortened to a-. See Ad-. (c)
The Arabic definite article answering to the English
the; as, Alkoran, the Koran or
the Book; alchemy, the
chemistry.
Al. conj. Although; if.
[Obs.] See All, conj.
\'d8A"la (#), n.; pl.
Al\'91 (#). [L., a wing.]
(Biol.) A winglike organ, or part.
Al`a*ba"ma pe"ri*od (#). (Geol.)
A period in the American eocene, the lowest in the tertiary
age except the lignitic.
Al"a*bas"ter (#), n. [L.
alabaster, Gr. Alabastron, the name of a town in Egypt, near which it
was common: cf. OF. alabastre, F.
alb\'83tre.] 1. (Min.)
(a) A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or
gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but
sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel
ornaments, etc. (b) A hard, compact variety
of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades
of color; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by Pliny. It
is sometimes distinguished as oriental
alabaster.
2. A box or vessel for holding odoriferous
ointments, etc.; -- so called from the stone of which it was
originally made.
Fosbroke.
Al`a*bas"tri*an (#), a.
Alabastrine.
Al`a*bas"trine (#), a. Of,
pertaining to, or like, alabaster; as alabastrine
limbs.
\'d8Al`a*bas"trum (#), n.; pl.
Alabastra (#). [NL.]
(Bot.) A flower bud.
Gray.
A*lack" (#), interj. [Prob.
from ah! lack! OE. lak loss, failure,
misfortune. See Lack.] An exclamation
expressive of sorrow. [Archaic. or Poet.]
Shak.
A*lack"a*day` (#), interj. [For
alack the day. Cf. Lackaday.] An
exclamation expressing sorrow.
alack the day\'b8 and
\'bdalack the heavy day.\'b8 Compare \'bdwoe worth the
day.\'b8
A*lac"ri*fy (#), v. t. [L.
alacer, alacris, lively +
-fly.] To rouse to action; to
inspirit.
A*lac"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
alacer, alacris.] Brisk;
joyously active; lively.
'T were well if we were a little more
alacrious.
Hammond.
A*lac"ri*ous*ly, adv. With alacrity;
briskly.
A*lac"ri*ous*ness, n. Alacrity.
[Obs.]
Hammond.
A*lac"ri*ty (#), n. [L.
alacritas, fr. alacer lively, eager, prob.
akin to Gr. aljan zeal.]
A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous
activity; briskness; sprightliness; as, the soldiers advanced
with alacrity to meet the enemy.
I have not that alacrity of spirit,
Nor cheer of mind that I was wont to have.
Shak.
A*lad"in*ist (#), n. [From
Aladin, for Ala Eddin, i. e.,
height of religion, a learned divine under Mohammed II. and
Bajazet II.] One of a sect of freethinkers among the
Mohammedans.
Al`a*lon"ga (#), or
Al`i*lon"ghi (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The tunny. See
Albicore.
\'d8A`la*mi"re (#), n.
[Compounded of a la mi re, names of notes in the
musical scale.] The lowest note but one in Guido
Aretino's scale of music.
Al`a*mo*dal"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being \'85 la mode; conformity to the mode
or fashion; fashionableness. [R.]
Southey.
Al"a*mode` (#), adv. & a. [F.
\'85 la mode after the fashion.] According
to the fashion or prevailing mode. \'bdAlamode
beef shops.\'b8
Macaulay.
Al"a*mode`, n. A thin, black silk for
hoods, scarfs, etc.; -- often called simply
mode.
Buchanan.
Al`a*mort" (#), a. [F.
\'85 la mort to the death. Cf. Amort.]
To the death; mortally.
A*lan" (#), n. [OF.
alan, alant; cf. Sp.
alano.] A wolfhound.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*land" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + land.] On land; to the
land; ashore. \'bdCast aland.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Al"a*nine (#), n.
[Aldehyde + the ending -ine. The
-n- is a euphonic insertion.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline base, C3H7NO2, derived
from aldehyde ammonia.<-- one of the amino acids found in
the protein of most living tissues -->
A*lan"tin (#), n. [G.
alant elecampane, the Inula helenium of
Linn\'91us.] (Chem.) See
Inulin.
A"lar (#), a. [L.
alarius, fr. ala wing: cf. F.
alaire.] 1. Pertaining to, or
having, wings.
2. (Bot.) Axillary; in the fork or
axil.
Gray.
<-- p. 36 -->
A*larm" (#), n. [F.
alarme, It. all' arme to arms ! fr. L.
arma, pl., arms. See Arms, and cf.
Alarum.] 1. A summons to arms, as on
the approach of an enemy.
Arming to answer in a night alarm.
Shak.
2. Any sound or information intended to give notice
of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a
warning of danger.
Sound an alarm in my holy mountain.
Joel ii. 1.
3. A sudden attack; disturbance; broil.
[R.] \'bdThese home alarms.\'b8
Shak.
Thy palace fill with insults and alarms.
Pope.
4. Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by
apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden
apprehension of being attacked by surprise.
Alarm and resentment spread throughout the
camp.
Macaulay.
5. A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons
from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum.
Alarm bell, a bell that gives notice on
danger. -- Alarm clock or
watch, a clock or watch which can be so set
as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from
sleep, or excite attention. -- Alarm gauge, a
contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the
pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too
low. -- Alarm post, a place to which troops
are to repair in case of an alarm.
Syn. -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension;
consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude.
-- Alarm, Fright, Terror,
Consternation. These words express different degrees of
fear at the approach of danger. Fright is fear
suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it
is unreflecting. Alarm is the hurried agitation of
feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme
exposure. Terror is agitating and excessive fear,
which usually benumbs the faculties. Consternation is
overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and
amazement. Alarm agitates the feelings;
terror disorders the understanding and affects the
will; fright seizes on and confuses the sense;
consternation takes possession of the soul, and
subdues its faculties. See Apprehension.
A*larm", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Alarmed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Alarming.] [Alarm,
n. Cf. F. alarmer.] 1. To call to
arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching
danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the
alert.
2. To keep in excitement; to disturb.
3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill
with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden
fear.
Alarmed by rumors of military preparation.
Macaulay.
A*larm"a*ble (#), a. Easily
alarmed or disturbed.
A*larmed" (#), a. Aroused to
vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger; agitated;
disturbed; as, an alarmed neighborhood; an
alarmed modesty.
The white pavilions rose and fell
On the alarmed air.
Longfellow.
A*larm"ed*ly (#), adv. In an
alarmed manner.
A*larm"ing, a. Exciting, or calculated
to excite, alarm; causing apprehension of danger; as, an
alarming crisis or report. -- A*larm"ing*ly,
adv.
A*larm"ist, n. [Cf. F.
alarmiste.] One prone to sound or excite
alarms, especially, needless alarms.
Macaulay.
A*lar"um (?; 277), n. [OE.
alarom, the same word as alarm, n.]
See Alarm. [Now Poetic]
alarum is now commonly
restricted to an alarm signal or the mechanism to sound an alarm
(as in an alarm clock.)
Al"a*ry (#), a. [L.
alarius, fr. ala wing.] Of or
pertaining to wings; also, wing-shaped.
The alary system of insects.
Wollaston.
A*las" (#), interj. [OE.
alas, allas, OF. alas, F.
h\'82las; a interj. (L. ah.) +
las wretched (that I am), L. lassus weary,
akin to E. late. See Late.] An
exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil;
-- in old writers, sometimes followed by day or
white; alas the day, like alack a
day, or alas the white.
A*late" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + late.] Lately; of
late. [Archaic]
There hath been alate such tales spread abroad.
Latimer.
{ A"late (#), A"la*ted
(#), } a. [L. alatus,
from ala wing.] Winged; having wings, or
side appendages like wings.
{ Al"a*tern (#), \'d8Al`a*ter"nus
(#), } n. [L. ala wing
+ terni three each.] (Bot.) An
ornamental evergreen shrub (Rhamnus alaternus)
belonging to the buckthorns.
A*la"tion (#), n. [F., fr. L.
alatus winged.] The state of being
winged.
A*launt" (#), n. See
Alan. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Alb (#), n. [OE.
albe, LL. alba, fr. L. albus
white. Cf. Album and Aube.] A
vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the
person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy
orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least
by clerics, in daily life.
Al"ba*core (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Albicore.
Al"ban (#), n. [L.
albus white.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline resinous substance extracted from gutta-percha by the
action of alcohol or ether.
Al*ba"ni*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey. --
n. A native of Albania.
\'d8Al*ba"ta (#), n. [L.
albatus, p. p. of albare to make white, fr.
albus white.] A white metallic alloy; which
is made into spoons, forks, teapots, etc. British plate or
German silver. See German silver, under
German.
Al"ba*tross (#), n. [Corrupt.
fr. Pg. alcatraz cormorant, albatross, or Sp.
alcatraz a pelican: cf. Pg. alcatruz, Sp.
arcaduz, a bucket, fr. Ar. al-q\'bedus the
bucket, fr. Gr. ka`dos, a water vessel. So an Arabic
term for pelican is water-carrier, as a
bird carrying water in its pouch.] (Zo\'94l.)
A web-footed bird, of the genus Diomedea, of
which there are several species. They are the largest of sea
birds, capable of long-continued flight, and are often seen at
great distances from the land. They are found chiefly in the
southern hemisphere.
{ Al`be", Al`bee" } (#),
conj. [See Albeit.] Although;
albeit. [Obs.]
Albe Clarissa were their chiefest founderess.
Spenser.
\'d8Al*be"do (#), n. [L., fr.
albus white.] Whiteness. Specifically:
(Astron.) The ratio which the light reflected from an
unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that
surface.
Al`be"it (#), conj. [OE.
al be although it be, where al is our
all. Cf. Although.] Even though;
although; notwithstanding.
Chaucer.
Albeit so masked, Madam, I love the truth.
Tennyson.
Al"bert*ite (#), n.
(Min.) A bituminous mineral resembling asphaltum,
found in the county of A.
Al"ber*type (#), n. [From the
name of the inventor, Albert, of Munich.] A
picture printed from a kind of gelatine plate produced by means
of a photographic negative.
Al*bes"cence (#), n. The act of
becoming white; whitishness.
Al*bes"cent (#), a. [L.
albescens, p. pr. of albescere to grow
white, fr. albus white.] Becoming white or
whitish; moderately white.
Al"bi*cant (#), a. [L.
albicans, p. pr. of albicare,
albicatum, to be white, fr. albus
white.] Growing or becoming white.
Al`bi*ca"tion (#), n. The
process of becoming white, or developing white patches, or
streaks.
Al"bi*core (#), n. [F.
albicore (cf. Sp. albacora, Pg.
albacor, albacora, albecora),
fr. Ar. bakr, bekr, a young camel, young
cow, heifer, and the article al: cf. Pg.
bacoro a little pig.] (Zo\'94l.)
A name applied to several large fishes of the Mackerel
family, esp. Orcynus alalonga. One species
(Orcynus thynnus), common in the Mediterranean and
Atlantic, is called in New England the horse
mackerel; the tunny. [Written also
albacore.]
Al`bi*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. albification: L. albus white +
ficare (only in comp.), facere, to
make.] The act or process of making white.
[Obs.]
{ Al`bi*gen"ses (#), \'d8
Al`bi`geois" (#), } n. pl.
[From Albi and Albigeois, a town and
its district in the south of France, in which the sect
abounded.] (Eccl. Hist.) A sect of
reformers opposed to the church of Rome in the 12th
centuries.
The Albigenses were a branch of the Catharists
(the pure). They were exterminated by crusades and the
Inquisition. They were distinct from the Waldenses.
Al`bi*gen"sian (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Albigenses.
Al*bi"ness (#), n. A female
albino.
Holmes.
Al"bi*nism (#), n. The state or
condition of being an albino: abinoism; leucopathy.
Al`bi*nis"tic (#), a. Affected
with albinism.
Al*bi"no (?; 277), n.; pl.
Albinos (#). [Sp. or Pg.
albino, orig. whitish, fr. albo white, L.
albus.] A person, whether negro, Indian, or
white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which
gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a
morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of
the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue
iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice,
elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the
absence of chlorophyll.
Amer. Cyc.
Al*bi"no*ism (#), n. The state
or condition of being an albino; albinism.
Al`bi*not"ic (#), a. Affected
with albinism.
Al"bi*on (#), n. [Prob. from
the same root as Gael. alp a height or hill. \'bdIt
may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white cliffs
visible from the coast of Gaul. Albany, the old name
of Scotland, means probably the \'bdhilly land.\'b8 I.
Taylor.] An ancient name of England, still
retained in poetry.
In that nook-shotten isle of Albion.
Shak.
Al"bite (#), n. [L.
albus white.] (Min.) A mineral
of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in
composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common
constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See
Feldspar.
Al"bo*lith (#), n. [L.
albus white + -lith.] A kind of
plastic cement, or artificial stone, consisting chiefly of
magnesia and silica; -- called also
albolite.
\'d8Al"bo*rak (?; 277), n. [Ar.
al-bur\'beq, fr. baraqa to
flash, shine.] The imaginary milk-white animal on
which Mohammed was said to have been carried up to heaven; a
white mule.
Al`bu*gin"e*ous (#), a. [See
Albugo.] Of the nature of, or resembling, the
white of the eye, or of an egg; albuminous; -- a term applied to
textures, humors, etc., which are perfectly white.
\'d8Al*bu"go (#), n.; pl.
Albugines (#). [L., whiteness, fr.
albus white.] (Med.) Same as
Leucoma.
Al"bum (#), n. [L., neut. of
albus white: cf. F. album. Cf.
Alb.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A
white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names,
etc.
2. A register for visitors' names; a visitors'
book.
3. A blank book, in which to insert autographs
sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.
Al*bu"men (#), n. [L., fr.
albus white.] 1. The white of an
egg.
2. (Bot.) Nourishing matter stored up
within the integuments of the seed in many plants, but not
incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury part in corn, wheat,
and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds, the fleshy part in
the cocoanut, etc.
3. (Chem.) Same as
Albumin.
Al*bu"men*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Albumenized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Albumenizing.] To cover or saturate
with albumen; to coat or treat with an albuminous solution;
as, to albuminize paper.
\'d8Al"bum Gr\'91"cum (#). [L., Greek
white.] Dung of dogs or hyenas, which becomes white by
exposure to air. It is used in dressing leather, and was formerly
used in medicine.
Al*bu"min (#), n. (Chem.)
A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief
and characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum
of blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and
solid, also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated
by heat ad by certain chemical reagents.
Acid albumin, a modification of albumin
produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by
heat. -- Alkali albumin, albumin as modified
by the action of alkaline substances; -- called also
albuminate.
Al*bu"mi*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A substance produced by the action of an
alkali upon albumin, and resembling casein in its properties;
also, a compound formed by the union of albumin with another
substance.
Al*bu`mi*nif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
albumen + -ferous.] Supplying
albumen.
Al*bu`mi*nim"e*ter (#), n. [L.
albumen, albuminis + -meter: cf. F.
albuminim\'8atre.] An instrument for
ascertaining the quantity of albumen in a liquid.
Al*bu"mi*nin (#), n.
(Chem.) The substance of the cells which inclose
the white of birds' eggs.
Al*bu`mi*nip"a*rous (#), a. [L.
albumen + parere to bear, bring forth.]
Producing albumin.
Al*bu"mi*noid (#), a. [L.
albumen + -oid.] (Chem.)
Resembling albumin. -- n. One
of a class of organic principles (called also
proteids) which form the main part of
organized tissues.<-- = protein. -->
Brunton.
Al*bu`mi*noid"al (#), a.
(Chem.) Of the nature of an albuminoid.
Al*bu"mi*nose` (#), n.
(Chem.) A diffusible substance formed from
albumin by the action of natural or artificial gastric juice. See
Peptone.
<-- *note* this term is used in this dictionary in the sense now
expressed as "proteinaceous" -->
{ Al*bu"mi*nous (#),
Al*bu"mi*nose` (#), } a.
[Cf. F. albumineux.] Pertaining to, or
containing, albumen; having the properties of, or resembling,
albumen or albumin. --
Al*bu"mi*nous*ness, n.
\'d8Al*bu`mi*nu"ri*a (#), n.
[NL., fr. L. albumen + Gr.
(Med.) A morbid condition in which albumin is
present in the urine.
Al"bu*mose` (#), n. [From
albumin.] (Chem.) A compound or
class of compounds formed from albumin by dilute acids or by an
acid solution of pepsin. Used also in combination, as
antialbumose, hemialbumose.
Al"burn (#), n. [L.
alburnus, fr. L. albus white. Cf.
Auburn.] (Zo\'94l.) The bleak, a
small European fish having scales of a peculiarly silvery color
which are used in making artificial pearls.
Al*bur"nous (#), a. Of or
pertaining to alburnum; of the alburnum; as,
alburnous substances.
Al*bur"num (#), n. [L., fr.
albus white.] (Bot.) The white
and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wood
or duramen; sapwood.
Al"byn (#), n. [See
Albion.] Scotland; esp. the Highlands of
Scotland.
T. Cambell.
Al*cade" (#), n. Same as
Alcaid.
Al"ca*hest (#), n. Same as
Alkahest.
Al*ca"ic (#), a. [L.
Alca\'8bcus, Gr. Pertaining to
Alc\'91us, a lyric poet of Mitylene, about 6000 b. c. --
n. A kind of verse, so called from Alc\'91us. One
variety consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a
long syllable, and two dactyls.
\'d8Al*caid", Al*cayde"
(#), n. [Sp. alcaide,
fr. Ar. al-q\'be\'c6d governor, fr.
q\'beda to lead, govern.] 1. A
commander of a castle or fortress among the Spaniards,
Portuguese, and Moors.
2. The warden, or keeper of a jail.
\'d8Al*cal"de (#), n. [Sp.
alcalde, fr. Ar. al-q\'bed\'c6
judge, fr. qada to decide, judge. Hence, the
cadi of the Turks. Cf. Cadi.] A
magistrate or judge in Spain and in Spanish America, etc.
Prescott.
Alcaid.
Al`ca*lim"e*ter, n. See
Alkalimeter.
\'d8Al*can"na (#), n. [Sp.
alcana, alhe, fr. Ar.
al-hinn\'be. See Henna, and cf.
Alkanet.] (Bot.) An oriental shrub
(Lawsonia inermis) from which henna is obtained.
\'d8Al`car*ra"za (#), n.; pl.
Alcarrazas. (#) [Sp., from Ar.
al-kurr\'bez earthen vessel.] A
vessel of porous earthenware, used for cooling liquids by
evaporation from the exterior surface.
<-- p. 37 -->
\'d8Al*cayde" (#), n. Same as
Alcaid.
\'d8Al*ca"zar (#), n. [ fr. Ar.
al the + qacr (in pl.) a castle.]
A fortress; also, a royal palace.
Prescott.
\'d8Al*ce"do (#), n. [L.,
equiv. to Gr. Halcyon.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of perching birds, including
the European kingfisher (Alcedo ispida). See
Halcyon.
{ Al*chem"ic (#), Al*chem"ic*al
(#), } a. [Cf. F.
alchimique.] Of or relating to
alchemy.
Al*chem"ic*al*ly, adv. In the manner of
alchemy.
Al"che*mist (#), n. [Cf. OF.
alquemiste, F. alchimiste.] One
who practices alchemy.
You are alchemist; make gold.
Shak.
{ Al`che*mis"tic (#),
Al`che*mis"tic*al (#), } a.
Relating to or practicing alchemy.
Metaphysical and alchemistical legislators.
Burke.
Al"che*mis*try (#), n.
Alchemy. [Obs.]
Al"che*mize (#), v. t. To
change by alchemy; to transmute.
Lovelace.
Al"che*my (#), n. [OF.
alkemie, arquemie, F. alchimie,
Ar. al-k\'c6m\'c6a, fr. late Gr. alquimia, It. alchimia. Gr. fundere to pour, Goth.
guitan, AS. ge\'a2tan, to pour, and so to
E. fuse. See Fuse, and cf.
Chemistry.] 1. An imaginary art
which aimed to transmute the baser metals into gold, to find the
panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It led the way to
modern chemistry.
2. A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly
used for various utensils; hence, a trumpet.
[Obs.]
Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy.
Milton.
3. Miraculous power of transmuting something common
into something precious.
Kissing with golden face the meadows green,
Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy.
Shak.
Al*chym"ic (#), a.,
Al"chy*mist (#), n.,
Al`chy*mis"tic (#), a.,
Al"chy*my (#), n. See
Alchemic, Alchemist, Alchemistic,
Alchemy.
\'d8Al"co (#), n. A small South
American dog, domesticated by the aborigines.
{ Al"co*ate (#), Al"co*hate
(#), } n. Shortened forms of
Alcoholate.
Al"co*hol (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp.
alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp.
alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a
powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The
name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in
Arabia. The Sp. word has bot meanings. Cf.
Alquifou.] 1. An impalpable
powder. [Obs.]
2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by
distillation. [Obs.]
Boyle.
3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified
spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the
spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled
liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable
quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various
vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have
undergone vinous fermentation.
alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl
alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol
(proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol
and 54.5 per cent of water.
4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds
analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking,
they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the
radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol
(C2H5OH); methyl forms methyl
alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood
spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol
(C5H11.OH) or fusel oil,
etc.
Al"co*hol*ate (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcolaie.] (Chem.) A
crystallizable compound of a salt with alcohol, in which the
latter plays a part analogous to that of water of
crystallization.
Graham.
Al`co*hol"a*ture (#), n. [Cf.
F. alcoolature.] (Med.) An
alcoholic tincture prepared with fresh plants.
New Eng. Dict.
Al`co*hol"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
alcolique.] Of or pertaining to alcohol, or
partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol;
containing alcohol; as, alcoholic mixtures;
alcoholic gastritis; alcoholic odor.
Al`co*hol"ic, n. 1. A person
given to the use of alcoholic liquors.
2. pl. Alcoholic liquors.
Al"co*hol*ism (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcoolisme.] (Med.) A diseased
condition of the system, brought about by the continued use of
alcoholic liquors.
Al`co*hol`i*za"tion (#), n.
[Cf. F. alcoolisation.] 1.
The act of reducing a substance to a fine or impalpable
powder. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. The act rectifying spirit.
3. Saturation with alcohol; putting the animal
system under the influence of alcoholic liquor.
Al"co*hol*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alcoholized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alcoholizing.] [Cf. F.
alcooliser.] 1. To reduce to a
fine powder. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to
saturate with alcohol.
{ Al`co*hol*om"e*ter (#),
Al`co*hol"me*ter (#), } n.
[Alcohol + -meter.]
(Chem.) An instrument for determining the
strength of spirits, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the
percentage of pure alcohol, either by weight or volume. It is
usually a form of hydrometer with a special scale.
Al`co*hol`o*met"ric (#),
Al`co*hol`o*met"ric*al (#),
Al`co*hol*met"ric*al (#), a.
Relating to the alcoholometer or alcoholometry.
The alcoholometrical strength of spirituous
liquors.
Ure.
Al`co*hol"om"e*try (#), n. The
process or method of ascertaining the proportion of pure alcohol
which spirituous liquors contain.
Al`co*hom"e*ter (#), n.,
Al`co*ho*met"ric, a. Same as
Alcoholometer, Alcoholometric.
Al`co*\'94m"e*try (#), n.
See Alcoholometry.
alcom\'8atre,
alcoom\'8atrie, doubtless by the suppression of a
syllable in order to avoid a disagreeable sequence of sounds.
(Cf. Idolatry.)
Littr\'82.
Al"co*ran (?; 277), n.
[ets>alcoran, fr. Ar.
al-qor\'ben, orig. the reading, the book,
fr. qaraa to read. Cf. Koran.] The
Mohammedan Scriptures; the Koran (now the usual form).
[Spelt also Alcoran.]
Al`co*ran"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Koran.
Al`co*ran"ist, n. One who adheres to the
letter of the Koran, rejecting all traditions.
Al"cove (?; 277), n. [F.
alc\'93ve, Sp. or Pg. alcoba, from Ar.
al-quobbah arch, vault, tent.]
1. (Arch.) A recessed portion of a room,
or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess
to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library.
2. A small ornamental building with seats, or an
arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower.
Cowper.
3. Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or
recess in an apartment.
The youthful wanderers found a wild alcove.
Falconer.
Al"cy*on (#), n. See
Halcyon.
\'d8Al`cy*o*na"ce*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which Alcyonium is the
type. See Illust. under Alcyonaria.
\'d8Al`cy*o*na"ri*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of
Anthozoa. It includes the Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, and
Gorgonacea.
\'d8Al*cy"o*nes (#), n. pl.
[L., pl. of Alcyon.] (Zo\'94l.)
The kingfishers.
Al`cy*on"ic (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Alcyonaria.
\'d8Al`cy*o"ni*um (#), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of fleshy
Alcyonaria, its polyps somewhat resembling flowers with eight
fringed rays. The term was also formerly used for certain species
of sponges.
Al"cy*o*noid (#), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
pertaining to the Alcyonaria. -- n.
A zo\'94phyte of the order Alcyonaria.
Al"day (#), adv.
Continually. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al*deb"a*ran (#), n. [Ar.
al-debar\'ben, fr. dabar to follow; so
called because this star follows upon the Pleiades.]
(Astron.) A red star of the first magnitude,
situated in the eye of Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright
star in the group called the Hyades.
Now when Aldebaran was mounted high
Above the shiny Cassiopeia's chair.
Spenser.
Al"de*hyde (#), n. [Abbrev. fr.
alcohol dehydrogenatum, alcohol deprived of
its hydrogen.] (Chem.) A colorless, mobile,
and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain of
oxidation.
aldehydes are intermediate between
the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having
two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common
aldehyde (called also acetic
aldehyde or ethyl aldehyde),
C2H4O; methyl aldehyde,
CH2O.
Aldehyde ammonia (Chem.), a
compound formed by the union of aldehyde with ammonia.
Al`de*hy"dic (#), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to aldehyde; as,
aldehydic acid.
Miller.
Al"der (#), n. [OE.
aldir, aller, fr. AS. alr,
aler, alor, akin to D. els, G.
erle, Icel. erlir, erli, Swed.
al, Dan. elle, el, L.
alnus, and E. elm.] (Bot.)
A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the
genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the
bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are
usually shrubs or small trees.
Black alder. (a) A European shrub
(Rhamnus frangula); Alder buckthorn. (b)
An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata),
bearing red berries.
{ Al"der (#), Al"ler
(#), } a. [From ealra,
alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The d
is excrescent.] Of all; -- used in composition;
as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest,
wisest of all. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al`der-lief"est (#), a. [For
allerliefest dearest of all. See Lief.]
Most beloved. [Obs.]
Shak.
Al"der*man (#), n.; pl.
Aldplwmen (#). [AS.
aldormon, ealdorman; ealdor an
elder + man. See Elder, n.]
1. A senior or superior; a person of rank or
dignity. [Obs.]
Alderman of all England; and there were
aldermen of cities, counties, and castles, who had
jurisdiction within their respective districts.
3. One of a board or body of municipal officers
next in order to the mayor and having a legislative function.
They may, in some cases, individually exercise some magisterial
and administrative functions.
Al"der*man*cy (#), n. The
office of an alderman.
Al"der*man"ic (#), a. Relating
to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic of an
alderman.
Al`der*man"i*ty (#), n. 1.
Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen.
2. The state of being an alderman.
[Jocular]
Al`der*man*like` (#), a. Like
or suited to an alderman.
Al"der*man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or
like, an alderman.
Al"der*man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or
like, an alderman. \'bdAn aldermanly
discretion.\'b8
Swift.
Al"der*man*ry (#), n. 1.
The district or ward of an alderman.
2. The office or rank of an alderman.
[R.]
B. Jonson.
Al"der*man*ship, n. The condition,
position, or office of an alderman.
Fabyan.
Al"dern (#), a. Made of
alder.
Al"der*ney (#), n. One of a
breed of cattle raised in Alderney, one of the Channel Islands.
Alderneys are of a dun or tawny color and are often called
Jersey cattle. See Jersey, 3.
Al"dine (?; 277), a.
(Bibliog.) An epithet applied to editions
(chiefly of the classics) which proceeded from the press of
Aldus Manitius, and his family, of Venice, for the
most part in the 16th century and known by the sign of the anchor
and the dolphin. The term has also been applied to certain
elegant editions of English works.
Ale (#), n. [AS.
ealu, akin to Icel., Sw., and Dan. \'94l,
Lith. alus a kind of beer, OSlav. ol
beer. Cf. Ir. ol drink, drinking.] 1.
An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by
fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops.
ale, in England and the United
States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor,
and the word beer a lighter kind. The word
beer is also in common use as the generic name for all
malt liquors.
2. A festival in English country places, so called
from the liquor drunk. \'bdAt wakes and
ales.\'b8 B. Jonson.\'bdOn ember eves and
holy ales.\'b8 Shak.
A*leak" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + leak.] In a leaking
condition.
A"le*a*to*ry (#), a. [L.
aleatorius, fr. alea chance, die.]
(Law) Depending on some uncertain contingency;
as, an aleatory contract.
Bouvier.
Ale"bench` (#), n. A bench in
or before an alehouse.
Bunyan.
Ale"ber`ry (#), n. [OE.
alebery, alebrey; ale + bre
broth, fr. AS. br\'c6w pottage.] A
beverage, formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and
sops of bread.
Their aleberries, caudles, possets.
Beau. & Fl.
A*lec"i*thal (#), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Applied to those
ova which segment uniformly, and which have little or no food
yelk embedded in their protoplasm.
Balfour.
Ale"con`ner (#), n.
[/Ale + con, OE. cunnen to
test, AS. cunnian to test. See Con.]
Orig., an officer appointed to look to the goodness of ale
and beer; also, one of the officers chosen by the liverymen of
London to inspect the measures used in public houses. But the
office is a sinecure. [Also called aletaster.]
[Eng.]
Ale"cost` (#), n.
[Ale + L. costus an aromatic plant:
cf. Costmary.] (Bot.) The plant
costmary, which was formerly much used for flavoring ale.
\'d8Al`ec*tor"i*des (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
A group of birds including the common fowl and the
pheasants.
A*lec`to*rom"a*chy (#), n. [Gr.
Cockfighting.
A*lec"to*ro*man`cy (#), n. See
Alectryomancy.
A*lec`try*om'a*chy (#), n. [Gr.
Cockfighting.
A*lec"try*o*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
-mancy.] Divination by means of
a cock and grains of corn placed on the letters of the alphabet,
the letters being put together in the order in which the grains
were eaten.
Amer. Cyc.
A*lee" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + lee.] (Naut.) On
or toward the lee, or the side away from the wind; the opposite
of aweather. The helm of a ship is alee
when pressed close to the lee side.
Hard alee, or Luff alee,
an order to put the helm to the lee side.
Al"e*gar (#), n.
[Ale + eager sour, F.
aigre. Cf. Vinegar.] Sour ale;
vinegar made of ale.
Cecil.
Al"e*ger (#), a. [F.
all\'8agre, earlier al\'8agre, fr. L.
alacer.] Gay; cheerful; sprightly.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
A*legge" (#), v. t. [OE.
aleggen, alegen, OF. alegier, F.
all\'82ger, fr. LL. alleviare, for L.
allevare to lighten; ad + levis light. Cf.
Alleviate, Allay, Allege.]
To allay or alleviate; to lighten. [Obs.]
That shall alegge this bitter blast.
Spenser.
Ale"hoof` (#), n. [AS.
h ground ivy; the first part is perh. a
corruption: cf. OE. heyhowe hedgehove, <-- p. 38 -->
ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. heyhowe,
heyoue, haihoue, halehoue.\'b8
[Prior]. Ground ivy (Nepeta
Glechoma).
Ale"house` (#), n. A house
where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house.
Macaulay.
Ale"-knight` (#), n. A pot
companion. [Obs.]
Al`e*man"nic (#), a. Belonging
to the Alemanni, a confederacy of warlike German tribes.
Al`e*man"nic, n. The language of the
Alemanni.
The Swabian dialect . . . is known as the
Alemannic.
Amer. Cyc.
A*lem"bic (#), n. [F.
alambic (cf. Sp. alambique), Ar.
al-anb\'c6q, fr. Gr. alembic proper. Cf.
Limbec.] An apparatus formerly used in
distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given
place to the retort and worm still.
Used also metaphorically.
The alembic of a great poet's imagination.
Brimley.
A*lem"broth (#), n. [Origin
uncertain.] The salt of wisdom of the
alchemists, a double salt composed of the chlorides of ammonium
and mercury. It was formerly used as a stimulant.
Brande & C.
A`len`con" lace" (#). See under
Lace.
A*length" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + length.] At full length;
lenghtwise.
Chaucer.
A*lep"i*dote, a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Not having
scales. -- n. A fish without
scales.
Ale"pole` (#), n. A pole set up
as the sign of an alehouse. [Obs.]
A*lert" (#), a. [F.
alerte, earlier \'85 l'erte on the watch,
fr. It. all' erta on the watch, prop. (standing) on a
height, where one can look around; erta a declivity,
steep, erto steep, p. p. of ergere,
erigere, to erect, raise, L. erigere. See
Erect.] 1. Watchful; vigilant;
active in vigilance.
2. Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity.
An alert young fellow.
Addison.
Syn. -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.
A*lert", n. (Mil.) An alarm
from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle
sound to give warning. \'bdWe have had an
alert.\'b8
Farrow.
On the alert, on the lookout or watch against
attack or danger; ready to act.
A*lert"ly, adv. In an alert manner;
nimbly.
A*lert"ness, n. The quality of being
alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity.
Ale" sil`ver (#). A duty payable to the
lord mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city.
Ale"stake (#), n. A stake or
pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse, as a sign;
an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a bunch
of leaves, or a \'bdbush.\'b8 [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ale"tast`er (#), n. See
Aleconner. [Eng.]
A*le`thi*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
-logy.] The science which
treats of the nature of truth and evidence.
Sir W. Hamilton.
A*leth"o*scope (#), n. [Gr. An instrument for viewing
pictures by means of a lens, so as to present them in their
natural proportions and relations.
A*leu"ro*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
-mancy: cf. F.
aleuromancie.] Divination by means of
flour.
Encyc. Brit.
Al`eu*rom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
-meter.] An instrument for
determining the expansive properties, or quality, of gluten in
flour.
Knight.
A*leu"rone (#), n. [Gr. (Bot.) An albuminoid substance
which occurs in minute grains (\'bdprotein granules\'b8) in
maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a modification of
protoplasm.
Al`eu*ron"ic (#), a.
(Bot.) Having the nature of aleurone.
D. C. Eaton.
{ A*leu"tian (#), A*leu"tic
(#), } a. [Said to be from the
Russ. aleut a bold rock.] Of or pertaining
to a chain of islands between Alaska and Kamtchatka; also,
designating these islands.
Al"e*vin (#), n. [F.
alevin, OF. alever to rear, fr. L. ad
+ levare to raise.] Young fish; fry.
A*lew" (#), n. Halloo.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ale"wife` (#), n.; pl.
Alewives (#). A woman who keeps an
alehouse.
Gay.
Ale"wife`, n.; pl.
Alewives. [This word is properly
aloof, the Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the
culture of maize in America, \'bdPhil Trans.\'b8 No. 142, p.
1065, and Baddam's \'bdMemoirs,\'b8 vol. ii. p. 131.]
(Zo\'94l.) A North American fish (Clupea
vernalis) of the Herring family. It is called also
ellwife, ellwhop,
branch herring. The name is locally applied to
other related species.
Al`ex*an"ders (#),
Al`i*san"ders (#), n.
[OE. alisaundre, OF. alissandere, fr.
Alexander or Alexandria.]
(Bot) A name given to two species of the genus
Smyrnium, formerly cultivated and used as celery now
is; -- called also horse parsely.
Al`ex*an"dri*an (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; as, the
Alexandrian library.
2. Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See
Alexandrine, n.
Al`ex*an"drine (?; 277), a.
Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian.
Bancroft.
Al`ex*an"drine (#), n. [F.
alexandrin.] A kind of verse consisting in
English of twelve syllables.
The needless Alexandrine ends the song,
That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along.
Pope.
{ A*lex`i*phar"mac (#),
A*lex`i*phar"ma*cal (#), } a. &
n. [See Alexipharmic.]
Alexipharmic. [Obs.]
{ A*lex`i*phar"mic (#),
A*lex`i*phar"mic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. alexipharmaque.]
(Med.) Expelling or counteracting poison;
antidotal.
A*lex`i*phar"mic (#), n.
(Med.) An antidote against poison or infection; a
counterpoison.
A*lex`i*py*ret"ic (#), a. [Gr.
(Med.)
Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile. --
n. A febrifuge.
{ A*lex`i*ter"ic (#),
A*lex`i*ter"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. alexit\'8are.]
(med.) Resisting poison; obviating the effects of
venom; alexipharmic.
A*lex`i*ter"ic, n. [Gr. alexit\'8are, LL.
alexiterium.] (Med.) A
preservative against contagious and infectious diseases, and the
effects of poison in general.
Brande & C.
\'d8Al"fa (#) or Al"fa grass"
(#), n. A plant (Macrochloa
tenacissima) of North Africa; also, its fiber, used in
paper making.
Al*fal"fa (#), n. [Sp.]
(Bot.) The lucern (Medicago sativa);
-- so called in California, Texas, etc.
Al"fe*nide (#), n.
(Metal.) An alloy of nickel and silver
electroplated with silver.
\'d8Al*fe"res (#), n. [Sp., fr.
Ar. al-f\'bers knight.] An ensign; a
standard bearer. [Obs.]
J. Fletcher.
Al"fet, n. [LL. alfetum, fr.
AS. \'belf\'91t a pot to boil in; \'bel
burning + f\'91t vat.] A caldron of boiling
water into which an accused person plunged his forearm as a test
of innocence or guilt.
\'d8Al*fil`a*ri"a (#), n.
(Bot.) The pin grass (Erodium
cicutarium), a weed in California.
\'d8Al`fi*o"ne (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An edible marine fish of California
(Rhacochilus toxotes).
\'d8Al*fres"co (#), adv. & a.
[It. al fresco in or on the fresh.] In
the open-air.
Smollett.
\'d8Al"ga (#), n.; pl.
Alg\'91 (#). [L., seaweed.]
(Bot.) A kind of seaweed; pl. the
class of cellular cryptogamic plants which includes the black,
red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse, sea lettuce, also marine
and fresh water conferv\'91, etc.
Al"gal (#), a., (Bot.)
Pertaining to, or like, alg\'91.
\'d8Al`ga*ro"ba (#), n. [Sp.
algarroba, fr. Ar. al-kharr. Cf.
Carob.] (Bot.) (a) The
Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also, its
edible beans or pods, called St. John's bread.
(b) The Honey mesquite (Prosopis
juliflora), a small tree found from California to Buenos
Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable gum, resembling
gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Texas and Mexico.
{ Al"ga*rot (#), Al"ga*roth
(#), } n. [F. algaroth,
fr. the name of the inventor, Algarotti.]
(Med.) A term used for the Powder of Algaroth, a
white powder which is a compound of trichloride and trioxide of
antimony. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic,
purgative, and diaphoretic.
\'d8Al`ga*ro*vil"la (#), n. The
agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South American
tree (Inga Marth\'91). It is valuable for tanning
leather, and as a dye.
{ Al"gate (#), Al"gates
(#), } adv. [All +
gate way. The s is an adverbial ending. See
Gate.] 1. Always; wholly;
everywhere. [Obs.]
Ulna now he algates must forego.
Spenser.
2. By any or means; at all events.
[Obs.]
Fairfax.
3. Notwithstanding; yet. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al"ga*zel` (#), n. [Ar.
al the + ghaz\'bel.]
(Zo\'94l.) The true gazelle.
Al"ge*bra (#), n. [LL.
algebra, fr. Ar. al-jebr reduction of parts
to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. jabara
to bind together, consolidate; al-jebr
w'almuq\'bebalah reduction and comparison (by equations):
cf. F. alg\'8abre, It. & Sp.
algebra.] 1. (Math.)
That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and
properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It
is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of
magnitude.
2. A treatise on this science.
{ Al`ge*bra"ic (#),
Al`ge*bra"ic*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of
algebra, or deduced from such operation; as,
algebraic characters; algebraical
writings.
Algebraic curve, a curve such that the
equation which expresses the relation between the co\'94rdinates
of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra;
-- opposed to a transcendental curve.
Al`ge*bra"ic*al*ly, adv. By algebraic
process.
Al"ge*bra`ist (#), n. One
versed in algebra.
Al"ge*bra*ize (#), v. t. To
perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.
Al*ge"ri*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Algeria. -- n. A native of
Algeria.
Al`ge*rine" (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Algiers or Algeria.
Al`ge*rine", n. A native or one of the
people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a pirate.
Al"gid (#), a. [L.
algidus cold, fr. algere to be cold: cf. F.
algide.] Cold; chilly.
Bailey.
Algid cholera (Med.), Asiatic
cholera.
Al*gid"i*ty (#), n. Chilliness;
coldness; especially (Med.), coldness and
collapse.
Al"gid*ness (#), n.
Algidity. [Obs.]
Al*gif"ic (#), a. [L.
algificus, fr. algus cold +
facere to make.] Producing cold.
Al"goid (#), a. [L. alga +
-oid.] Of the nature of, or resembling, an
alga.
Al"gol (#), n. [Ar.
al-gh destruction, calamity, fr.
gh\'bela to take suddenly, destroy.]
(Astron.) A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the
constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in
brightness.
Al`go*log"ic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to algology; as, algological
specimens.
Al*gol"o*gist (#), n. One
learned about alg\'91; a student of algology.
Al*gol"o*gy (#), n. [L.
alga seaweed + -logy.]
(Bot.) The study or science of alg\'91 or
seaweeds.
{ Al*gon"quin (#), Al*gon"kin
(#), } n. One of a widely spread
family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly
occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America.
The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north
of the River St. Lawrence.
\'d8Al"gor (#), n. [L.]
(Med.) Cold; chilliness.
{ Al"go*rism (#), Al"go*rithm
(#), } n. [OE.
algorism, algrim, augrim, OF.
algorisme, F. algorithme (cf. Sp.
algoritmo, OSp. alguarismo, LL.
algorismus), fr. the Ar.
al-Khow\'berezm\'c6 of Khow\'berezm, the
modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Mus\'be, author
of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was
translated into Latin, such books bearing the name
algorismus. The spelling with th is due to
a supposed connection with Gr. 1.
The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.
2. The art of calculating with any species of
notation; as, the algorithms of fractions,
proportions, surds, etc.
Al"gous (#), a. [L.
algosus, fr. alga seaweed.] Of
or pertaining to the alg\'91, or seaweeds; abounding with, or
like, seaweed.
\'d8Al`gua*zil" (#) (#), n.
[Sp. alguacil, fr. Ar. alwaz\'c6r the
vizier. Cf. Vizier.] An inferior officer of
justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a constable.
Prescott.
Al"gum (#), n. Same as
Almug (and etymologically preferable).
2 Chron. ii. 8.
Al*ham"bra (#), n. [Ultimately
fr. Ar. al the + hamr\'be red;
i. e., the red (sc.
house).] The palace of the Moorish kings at
Granada.
{ Al`ham*bra"ic (#),
Al`ham*bresque" (?; 277), } a.
Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the
ornamentation in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine
exhibition of Saracenic or Arabesque architecture.
\'d8Al*hen"na (#), n. See
Henna.
A"li*as (#), adv. [L., fr.
alius. See Else.] (Law)
(a) Otherwise; otherwise called; -- a term used in
legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who
has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause
doubtful; as, Smith, alias Simpson.
(b) At another time.
A"li*as, n.; pl. Aliases
(#). [L., otherwise, at another time.]
(Law) (a) A second or further writ which
is issued after a first writ has expired without effect.
(b) Another name; an assumed name.
Al"i*bi (#), n. [L., elsewhere,
at another place. See Alias.] (Law)
The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial
for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another
place when the alleged act was committed; as, to set up an
alibi; to prove an alibi.
Al`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. Quality
of being alible.
Al"i*ble (#), a. [L.
alibilis, fr. alere to nourish.]
Nutritive; nourishing.
Al"i*cant (#), n. A kind of
wine, formerly much esteemed; -- said to have been made near
Alicant, in Spain.
J. Fletcher.
Al"i*dade (#), n. [LL.
alidada, alhidada, fr. Ar.
al-'id\'beda a sort of rule: cf. F.
alidade.] The portion of a graduated
instrument, as a quadrant or astrolabe, carrying the sights or
telescope, and showing the degrees cut off on the arc of the
instrument
Whewell.
Al"ien (#), a. [OF.
alien, L. alienus, fr. alius
another; properly, therefore, belonging to another. See
Else.] 1. Not belonging to the same
country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects
thereof; foreign; as, alien subjects, enemies,
property, shores.
2. Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse;
inconsistent (with); incongruous; -- followed by
from or sometimes by to; as, principles
alien from our religion.
An alien sound of melancholy.
Wordsworth.
Alien enemy (Law), one who owes
allegiance to a government at war with ours.
Abbott.
Al"ien, n. 1. A foreigner; one
owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a
foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses
the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See
Alienage.
2. One excluded from certain privileges; one
alienated or estranged; as, aliens from God's
mercies.
Aliens from the common wealth of Israel.
Ephes. ii. 12.
Al"ien, v. t. [F. ali\'82ner,
L. alienare.] To alienate; to estrange; to
transfer, as property or ownership. [R.]
\'bdIt the son alien lands.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of
. . . the marriage.
Clarendon.
Al`ien*a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Capability of being alienated. \'bdThe
alienability of the domain.\'b8
Burke.
Al"ien*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
ali\'82nable.] Capable of being alienated,
sold, or transferred to another; as, land is
alienable according to the laws of the state.
Al"ien*age (#), n. [Cf. OF.
ali\'82nage.] 1. The state or
legal condition of being an alien.
alienage are
removable by naturalization or by special license from the State
of residence, and in some of the United States by declaration of
intention of naturalization.
Kent. Wharton.
Estates forfeitable on account of alienage.
Story.
2. The state of being alienated or transferred to
another.
Brougham.
<-- p. 39 -->
Al"ien*ate (#), a. [L.
alienatus, p. p. of alienare, fr.
alienus. See Alien, and cf.
Aliene.] Estranged; withdrawn in affection;
foreign; -- with from.
O alienate from God.
Milton.
Al"ien*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alienated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alienating.] 1. To convey or
transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part
voluntarily with ownership of.
2. To withdraw, as the affections; to make
indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted;
to estrange; to wean; -- with from.
The errors which . . . alienated a loyal gentry and
priesthood from the House of Stuart.
Macaulay.
The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the
more alienates him from the realities of the
present.
I. Taylor.
Al"ien*ate (#), n. A stranger;
an alien. [Obs.]
Al`ien*a"tion (#), n. [F.
ali\'82nation, L. alienatio, fr.
alienare, fr. alienare. See
Alienate.] 1. The act of alienating,
or the state of being alienated.
2. (Law) A transfer of title, or a legal
conveyance of property to another.
3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the
affections.
The alienation of his heart from the king.
Bacon.
4. Mental alienation; derangement of the mental
faculties; insanity; as, alienation of
mind.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration;
mania; delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See
Insanity.
Al"ien*a"tor (#), n. One who
alienates.
Al*iene (#), v. t. To alien or
alienate; to transfer, as title or property; as, to
aliene an estate.
Al"ien*ee" (#), n. (Law)
One to whom the title of property is transferred; -- opposed
to alienor.
It the alienee enters and keeps possession.
Blackstone.
Al"ien*ism (#), n. 1.
The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage.
The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability
of alienism.
Kent.
2. The study or treatment of diseases of the
mind.
Al"ien*ist (#), n. [F.
ali\'82niste.] One who treats diseases of
the mind.
Ed. Rev.
Al`ien*or" (#), n. [OF.
ali\'82neur.] One who alienates or
transfers property to another.
Blackstone.
{ Al`i*eth"moid (#),
Al`i*eth*moid"al (#), } a.
[L. ala wing + E. ethomoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid
bone or
A*life" (#), adv. [Cf.
lief dear.] On my life; dearly.
[Obs.] \'bdI love that sport alife.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
A*lif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
ala wing + -ferous.] Having
wings, winged; aligerous. [R.]
Al"i*form (#), a. [L.
ala wing + -form.] Wing-shaped;
winglike.
A*lig"er*ous (#), a. [L.
aliger; ala wing + gerere to
carry.] Having wings; winged. [R.]
A*light" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Alighted
(#) sometimes Alit (#); p. pr. &
vb. n. Alighting.] [OE.
alihten, fr. AS. \'bel\'c6htan; pref.
\'be- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-,
orig. meaning out) + l\'c6htan, to alight,
orig. to render light, to remove a burden from, fr.
l\'c6ht, leoht, light. See Light,
v. i.] 1. To spring down, get
down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to
dismount.
2. To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop;
as, a flying bird alights on a tree; snow
alights on a roof.
3. To come or chance (upon).
[R.]
A*light", a. [Pref. a- +
light.] Lighted; lighted up; in a
flame. \'bdThe lamps were alight.\'b8
Dickens.
A*lign" (#), v. t. [F.
aligner; \'85 (L. ad) +
ligne (L. linea) line. See Line,
and cf. Allineate.] To adjust or form to a
line; to range or form in line; to bring into line; to
aline.
A*lign", v. t. To form in line; to fall
into line.
A*lign"ment (#), n. [F.
alignement.] 1. The act of
adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of
being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line
of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation
of troops or of a squadron.
2. (Engin.) The ground-plan of a railway
or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile.
A*like" (#), a. [AS.
onl\'c6c, gel\'c6c; pref. \'be +
like.] Having resemblance or similitude;
similar; without difference. [Now used only predicatively.]
The darkness and the light are both alike to
thee.
Ps. cxxxix. 12.
A*like", adv. [AS. gel\'c6ce,
onl\'c6ce.] In the same manner, form, or
degree; in common; equally; as, we are all alike
concerne.
A*like"-mind`ed (#), a.
Like-minded. [Obs.]
Al"i*ment (#), n. [L.
alimentum, fr. alere to nourish; akin to
Goth. alan to grow, Icel. ala to nourish:
cf. F. aliment. See Old.] 1.
That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds
or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries
of life generally: sustenance; means of support.
Aliments of thei
Bacon.
2. An allowance for maintenance.
[Scot.]
Al"i*ment, v. t. 1. To nourish;
to support.
2. To provide for the maintenance of.
[Scot.]
Al`i*men"tal (#), a. Supplying
food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing the materials
for natural growth; as, alimental sap.
A`li*men"tal*ly, adv. So as to serve for
nourishment or food; nourishing quality.
Sir T. Browne.
Al`i*men"ta*ri*ness (#), n. The
quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality.
[R.]
Al`i*men"ta*ry (#), a. [L.
alimentarius, fr. alimentum: cf. F.
alimentaire.] Pertaining to aliment or
food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental;
as, alimentary substances.
Alimentary canal, the entire channel,
extending from the mouth to the anus, by which aliments are
conveyed through the body, and the useless parts
ejected.
Al`i*men*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. alimentation, LL. alimentatio.]
1. The act or process of affording nutriment; the
function of the alimentary canal.
2. State or mode of being nourished.
Bacon.
Al`i*men"tive*ness (#), n. The
instinct or faculty of appetite for food. [Chiefly
in Phrenol.]
Al`i*mo"ni*ous (#), a.
Affording food; nourishing. [R.]
\'bdAlimonious humors.\'b8
Harvey.
Al"i*mo*ny (#), n. [L.
alimonia, alimonium, nourishment,
sustenance, fr. alere to nourish.] 1.
Maintenance; means of living.
2. (Law) An allowance made to a wife out
of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her
divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the
same.
Wharton. Burrill.
Al`i*na"sal (#), a. [L.
ala wing + E. nasal.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to expansions of the nasal
bone or cartilage.
A*line" (#), v. t. To range or
place in a line; to bring into line; to align.
Evelyn.
A*lin`e*a"tion (#), n. See
Allineation.
A*line"ment (#), n. Same as
Alignment.
[The Eng. form alinement is preferable to
alignment, a bad spelling of the French].
New Eng. Dict. (Murray).
A*lin"er (#), n. One who
adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line.
Evelyn.
Al"i*oth (#), n. [Ar.
aly\'bet the tail of a fat sheep.]
(Astron.) A star in the tail of the Great Bear,
the one next the bowl in the Dipper.
Al"i*ped (#), a. [L.
alipes; ala wing + pes,
pedis, foot: cf. F. alip\'8ade.]
(Zo\'94l.) Wing-footed, as the bat. --
n. An animal whose toes are connected
by a membrane, serving for a wing, as the bat.
Al"i*quant (#), a. [L.
aliquantus some, moderate; alius other +
quantus how great: cf. F. aliquante.]
(Math.) An aliquant part of a number
or quantity is one which does not divide it without leaving a
remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquant part of 16. Opposed
to aliquot.
Al"i*quot (#), a. [L.
aliquot some, several; alius other +
quot how many: cf. F. aliquote.]
(Math.) An aliquot part of a number or
quantity is one which will divide it without a remainder; thus, 5
is an aliquot part of 15. Opposed to
aliquant.
Al`i*sep"tal (#), a. [L.
ala wing + E. septal.]
(Anat.) Relating to expansions of the nasal
septum.
Al"ish (#), a. Like ale;
as, an alish taste.
{ Al`i*sphe"noid (#),
Al`i*sphe*noid"al (#), } a.
[L. ala wing + E. sphenoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to or forming the wing of the
sphenoid; relating to a bone in the base of the skull, which in
the adult is often consolidated with the sphenoid; as,
alisphenoid bone; alisphenoid canal.
Al`i*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.)
The alisphenoid bone.
Al"i*trunk (#), n. [L.
ala wing + truncus trunk.]
(Zo\'94l.) The segment of the body of an insect
to which the wings are attached; the thorax.
Kirby.
Al`i*tur"gic*al (#), a. [Pref.
a- + liturgical.] (Eccl.)
Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not
offered.
Shipley.
\'d8A`li*un"de (#), adv. & a.
[L.] (Law) From another source; from
elsewhere; as, a case proved aliunde; evidence
aliunde.
A*live" (#), a. [OE. on
live, AS. on l\'c6fe in life; l\'c6fe
being dat. of l\'c6f life. See Life, and cf.
Live, a.] 1. Having life,
in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in
which the organs perform their functions; as, an animal or a
plant which is alive.
2. In a state of action; in force or operation;
unextinguished; unexpired; existent; as, to keep the fire
alive; to keep the affections alive.
3. Exhibiting the activity and motion of many
living beings; swarming; thronged.
The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was alive with
muskets and green boughs.
Macaulay.
4. Sprightly; lively; brisk.
Richardson.
5. Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having
lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive.
Tremblingly alive to nature's laws.
Falconer.
6. Of all living (by way of emphasis).
Northumberland was the proudest man alive.
Clarendon.
Used colloquially as an intensive; as, man
alive!
Alive always follows the noun which it
qualifies.
\'d8A`li*za"ri (#), n. [Perh.
fr. Ar. 'a juice extracted from a plant, fr.
'a to press.] (Com.) The
madder of the Levant.
Brande & C.
A*liz"a*rin (#), n. [F.
alizarine, fr. alizari.]
(Chem.) A coloring principle,
C14H6O2(OH)2, found in madder, and now produced
artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.
Al"ka*hest (#), n. [LL.
alchahest, F. alcahest, a word that has an
Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by
Paracelsus.] The fabled \'bduniversal solvent\'b8 of
the alchemists; a menstruum capable of dissolving all
bodies. -- Al`ka*hes"tic (#),
a.
Al`kal*am"ide (#), n.
[Alkali + amide.]
(Chem.) One of a series of compounds that may be
regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been
replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or
radicals.
{ Al`ka*les`cence (#),
Al`ka*les"cen*cy (#), } n.
A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance
in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to
predominant.
Ure.
Al`ka*les"cent (#), a. [Cf. F.
alcalescent.] Tending to the properties of
an alkali; slightly alkaline.
Al"ka*li (?; 277), n.; pl.
Alkalis or Alkalies (#). [F.
alcali, ultimately fr. Ar. alqal\'c6 ashes
of the plant saltwort, fr. qalay to roast in a pan,
fry.] 1. Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic
potash, etc.
2. (Chem.) One of a class of caustic
bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose
distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water,
uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming
salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and
changing reddened litmus to blue.
Fixed alkalies, potash and soda. --
Vegetable alkalies. Same as
Alkaloids. -- Volatile alkali,
ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed
alkalies.
Al"ka*li*fi`a*ble (#), a. [Cf.
F. alcalifiable.] Capable of being
alkalified, or converted into an alkali.
Al"ka*li*fy (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alkalified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alkalifying.] [Alkali +
-fly: cf. F. alcalifier.] To
convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to.
Al"ka*li*fy, v. i. To become changed
into an alkali.
Al`ka*lim"e*ter (#), n.
[Alkali + -meter. cf. F.
alcalim\'8atre.] An instrument to ascertain
the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in a
mixture.
{ Al`ka*li*met"ric (#),
Al`ka*li*met"ric*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to alkalimetry.
Al`ka*lim"e*try (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcalim\'8atrie.] (Chem.) The
art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the
quantity present in alkaline mixtures.
Al"ka*line (?; 277), a. [Cf. F.
alcalin.] Of or pertaining to an alkali or
to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali.
Alkaline earths, certain substances, as lime,
baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities
of alkalies. -- Alkaline metals, potassium,
sodium, c\'91sium, lithium, rubidium. -- Alkaline
reaction, a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the
action on limits, turmeric, etc.
Al`ka*lin"i*ty (#), n. The
quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property.
Thomson.
Al*ka"li*ous (#), a.
Alkaline. [Obs.]
Al"ka*li*zate (#), a.
Alkaline. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Al"ka*li**zate (#), v. t. To
alkalizate. [R.]
Johnson.
Al`ka*li*za"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. alcalisation.] The act rendering
alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a conferring of alkaline
qualities.
Al"ka*lize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alkalized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Alkalizing
(#).] [Cf. F.
alcaliser.] To render alkaline; to
communicate the properties of an alkali to.
{ Al"ka*loid (#), Al`ka*loid"al
(#), } a. [Alkali +
-oid: cf. F. alcalo\'8bde.]
Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali.
Al"ka*loid (#), n.
(Chem.) An organic base, especially one of a
class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of
plants and the bodies of animals.
Alcaloids all contain nitrogen, carbon,
and hydrogen, and many of them also contain oxygen. They include
many of the active principles in plants; thus, morphine and
narcotine are alkaloids found in opium.
Al"ka*net (#), n. [Dim. of Sp.
alcana, alhe, in which al is
the Ar. article. See Henna, and cf.
Orchanet.] 1. (Chem.) A
dyeing matter extracted from the roots of Alkanna
tinctoria, which gives a fine deep red color.
2. (Bot.) (a) A boraginaceous
herb (Alkanna tinctoria) yielding the dye;
orchanet. (b) The similar plant Anchusa
officinalis; bugloss; also, the American puccoon.
Al*kar"gen (#), n.
[Alkarsin + oxygen.]
(Chem.) Same as Cacodylic acid.
Al*kar"sin (#), n.
[Alkali + arsenic +
-in.] (Chem.) A spontaneously
inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of
cacodyl and its oxidation products; -- called also
Cadel's fuming liquid.
Al*ka"zar (#). See Alcazar.
Al`ke*ken"gi (#), n. [Cf. F.
alk\'82kenge, Sp. alquequenje, ultimately
fr. Ar. al-k\'bekanj a kind of resin from
Herat.] (Bot.) An herbaceous plant of the
nightshade family (Physalis alkekengi) and its fruit,
which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely
inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; -- also called winter
cherry, ground cherry, and strawberry
tomato.
D. C. Eaton.
Al*ker"mes (#), n. [Ar.
al-qirmiz kermes. See
Kermes.] (Old Pharmacy) A compound
cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its name from the
kermes insect, its principal ingredient.
Al"ko*ran (?; 277), n. The
Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as Alcoran and
Koran.
Al`ko*ran"ic (#), a. Same as
Alcoranic.
Al`ko*ran"ist, n. Same as
Alcoranist.
All (#), a. [OE. al,
pl. alle, AS. eal, pl. ealle,
Northumbrian alle, akin to D. & OHG. al,
Ger. all, Icel. allr. Dan. al,
Sw. all, Goth. alls; and perh. to Ir. and
Gael. uile, W. oll.] 1.
The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or
degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every;
as, all the wheat; all the land;
all the year; all the strength; all
happiness; all abundance; loss of all power;
beyond all doubt; you will see us all (or all
of us).
Prove all things: hold fast that which is good.
1 Thess. v. 21.
2. Any. [Obs.] \'bdWithout
all remedy.\'b8
Shak.
all qualifies, all precedes the article or
the pronoun; as, all the cattle; all my
labor; all his wealth; all our families;
all your citizens; all their property;
all other joys.
This word, not only in popular language, but in the
Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or
number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt
died, all Judea and all the region round
about Jordan, all men held John as a prophet, are not
to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large
part, or very great numbers.
3. Only; alone; nothing but.
I was born to speak all mirth and no matter.
Shak.
All the whole, the whole (emphatically).
[Obs.] \'bdAll the whole
army.\'b8
Shak.
All, adv. 1. Wholly;
completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; as,
all bedewed; my friend is all for
amusement. \'bdAnd cheeks all pale.\'b8
Byron.
<-- p. 40 -->
all too dear,
all too much, all so long, etc., this word
retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive.
2. Even; just. (Often a mere intensive
adjunct.) [Obs. or Poet.]
All as his straying flock he fed.
Spenser.
A damsel lay deploring
All on a rock reclined.
Gay.
All to, All-to.
In such phrases as \'bdall to rent,\'b8
\'bdall to break,\'b8 \'bdall-to
frozen,\'b8 etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old
authors, the all and the to have commonly
been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning
to entirely, completely,
altogether. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in
the word all (as it does in \'bdall
forlorn,\'b8 and similar expressions), and the to
properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive
prefix (orig. meaning asunder and answering to the LG.
ter-, HG. zer-). It is frequently to be met
with in old books, used without the all. Thus Wyclif
says, \'bdThe vail of the temple was to rent:\'b8 and
of Judas, \'bdHe was hanged and to-burst the
middle:\'b8 i. e., burst in two, or asunder. --
All along. See under Along. --
All and some, individually and collectively, one
and all. [Obs.] \'bdDispleased all and
some.\'b8 Fairfax. -- All but.
(a) Scarcely; not even. [Obs.]
Shak. (b) Almost; nearly. \'bdThe
fine arts were all but proscribed.\'b8
Macaulay. -- All hollow, entirely,
completely; as, to beat any one all
hollow. [Low] -- All one,
the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same
thing. -- All over, over the whole extent;
thoroughly; wholly; as, she is her mother all
over. [Colloq.] -- All the
better, wholly the better; that is, better by the whole
difference. -- All the same,
nevertheless. \'bdThere they [certain phenomena] remain
rooted all the same, whether we recognize them or
not.\'b8 J. C. Shairp. \'bdBut Rugby is a very nice
place all the same.\'b8 T. Arnold. -- See also
under All, n.
All (#), n. The whole number,
quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or
concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or
every person; as, our all is at stake.
Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to
all.
Shak.
All that thou seest is mine.
Gen. xxxi. 43.
All is used with of, like a partitive;
as, all of a thing, all of us.
After all, after considering everything to the
contrary; nevertheless. -- All in all, a
phrase which signifies all things to a person, or
everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly;
altogether.
Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee,
Forever.
Milton.
Trust me not at all, or all in all.
Tennyson.
-- All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase
denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind,
so as to shake. -- All told, all counted; in
all. -- And all, and the rest; and everything
connected. \'bdBring our crown and all.\'b8
Shak. -- At all. (a) In every
respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] \'bdShe is
a shrew at al(l).\'b8 Chaucer. (b)
A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually
in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying in
any way or respect; in the least degree or to
the least extent; in the least; under any
circumstances; as, he has no ambition at all; has
he any property at all? \'bdNothing at all. \'b8
Shak. \'bdIt thy father at all miss me.\'b8
1 Sam. xx. 6. -- Over all,
everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.
All is much used in composition to
enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances,
it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant
is dropped, as in almighty, already,
always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb
prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen,
as, all-bountiful, all-glorious,
allimportant, all-surrounding, etc. In
others it is an adjective; as, allpower,
all-giver. Anciently many words, as,
alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded
with all, which are now written separately.
All, conj. [Orig. all, adv.,
wholly: used with though or if, which being
dropped before the subjunctive left all as if in the
sense although.] Although; albeit.
[Obs.]
All they were wondrous loth.
Spenser.
\'d8Al`la bre"ve (#). [It., according to
the breve.] (Old Church Music)
With one breve, or four minims, to measure, and
sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; --
indicated in the time signature by
\'d8Al"lah (#), n. [ contr. fr.
the article al the + ilah God.]
The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and
the Mohammedans generally.
All`-a-mort" (#), a. See
Alamort.
Al"lan*ite (#), n. [From T.
Allan, who first distinguished it as a species.]
(min.) A silicate containing a large amount of
cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to
epidote in form and composition.
Al`lan*to"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
allanto\'8bque.] Pertaining to, or
contained in, the allantois.
Allantoic acid. (Chem.) See
Allantoin.
{ Al*lan"toid (#), Al`lan*toid"al
(#), } a. [Gr. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the allantois.
\'d8Al`lan*toid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of
Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes
reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Al*lan"to*in (#), n.
(Chem.) A crystalline, transparent, colorless
substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; --
formerly called allantoic acid and amniotic
acid.
{ \'d8Al*lan"to*is (#),
Al*lan"toid (#), } n..
(Anat.) A membranous appendage of the embryos of
mammals, birds, and reptiles, -- in mammals serving to connect
the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle.
Al"la*trate (#), v. i. [L.
allatrare. See Latrate.] To bark
as a dog. [Obs.]
Stubbes.
Al*lay" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allayed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Allaying.] [OE. alaien,
aleggen, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to,
AS. \'belecgan; \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ lecgan to lay; but confused with old forms of
allege, alloy, alegge. See
Lay.] 1. To make quiet or put at
rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; as, to
allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult
of the passions.
2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to
allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of
adversity.
It would allay the burning quality of that fell
poison.
Shak.
Syn. -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease;
abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See
Alleviate.
Al*lay" (#), v. t. To diminish
in strength; to abate; to subside. \'bdWhen the rage
allays.\'b8
Shak.
Al*lay", n. Alleviation; abatement;
check. [Obs.]
Al*lay", n. Alloy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al*lay", v. t. To mix (metals); to mix
with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate.
[Archaic]
Fuller.
Al*lay"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, allays.
Al*lay"ment (#), n. An
allaying; that which allays; mitigation.
[Obs.]
The like allayment could I give my grief.
Shak.
Al"le*cret (#), n. [OF.
alecret, halecret,
hallecret.] A kind of light armor used in
the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss.
Fairholt.
Al*lect" (#), v. t. [L.
allectare, freq. of allicere,
allectum.] To allure; to entice.
[Obs.]
Al`lec*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
allectatio.] Enticement; allurement.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Al*lec"tive (#), a. [LL.
allectivus.] Alluring.
[Obs.]
Al*lec"tive, n. Allurement.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Al*ledge" (#), v. t. See
Allege. [Obs.]
abridge,
was once the prevailing one.
Al`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
allegatio, fr. allegare,
allegatum, to send a message, cite; later, to free by
giving reasons; ad + legare to send, commission. Cf.
Allege and Adlegation.] 1.
The act of alleging or positively asserting.
2. That which is alleged, asserted, or declared;
positive assertion; formal averment
I thought their allegation but reasonable.
Steele.
3. (Law) A statement by a party of what
he undertakes to prove, -- usually applied to each separate
averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved.
Al*lege" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alleged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alleging.] [OE. aleggen to
bring forward as evidence, OF. esligier to buy, prop.
to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL.
exlitigare; L. ex + litigare to quarrel,
sue (see Litigate). The word was confused with L.
allegare (see Allegation), and lex
law. Cf. Allay.] 1. To bring forward
with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; as, to
allege a fact.
2. To cite or quote; as, to allege the
authority of a judge. [Archaic]
3. To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse;
as, he refused to lend, alleging a resolution
against lending.
Syn. -- To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce;
declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate.
Al*lege", v. t. [See
Allay.] To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden
or a trouble. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Al*lege"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being alleged or affirmed.
The most authentic examples allegeable in the
case.
South.
Al*lege"ance (#), n.
Allegation. [Obs.]
Al*lege"ment (#), n.
Allegation. [Obs.]
With many complaints and allegements.
Bp. Sanderson.
Al*leg"er (#), n. One who
affirms or declares.
Al*legge" (#), v. t. See
Alegge and Allay. [Obs.]
Al*le"giance (#), n. [OE.
alegeaunce; pref. a- + OF. lige,
liege. The meaning was influenced by L.
ligare to bind, and even by lex, legis,
law. See Liege, Ligeance.] 1.
The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject
owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to
one's king, government, or state.
2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance
to science.
Syn. -- Loyalty; fealty. --
Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree
in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the
\'bdpowers that be.\'b8 Allegiance is an obligation to
a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment
towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any
form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of
allegiance to the government, to the state, etc. In
well conducted monarchies, loyalty is a warm-hearted
feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is
personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the
loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her
allegiance. In cases where we personify,
loyalty is more commonly the word used; as,
loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the
cause of virtue; loyalty to truth and religion,
etc.
Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me!
Shak.
So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . .
Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,
His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal.
Milton.
Al*le"giant (#), a.
Loyal.
Shak.
{ Al`le*gor"ic (#),
Al`le*gor"ic*al (#), } a.
[F. all\'82gorique, L. allegorius, fr.
Gr. Allegory.] Belonging to, or
consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing
by resemblances; figurative. \'bdAn allegoric
tale.\'b8 Falconer. \'bdAn allegorical
application.\'b8 Pope.
Allegorical being . . . that kind of language which
says one thing, but means another.
Max Miller.
Al`le*gor"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Al`le*gor"ic*al*ness, n.
Al"le*go*rist (#), n. [Cf. F.
allegoriste.] One who allegorizes; a writer
of allegory.
Hume.
Al`le*gor"i*za"tion (#), n. The
act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an
allegorical sense.
Al"le*go*rize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allegorized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Allegorizing.] [Cf. F.
all\'82goriser, fr. L. allegorizare.]
1. To form or turn into allegory; as, to
allegorize the history of a people.
2. To treat as allegorical; to understand in an
allegorical sense; as, when a passage in a writer may
understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a
figurative sense is said to allegorize it.
Al"le*go*rize, v. t. To use
allegory.
Holland.
Al"le*go*ri`zer (#), n. One who
allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist.
Al"le*go*ry (#), n.; pl.
Allegories (#). [L.
allegoria, Gr. all\'82gorie.] 1. A figurative
sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is
described by another subject resembling it in its properties and
circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we
are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by
the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.
2. Anything which represents by suggestive
resemblance; an emblem.
3. (Paint. & Sculpt.) A figure
representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly
conveyed by the object painted or sculptured.
Syn. -- Metaphor; fable. -- Allegory,
Parable. \'bdAn allegory differs both from
fable and parable, in that the properties of persons
are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they
are as it were transferred. . . . A figure of Peace and Victory
crowning some historical personage is an allegory.
\'bdI am the Vine, ye are the branches\'b8 [John xv.
1-6] is a spoken allegory. In the
parable there is no transference of properties. The
parable of the sower [Matt. xiii. 3-23]
represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the
allegory quoted above the properties of the vine and
the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of
Christ and His apostles and disciples.\'b8
C. J. Smith.
An allegory is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's
\'bdPilgrim's Progress\'b8 and Spenser's \'bdFa\'89rie Queene\'b8
are celebrated examples of the allegory.
\'d8Al`le`gresse" (#), n. [F.
all\'82gresse, fr. L. alacer
sprightly.] Joy; gladsomeness.
\'d8Al`le*gret"to (#), a. [It.,
dim. of allegro.] (Mus.) Quicker
than andante, but not so quick as
allegro. -- n. A movement in
this time.
\'d8Al*le"gro (#), a. [It.,
merry, gay, fr. L. alacer lively. Cf.
Aleger.] (Mus.) Brisk,
lively. -- n. An allegro movement;
a quick, sprightly strain or piece.
{ Al`le*lu"ia, Al`le*lu"iah }
(#), n. [L. alleluia, Gr.
hall-y\'beh. See
Hallelujah.] An exclamation signifying
Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of praise to God. See
Hallelujah, the commoner form.
I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying,
Alleluia.
Rev. xix. 1.
\'d8Al"le*mande" (#), n. [F.,
fr. allemand German.] 1.
(Mus.) A dance in moderate twofold time, invented
by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; -- now mostly found in
suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel.
2. A figure in dancing.
Al`le*man"nic (#), a. See
Alemannic.
Al*len"ar*ly (#), adv.
[All + anerly singly, fr.
ane one.] Solely; only.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Al"ler (#), a. [For
ealra, the AS. gen. pl. of eal all.]
Same as Alder, of all. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Al*le"ri*on (#), n. [F.
al\'82rion, LL. alario a sort of eagle; of
uncertain origin.] (Her.) Am eagle without
beak or feet, with expanded wings.
Burke.
Al*le"vi*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alleviated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Alleviating.] [LL.
alleviare, fr. L. ad + levis light. See
Alegge, Levity.] 1. To
lighten or lessen the force or weight of.
[Obs.]
Should no others join capable to alleviate the
expense.
Evelyn.
Those large bladders . . . conduce much to the
alleviating of the body [of flying birds].
Ray.
2. To lighten or lessen (physical or mental
troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; as, to
alleviate sorrow, pain, care, etc. ; -- opposed to
aggravate.
The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much
alleviated by giving the use of letters.
Bp. Horsley.
3. To extenuate; to palliate.
[R.]
He alleviates his fault by an excuse.
Johnson.
Syn. -- To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage;
abate; relieve; nullify; allay. -- To
Alleviate, Mitigate, Assuage,
Allay. These words have in common the idea of relief
from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in
their application, according to the image under which this idea
is presented. Alleviate supposes a load which is
lightened or taken off; as, to alleviate one's
cares. Mitigate supposes something fierce which
is made mild; as, to mitigate one's anguish.
Assuage supposes something violent which is quieted;
as, to assuage one's sorrow. Allay
supposes something previously excited, but now brought down;
as, to allay one's suffering or one's thirst.
To alleviate the distresses of life; to
mitigate the fierceness of passion or the violence of
grief; to assuage angry feeling; to allay
wounded sensibility.
Al*le`vi*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
alleviatio.] 1. The act of
alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation;
relief.
<-- p. 41 -->
2. That which mitigates, or makes more
tolerable.
I have not wanted such alleviations of life as
friendship could supply.
Johnson.
Al*le"vi*a*tive (#), a. Tending
to alleviate. -- n. That which
alleviates.
Al*le"vi*a`tor (#), n. One who,
or that which, alleviaties.
Al*le"vi*a*to*ry (#), a.
Alleviative.
Carlyle.
Al"ley (#), n.; pl.
Alleys (#). [OE. aley,
alley, OF. al\'82e, F. all\'82e,
a going, passage, fr. OE. aler, F. aller,
to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. anar, It.
andare, Sp. andar.] 1.
A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden
or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered
way.
I know each lane and every alley green.
Milton.
2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct
from a public street.
Gay.
3. A passageway between rows of pews in a
church.
4. (Persp.) Any passage having the
entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the
appearance of length.
5. The space between two rows of compositors'
stands in a printing office.
Al"ley, n.; pl. Alleys
(#). [A contraction of alabaster,
of which it was originally made.] A choice taw or
marble.
Dickens.
Al"leyed (#), a. Furnished with
alleys; forming an alley. \'bdAn alleyed
walk.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Al"ley*way` (#) n. An
alley.
All" Fools' Day` (#). The first day of
April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced.
The first of April, some do say,
Is set apart for All Fools' Day.
Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).
All`fours" (#). [All + four
(cards).] A game at cards, called \'bdHigh, Low, Jack,
and the Game.\'b8
All` fours" [formerly, All` four".]
All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms
of a person.
To be, go, or
run, on all fours (Fig.), to be
on the same footing; to correspond (with) exactly; to
be alike in all the circumstances to be considered.
\'bdThis example is on all fours with the other.\'b8
\'bdNo simile can go on all fours.\'b8
Macaulay.
All` hail" (#). [All +
hail, interj.] All health; -- a
phrase of salutation or welcome.
All`-hail", v. t. To salute; to
greet. [Poet.]
Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from
the king, who all-hailed me \'bdThane of
Cawdor.\'b8
Shak.
All`hal"lond (#), n.
Allhallows. [Obs.]
Shak.
{ All`hal"low (#), All`hal"lows
(#), } n. 1. All the
saints (in heaven). [Obs.]
2. All Saints' Day, November 1st.
[Archaic]
<-- All Hallows Eve = Halloween, Dec. 31 st. -->
All`hal"low (#). The evening before
Allhallows. See Halloween.
All`hal"low*mas (#), n. The
feast of All Saints.
All`hal"lown (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the time of Allhallows. [Obs.]
\'bdAllhallown summer.\'b8 Shak. (i. e.,
late summer; \'bdIndian Summer\'b8).
All`hal"low*tide` (#), n. [AS.
t\'c6d time.] The time at or near All
Saints, or November 1st.
All"heal (#), n. A name
popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some other
plants.
Al*li"a*ble (#), a. Able to
enter into alliance.
Al`li*a"ceous (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the genus Allium, or garlic, onions,
leeks, etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions.
Al*li"ance (#), n. [OE.
aliaunce, OF. aliance, F.
alliance, fr. OF. alier, F.
allier. See Ally, and cf. LL.
alligantia.] 1. The state of being
allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of
interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially
between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or
league; as, matrimonial alliances; an
alliance between church and state; an alliance
between France and England.
2. Any union resembling that of families or states;
union by relationship in qualities; affinity.
The alliance of the principles of the world with
those of the gospel.
C. J. Smith.
The alliance . . . between logic and
metaphysics.
Mansel.
3. The persons or parties allied.
Udall.
Syn. -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy;
confederation; league; coalition.
Al*li"ance, v. t. To connect by
alliance; to ally. [Obs.]
Al*li"ant (#), n. [Cf. F.
alliant, p. pr.] An ally; a
confederate. [Obs. & R.]
Sir H. Wotton.
{ Al"lice, Al"lis } (#),
n. (Zo\'94l.) The European shad
(Clupea vulgaris); allice shad. See
Alose.
Al*li"cien*cy (#), n.
Attractive power; attractiveness. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Al*li"cient (#), a. [L.
alliciens, p. pr. of allicere to allure;
ad + lacere to entice.] That attracts;
attracting. -- n. That
attracts. [Rare or Obs.]
Al*lied" (#), a. United;
joined; leagued; akin; related. See Ally.
Al*li*gate (#), v. t. [L.
alligatus, p. p. of alligare. See
Ally.] To tie; to unite by some tie.
Instincts alligated to their nature.
Sir M. Hale.
Al`li*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
alligatio.] 1. The act of tying
together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being
attached. [R.]
2. (Arith.) A rule relating to the
solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of
different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or
values.
Alligation is of two kinds, medial and
alternate; medial teaching the method of
finding the price or quality of a mixture of several simple
ingredients whose prices and qualities are known;
alternate, teaching the amount of each of several
simple ingredients whose prices or qualities are known, which
will be required to make a mixture of given price or
quality.
Al"li*ga`tor (#), n. [Sp.
el lagarto the lizard (el lagarto de
Indias, the cayman or American crocodile), fr. L.
lacertus, lacerta, lizard. See
Lizard.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to
America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile,
and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper
jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of
the southern United States, there are allied species in South
America.
2. (Mech.) Any machine with strong jaws,
one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator;
as, (a) (Metal Working) a form of
squeezer for the puddle ball; (b)
(Mining) a rock breaker; (c)
(Printing) a kind of job press, called also
alligator press.
Alligator apple (Bot.), the fruit
of the Anona palustris, a West Indian tree. It is said
to be narcotic in its properties. Loudon. --
Alligator fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine
fish of northwestern America (Podothecus
acipenserinus). -- Alligator gar
(Zo\'94l.), one of the gar pikes (Lepidosteus
spatula) found in the southern rivers of the United States.
The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes. --
Alligator pear (Bot.), a corruption of
Avocado pear. See Avocado. --
Alligator snapper, Alligator
tortoise, Alligator turtle
(Zo\'94l.), a very large and voracious turtle
(Macrochelys lacertina) in habiting the rivers of the
southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two
hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the
name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and
many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given
to other turtles, as to species of Trionyx. --
Alligator wood, the timber of a tree of the West
Indies (Guarea Swartzii).
Al*lign"ment (#), n. See
Alignment.
Al*lin"e*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ad + lineatus, p. p. of lineare to draw a
line.] To align. [R.]
Herschel.
{ Al*lin`e*a"tion (#),
A*line`e*a"tion (#), } n.
Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets
with the sun.
Whewell.
The allineation of the two planets.
C. A. Young.
Al*li"sion (#), n. [L.
allisio, fr. allidere, to strike or dash
against; ad + laedere to dash against.] The
act of dashing against, or striking upon.
The boisterous allision of the sea.
Woodward.
Al*lit"er*al (#), a. Pertaining
to, or characterized by alliteration.
Al*lit"er*ate (#), v. t. To
employ or place so as to make alliteration.
Skeat.
Al*lit"er*ate, v. i. To compose
alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.
Al*lit`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
ad + litera letter. See Letter.]
The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or
more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short
intervals; as in the following lines: -
Behemoth, biggest born of earth, upheaved
His vastness.
Milton.
Fly o'er waste fens and windy fields.
Tennyson.
alliteration. Anglo-Saxon
poetry is characterized by alliterative meter of this sort. Later
poets also employed it.
In a somer seson whan soft was the sonne,
I shope me in shroudes as I a
shepe were.
P. Plowman.
Al*lit"er*a*tive (?; 277), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, alliteration; as,
alliterative poetry. --
Al*lit"er*a*tive*ly, adv. --
Al*lit"er*a*tive*ness, n.
Al*lit"er*a`tor (#), n. One who
alliterates.
\'d8Al"li*um (#), n. [L.,
garlic.] (bot.) A genus of plants,
including the onion, garlic, leek, chive, etc.
All"mouth` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The angler.
All"ness (#), n. Totality;
completeness. [R.]
The allness of God, including his absolute
spirituality, supremacy, and eternity.
R. Turnbull.
All"night` (#), n. Light, fuel,
or food for the whole night. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Al"lo*cate (#), v. t. [LL.
allocatus, p. p. of allocare, fr. L.
ad + locare to place. See Allow.]
1. To distribute or assign; to allot.
Burke.
2. To localize. [R.]
Al`lo*ca"tion (#), n. [LL.
allocatio: cf. F. allocation.]
1. The act of putting one thing to another; a
placing; disposition; arrangement.
Hallam.
2. An allotment or apportionment; as, an
allocation of shares in a company.
The allocation of the particular portions of
Palestine to its successive inhabitants.
A. R. Stanley.
3. The admission of an item in an account, or an
allowance made upon an account; -- a term used in the English
exchequer.
\'d8Al`lo*ca"tur (#), n. [LL.,
it is allowed, fr. allocare to allow.]
(Law) \'bdAllowed.\'b8 The word
allocatur expresses the allowance of a proceeding,
writ, order, etc., by a court, judge, or judicial officer.
Al`lo*chro"ic (#), a.
Changeable in color.
Al*loch"ro*ite (#), n.
(Min.) See Garnet.
Al*loch"ro*ous (#), a. [Gr. Changing
color.
Al`lo*cu"tion (#), n. [L.
allocuto, fr. alloqui to speak to; ad
+ loqui to speak: cf. F. allocution.]
1. The act or manner of speaking to, or of
addressing in words.
2. An address; a hortatory or authoritative address
as of a pope to his clergy.
Addison.
Al"lod (#), n. See
Allodium.
Al*lo"di*al (#), a. [LL.
allodialis, fr. allodium: cf. F.
allodial. See Allodium.]
(Law) Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of
rent or service; held independent of a lord paramount; -- opposed
to feudal; as, allodial lands;
allodial system.
Blackstone.
Al*lo"di*al, a. Anything held
allodially.
W. Coxe.
Al*lo"di*al*ism (#), n. The
allodial system.
Al*lo"di*al*ist, n. One who holds
allodial land.
Al*lo"di*al*ly, adv. By allodial
tenure.
Al*lo"di*a*ry (#), n. One who
holds an allodium.
Al*lo"di*um (#), n. [LL.
allodium, alodium, alodis,
alaudis, of Ger. origin; cf. OHG. al all,
and (AS. e\'bed) possession, property.
It means, therefore, entirely one's property.]
(Law) Freehold estate; land which is the absolute
property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence,
without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to
a superior. It is thus opposed to feud.
Blackstone. Bouvier.
Al*log"a*mous (#), a.
(Bot.) Characterized by allogamy.
Al*log"a*my (#) n. [Gr. (Bot.) Fertilization
of the pistil of a plant by pollen from another of the same
species; cross-fertilization.
Al`lo*ge"ne*ous (#), a. [Gr.
Different in nature or kind.
[R.]
Al"lo*graph (#), n. [Gr. -graph.] A writing or signature
made by some person other than any of the parties thereto; --
opposed to autograph.
<-- Allomer; Allomeric -->
Al*lom"er*ism (#), n. [Gr. (Chem.) Variability in
chemical constitution without variation in crystalline
form.
Al*lom"er*ous (#), a.
(Chem.) Characterized by allomerism.
Al"lo*morph (#), n. [Gr. (Min.) (a) Any
one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same
substance; or the substance having such forms; -- as,
carbonate of lime occurs in the allomorphs calcite and
aragonite. (b) A variety of pseudomorph
which has undergone partial or complete change or substitution of
material; -- thus limonite is frequently an allomorph
after pyrite.
G. H. Williams.
Al`lo*mor"phic (#), a.
(Min.) Of or pertaining to allomorphism.
Al`lo*mor"phism (#), n.
(Min.) The property which constitutes an
allomorph; the change involved in becoming an allomorph.
Al*longe" (#), n. [F.
allonge, earlier alonge, a lengthening. See
Allonge, v., and cf. Lunge.]
1. (Fencing) A thrust or pass; a
lunge.
2. A slip of paper attached to a bill of exchange
for receiving indorsements, when the back of the bill itself is
already full; a rider. [A French usage]
Abbott.
Al*longe", v. i. [F.
allonger; \'85 (L. ad) +
long (L. longus) long.] To
thrust with a sword; to lunge.
Al"lo*nym (#), n. [F.
allonyme, fr. Gr.
1. The name of another person assumed by the author
of a work.
2. A work published under the name of some one
other than the author.
Al*lon"y*mous (#), a. Published
under the name of some one other than the author.
Al*loo" (#), v. t. or i.
[See Halloo.] To incite dogs by a call;
to halloo. [Obs.]
Al"lo*path (#), n. [Cf. F.
allopathe.] An allopathist.
Ed. Rev.
Al`lo*path"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
allopathique.] Of or pertaining to
allopathy.
Al`lo*path"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
In a manner conformable to allopathy; by allopathic
methods.
Al*lop"a*thist (#), n. One who
practices allopathy; one who professes allopathy.
Al*lop"a*thy (#), n. [Gr. allopathie, F. allopathie. See
Pathos.] That system of medical practice
which aims to combat disease by the use of remedies which produce
effects different from those produced by the special disease
treated; -- a term invented by Hahnemann to designate the
ordinary practice, as opposed to homeopathy.
{ Al`lo*phyl"ic (#),
Al`lo*phyl"i*an (#), } a.
[Gr. Pertaining to a race or a language neither
Aryan nor Semitic.
J. Prichard.
Al"lo*quy (#), n. [L.
alloquim, fr. alloqui.] A
speaking to another; an address. [Obs.]
Al*lot" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allotted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Allotting.] [OF.
aloter, F. allotir; a (L.
ad) + lot lot. See Lot.]
1. To distribute by lot.
2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or
portions; or to distribute to each individual concerned; to
assign as a share or lot; to set apart as one's share; to bestow
on; to grant; to appoint; as, let every man be contented with
that which Providence allots him.
Ten years I will allot to the attainment of
knowledge.
Johnson.
Al"lo*the*ism (#), n. [Gr. The worship of strange gods.
Jer. Taylor.
Al*lot"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
alotement, F. allotement.]
1. The act of allotting; assignment.
2. That which is allotted; a share, part, or
portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or
by the act of God; anything set apart for a special use or to a
distinct party.
The alloments of God and nature.
L'Estrange.
A vineyard and an allotment for olives and
herbs.
Broome.
3. (law) The allowance of a specific
amount of scrip or of a particular thing to a particular
person.
Cottage allotment, an allotment of a small
portion of land to a country laborer for garden cultivation.
[Eng.]
<-- p. 42 -->
Al`lo*tri*oph"a*gy (#), n. [Gr.
allotriophagie.] (Med.) A
depraved appetite; a desire for improper food.
{ Al`lo*trop"ic (#),
Al`lo*trop"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. allotropique.] Of or
pertaining to allotropism. --
Al`lo*trop"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Allotropic state, the several conditions which
occur in a case of allotropism.
Al*lot`ro*pic"i*ty (#), n.
Allotropic property or nature.
{ Al*lot"ro*pism (#),
Al*lot"ro*py (#), } n.
[Gr. allotropie.] (Chem.) The
property of existing in two or more conditions which are distinct
in their physical or chemical relations.
Al*lot"ro*pize (#), v. t. To
change in physical properties but not in substance.
[R.]
Al*lot"ta*ble (#), a. Capable
of being allotted.
Al*lot`tee" (#), n. One to whom
anything is allotted; one to whom an allotment is made.
Al*lot"ter (#), n. One who
allots.
Al*lot"ter*y (#), n.
Allotment. [Obs.]
Shak.
Al*low" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allowed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Allowing.] [OE. alouen, OF.
alouer, aloer, aluer, F.
allouer, fr. LL. allocare to admit as
proved, to place, use; confused with OF. aloer, fr. L.
allaudare to extol; ad + laudare to praise.
See Local, and cf. Allocate,
Laud.] 1. To praise; to approve of;
hence, to sanction. [Obs. or Archaic]
Ye allow the deeds of your fathers.
Luke xi. 48.
We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his
life, approve his learning.
Fuller.
2. To like; to be suited or pleased with.
[Obs.]
How allow you the model of these clothes?
Massinger.
3. To sanction; to invest; to intrust.
[Obs.]
Thou shalt be . . . allowed with absolute
power.
Shak.
4. To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield;
to let one have; as, to allow a servant his liberty;
to allow a free passage; to allow one day for
rest.
He was allowed about three hundred pounds a
year.
Macaulay.
5. To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to
concede; to accede to an opinion; as, to allow a
right; to allow a claim; to allow the truth of
a proposition.
I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that
Miss Newcome's conduct . . . was highly reprehensible.
Thackeray.
6. To grant (something) as a deduction or an
addition; esp. to abate or deduct; as, to allow a
sum for leakage.
7. To grant license to; to permit; to consent to;
as, to allow a son to be absent.
Syn. -- To allot; assign; bestow; concede; admit; permit;
suffer; tolerate. See Permit.
Al*low", v. i. To admit; to concede; to
make allowance or abatement.
Allowing still for the different ways of making
it.
Addison.
To allow of, to permit; to admit.
Shak.
Al*low"a*ble (#), a. [F.
allouable.] 1. Praiseworthy;
laudable. [Obs.]
Hacket.
2. Proper to be, or capable of being, allowed;
permissible; admissible; not forbidden; not unlawful or improper;
as, a certain degree of freedom is allowable among
friends.
Al*low"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being allowable; permissibleness; lawfulness; exemption from
prohibition or impropriety.
South.
Al*low"a*bly, adv. In an allowable
manner.
Al*low"ance (#), n. [OF.
alouance.] 1. Approval;
approbation. [Obs.]
Crabbe.
2. The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or
admitting; authorization; permission; sanction; tolerance.
Without the king's will or the state's
allowance.
Shak.
3. Acknowledgment.
The censure of the which one must in your allowance
o'erweigh a whole theater of others.
Shak.
4. License; indulgence. [Obs.]
Locke.
5. That which is allowed; a share or portion
allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty,
or as appropriate for any purpose; a stated quantity, as of food
or drink; hence, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when
provisions fall short.
I can give the boy a handsome allowance.
Thackeray.
6. Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of
mitigating circumstances; as, to make allowance for
the inexperience of youth.
After making the largest allowance for fraud.
Macaulay.
7. (com.) A customary deduction from the
gross weight of goods, different in different countries, such as
tare and tret.
Al*low"ance, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Allowancing (#).]
[See Allowance, n.] To put
upon a fixed allowance (esp. of provisions and drink); to supply
in a fixed and limited quantity; as, the captain was obliged
to allowance his crew; our provisions were
allowanced.
Al*low"ed*ly (#) adv. By
allowance; admittedly.
Shenstone.
Al*low"er (#), n. 1.
An approver or abettor. [Obs.]
2. One who allows or permits.
Al*lox"an (#), n.
[Allantoin + oxalic, as containing the
elements of allantion and oxalic
acid.] (Chem.) An oxidation product of uric
acid. It is of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or
alcohol.
Al*lox"a*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A combination of alloxanic acid and a
base or base or positive radical.
Al`lox*an"ic (#), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to alloxan; -- applied
to an acid obtained by the action of soluble alkalies on
alloxan.
Al`lox*an"tin (#), n.
(Chem.) A substance produced by acting upon uric
with warm and very dilute nitric acid.
Al*loy", n. [OE. alai, OF.
alei, F. aloyer, to alloy, alier
to ally. See Alloy, v. t.] 1.
Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a
mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of
copper and zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the
compound is called an amalgam.
2. The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or
silver; fineness.
3. A baser metal mixed with a finer.
Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal.
Alloy is baser metal mixed with it.
Locke.
4. Admixture of anything which lessens the value or
detracts from; as, no happiness is without
alloy. \'bdPure English without Latin
alloy.\'b8
F. Harrison.
Al*loy", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Alloyed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Alloying.] [F.
aloyer, OF. alier, allier, later
allayer, fr. L. aligare. See
Alloy, n., Ally, v.t.,
and cf. Allay.] 1. To reduce the
purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance; as, to
alloy gold with silver or copper, or silver with
copper.
2. To mix, as metals, so as to form a
compound.
3. To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to
allay; as, to alloy pleasure with
misfortunes.
Al*loy", v. t. To form a metallic
compound.
Gold and iron alloy with ease.
Ure.
Al*loy"age (#), n. [F.
aloyage.] The act or art of alloying
metals; also, the combination or alloy.
All`-pos*sessed" (#), a.
Controlled by an evil spirit or by evil passions;
wild. [Colloq.]
{ All" Saints` (#), All" Saints'
(#), } The first day of November, called,
also, Allhallows or Hallowmas; a feast day
kept in honor of all the saints; also, the season of this
festival.
All" Souls' Day` (#). The second day of
November; a feast day of the Roman Catholic church, on which
supplications are made for the souls of the faithful dead.
All"spice` (#), n. The berry of
the pimento (Eugenia pimenta), a tree of the West
Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably
aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to
combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence
the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as,
the Carolina allspice (Calycanthus
floridus); wild allspice (Lindera
benzoin), called also spicebush,
spicewood, and
feverbush.
All`thing` (#), adv. [For
in all (= every) thing.]
Altogether. [Obs.]
Shak.
Al*lude" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Alluded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Alluding.] [L.
alludere to play with, to allude; ad +
ludere to play.] To refer to something
indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not
specifically and plainly mentioned; -- followed by to;
as, the story alludes to a recent
transaction.
These speeches . . . do seem to allude unto such
ministerial garments as were then in use.
Hooker.
Syn. -- To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate;
signify; insinuate; advert. See Refer.
Al*lude", v. t. To compare allusively;
to refer (something) as applicable. [Obs.]
Wither.
\'d8Al`lu`mette (#), n. [F.,
from allumer to light.] A match for
lighting candles, lamps, etc.
Al*lu"mi*nor (#), n. [OF.
alumineor, fr. L. ad + liminare. See
Luminate.] An illuminator of manuscripts and
books; a limner. [Obs.]
Cowell.
Al*lur"ance (#), n.
Allurement. [R.]
Al*lure" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alluded
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alluring.] [OF. aleurrer,
alurer, fr. a (L. ad) +
leurre lure. See Lure.] To attempt
to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the offer of
some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or
acceptable; to entice; to attract.
With promised joys allured them on.
Falconer.
The golden sun in splendor likest Heaven
Allured his eye.
Milton.
Syn. -- To attract; entice; tempt; decoy; seduce.
-- To Allure, Entice, Decoy,
Seduce. These words agree in the idea of acting upon the
mind by some strong controlling influence, and differ according
to the image under which is presented. They are all used in a bad
sense, except allure, which has sometimes (though
rarely) a good one. We are allured by the prospect or
offer (usually deceptive) of some future good. We are commonly
enticed into evil by appeals to our passions. We are
decoyed into danger by false appearances or
representations. We are seduced when drawn aside from
the path of rectitude. What allures draws by gentle
means; what entices leads us by promises and
persuasions; what decoys betrays us, as it were, into
a snare or net; what seduces deceives us by artful
appeals to the passions.
Al*lure", n. Allurement.
[R.]
Hayward.
\'d8Al`lure" (#), n. [F.;
aller to go.] Gait; bearing.
The swing, the gait, the pose, the allure of these
men.
Harper's Mag.
Al*lure"ment (#), n. 1.
The act alluring; temptation; enticement.
Though Adam by his wife's allurement fell.
Milton.
2. That which allures; any real or apparent good
held forth, or operating, as a motive to action; as, the
allurements of pleasure, or of honor.
Al*lur"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, allures.
Al*lur"ing, a. That allures; attracting;
charming; tempting. -- Al*lur"ing*ly,
adv. -- Al*lur"ing*ness, n.
Al*lu"sion (#), n. [L.
allusio, fr. alludere to allude: cf. F.
allusion.] 1. A figurative or
symbolical reference. [Obs.]
2. A reference to something supposed to be known,
but not explicitly mentioned; a covert indication; indirect
reference; a hint.
Al*lu"sive (#), a. 1.
Figurative; symbolical.
2. Having reference to something not fully
expressed; containing an allusion.
Al*lu"sive*ly, adv. Figuratively
[Obs.]; by way of allusion; by implication,
suggestion, or insinuation.
Al*lu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being
allusive.
Al*lu"so*ry (#), a.
Allusive. [R.]
Warburton.
Al*lu"vi*al (#), a. [Cf. F.
alluvial. See Alluvion.]
Pertaining to, contained in, or composed of, alluvium;
relating to the deposits made by flowing water; washed away from
one place and deposited in another; as, alluvial
soil, mud, accumulations, deposits.
Al*lu"vi*on (#), n. [F.
alluvion, L. alluvio, fr.
alluere to wash against; ad + luere, equiv.
to lavare, to wash. See Lave.]
1. Wash or flow of water against the shore or
bank.
2. An overflowing; an inundation; a flood.
Lyell.
3. Matter deposited by an inundation or the action
of flowing water; alluvium.
The golden alluvions are there [in California and
Australia] spread over a far wider space: they are found not only
on the banks of rivers, and in their beds, but are scattered over
the surface of vast plains.
R. Cobden.
4. (Law) An accession of land gradually
washed to the shore or bank by the flowing of water. See
Accretion.
Al*lu"vi*ous (#), n. [L.
alluvius. See Alluvion.]
Alluvial. [R.]
Johnson.
Al*lu"vi*um (#), n.; pl. E.
Alluviums, L. Alluvia (#).
[L., neut. of alluvius. See
Alluvious.] (Geol.) Deposits of
earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made by
rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently
submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas.
Lyell.
All"where` (#), adv.
Everywhere. [Archaic]
All"work` (#), n. Domestic or
other work of all kinds; as, a maid of allwork, that
is, a general servant.
Al*ly" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allied (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Allying.]
[OE. alien, OF. alier, F.
alier, fr. L. alligare to bind to; ad
+ ligare to bind. Cf. Alligate, Alloy,
Allay, Ligament.] 1. To
unite, or form a connection between, as between families by
marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or
confederacy; -- often followed by to or
with.
O chief! in blood, and now in arms allied.
Pope.
2. To connect or form a relation between by
similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love.
These three did love each other dearly well,
And with so firm affection were allied.
Spenser.
The virtue nearest to our vice allied.
Pope.
Ally is generally used in the passive
form or reflexively.
Al*ly" (#), n.; pl.
Allies (#). [See Ally,
v.] 1. A relative; a
kinsman. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. One united to another by treaty or league; --
usually applied to sovereigns or states; a confederate.
The English soldiers and their French allies.
Macaulay.
3. Anything associated with another as a helper; an
auxiliary.
Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its
ally.
Buckle.
4. Anything akin to another by structure,
etc.
Al"ly (#), n. See
Alley, a marble or taw.
Al"lyl (#), n. [L.
allium garlic + -yl.]
(Chem.) An organic radical,
C3H5, existing especially in oils of garlic and
mustard.
Al"ly*lene (#), n.
(Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon,
C3H4, homologous with acetylene; propine.
<-- =propyne, CH3.C.CH -->
Al"ma, Al"mah (#),
n. Same as Alme.
Al`ma*can"tar (#), n.
(Astron.) (a) Same as
Almucantar. (b) A recently invented
instrument for observing the heavenly bodies as they cross a
given almacantar circle. See Almucantar.
{ \'d8Al`ma*di"a (#),
\'d8Al"ma*die (#), } n.
[F. almadie (cf. Sp. & Pg. almadia),
fr. Ar. alma'd\'c6yah a raft, float.]
(Naut.) (a) A bark canoe used by the
Africans. (b) A boat used at Calicut, in
India, about eighty feet long, and six or seven broad.
Al"ma*gest (#), n. [F.
almageste, LL. almageste, Ar.
al-majist\'c6, fr. Gr. The celebrated work of Ptolemy
of Alexandria, which contains nearly all that is known of the
astronomical observations and theories of the ancients. The name
was extended to other similar works.
\'d8Al*ma"gra (#), n. [Sp.
almagra, almagre, fr. Ar.
al-maghrah red clay or earth.] A
fine, deep red ocher, somewhat purplish, found in Spain. It is
the sil atticum of the ancients. Under the name of
Indian red it is used for polishing glass and
silver.
{ Al"main (#), Al"mayne
(#), Al"man (#), } n.
[OF. Aleman, F. Allemand, fr. L.
Alemanni, ancient Ger. tribes.]
[Obs.] 1. A German. Also
adj., German.
Shak.
2. The German language.
J. Foxe.
3. A kind of dance. See Allemande.
Almain rivets, Almayne rivets, or
Alman rivets, a sort of light armor from
Germany, characterized by overlapping plates, arranged to slide
on rivets, and thus afford great flexibility.
\'d8Al"ma Ma"ter (#). [L., fostering
mother.] A college or seminary where one is
educated.
Al"ma*nac (?; 277), n. [LL.
almanac, almanach: cf. F.
almanach, Sp. almanaque, It.
almanacco, all of uncertain origin.] A book
or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which
astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as
the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon,
eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms
of courts, etc.
Nautical almanac, an almanac, or year book,
containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and
other information useful to mariners.
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Al"man*dine (#), n. [LL.
almandina, alamandina, for L.
alabandina a precious stone, named after
Alabanda, a town in Caria, where it was first and
chiefly found: cf. F. almandine.]
(Min.) The common red variety of garnet.
{ \'d8Al"me, \'d8Al"meh }
(#), n. [Ar. 'almah (fem.)
learned, fr. 'alama to know: cf. F.
alm\'82e.] An Egyptian dancing girl; an
Alma.
The Almehs lift their arms in dance.
Bayard Taylor.
\'d8Al`men*dron" (#), n. [Sp.,
fr. almendra almond.] The lofty Brazil-nut
tree.
Al"mer*y (#), n. See
Ambry. [Obs.]
Alm"esse (#), n. See
Alms. [Obs.]
{ Al*might"ful (#),
Al*might"i*ful (#), } a.
All-powerful; almighty. [Obs.]
Udall.
Al*might"i*ly, adv. With almighty
power.
Al*might"i*ness, n. Omnipotence;
infinite or boundless power; unlimited might.
Jer. Taylor.
Al*might"y (#), a. [AS.
ealmihtig, \'91lmihtig; eal (OE.
al) ail + mihtig mighty.] 1.
Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful;
irresistible.
I am the Almighty God.
Gen. xvii. 1.
2. Great; extreme; terrible.
[Slang]
Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in
an almighty fix.
De Quincey.
The Almighty, the omnipotent God.
Rev. i. 8.
Alm"ner (#), n. An
almoner. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Alm"ond (#), n. [OE.
almande, almaunde, alemaunde, F.
amande, L. amygdala, fr. Gr. almendra. Cf. Amygdalate.] 1.
The fruit of the almond tree.
Amygdalus
communis, a native of the Mediterranean region and western
Asia.
2. The tree bears the fruit; almond tree.
3. Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically:
(Anat.) One of the tonsils.
Almond oil, fixed oil expressed from sweet or
bitter almonds. -- Oil of bitter almonds, a
poisonous volatile oil obtained from bitter almonds by maceration
and distillation; benzoic aldehyde. -- Imitation oil of
bitter almonds, nitrobenzene. -- Almond
tree (Bot.), the tree bearing the
almond. -- Almond willow (Bot.), a
willow which has leaves that are of a light green on both sides;
almond-leaved willow (Salix amygdalina).
Shenstone.
Al"mond fur`nace (#). [Prob. a corruption
of Almain furnace, i. e., German furnace. See
Almain.] A kind of furnace used in refining,
to separate the metal from cinders and other foreign
matter.
Chambers.
Al"mon*dine (#), n. See
Almandine
Al"mon*er (#), n. [OE.
aumener, aulmener, OF.
almosnier, aumosnier, F.
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